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46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2024

作者： Packy, Anna L. Jayahankar, Jayesh Teymourlouei, Arya Stone, Joshua Oh, Hyuk Katz, Garrett E. Reggia, James A. Gentili, Rodolphe J. University of Maryland Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Computer Science College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering College Park United States University of Maryland Department of Kinesiology College Park United States Syracuse University Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Syracuse United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371499

Human-robot teaming has become increasingly important with the advent of intelligent machines. Prior efforts suggest that performance, mental workload, and trust are critical elements of human-robot dynamics that can be altered by the robot's behavior. Most prior human-robot teaming studies used behavioral analyses, but a limited number used neural markers, without the use of physical robots and complex tasks. Here we combine behavioral and EEG cortical dynamics to examine cognitive-motor processes when individuals complete a complex task under various team environments with a robot. The results revealed that altering the robot quality affected both behavioral and EEG dynamics. Task completion with an experienced robot led to greater team performance and human trust along with lower mental workload compared to an inexperienced teammate or when individuals performed alone. EEG changes suggest that different attentional processes were engaged when humans worked with the robot and performed alone, and that visual processing was more prominent when teaming with an inexperienced teammate. This work can inform human cognitive-motor processes and the design of robotic controllers in human-robot teams. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Man machine systems

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Spectral Learning of Shared Dynamics Between Generalized-Linear Processes 38

Spectral Learning of Shared Dynamics Between Generalized-Lin...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Oganesian, Lucine L. Sani, Omid G. Shanechi, Maryam M. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States

Generalized-linear dynamical models (GLDMs) remain a widely-used framework within neuroscience for modeling time-series data, such as neural spiking activity or categorical decision outcomes. Whereas the standard usage of GLDMs is to model a single data source, certain applications require jointly modeling two generalized-linear time-series sources while also dissociating their shared and private dynamics. Most existing GLDM variants and their associated learning algorithms do not support this capability. Here we address this challenge by developing a multi-step analytical subspace identification algorithm for learning a GLDM that explicitly models shared vs. private dynamics within two generalized-linear time-series. In simulations, we demonstrate our algorithm's ability to dissociate and model the dynamics within two time-series sources while being agnostic to their respective observation distributions. In neural data, we consider two specific applications of our algorithm for modeling discrete population spiking activity with respect to a secondary time-series. In both synthetic and real data, GLDMs learned with our algorithm more accurately decoded one time-series from the other using lower-dimensional latent states, as compared to models identified using existing GLDM learning algorithms. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Multi-scale pulmonary nodule classification with deep feature fusion via residual network

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2023年第11期14卷 14829-14840页

作者： Zhang, Guokai Zhu, Dandan Liu, Xiao Chen, Mingle Itti, Laurent Luo, Ye Lu, Jianwei School of Software Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China High School Affiliated to Fudan University Shanghai China Department of Computer Science and Neuroscience Program University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Institute of Translational Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China

The early stage detection of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. The malignancy risk assessment is usually used to guide the doctor in identifying the cancer stage and making follow-up prognosis plan. However, due to the variance of nodules on size, shape, and location, it has been a big challenge to classify the nodules in computer aided diagnosis system. In this paper, we design a novel model based on convolution neural network to achieve automatic pulmonary nodule malignancy classification. By using our model, the multi-scale features are extracted through the multi-convolution process, and the structure of residual blocks allows the network to capture more high-level and semantic information. Moreover, a strategy is proposed to fuse the features from the last avg-pooling layer and the ones from the last residual block to further enhance the performance of our model. Experimental results on the public Lung Image Database Consortium dataset demonstrate that our model can achieve a lung nodule classification accuracy of 87.5 % which outperforms state-of-the-art methods. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Application of Disentanglement to Map Registration Problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Song, Hae Jin Krawczuk, Patrycja Huang, Po-Hsuan Department of Computer Science University of Southern California United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California United States

Geospatial data come from various sources, such as satellites, aircraft, and LiDAR. The variability of the source is not limited to the types of data acquisition techniques, as we have maps from different time periods. To incorporate these data for a coherent analysis, it is essential to first align different "styles" of geospatial data to its matching images that point to the same location on the surface of the Earth. In this paper, we approach the image registration as a two-step process of (1) extracting geospatial contents invariant to visual (and any other non-content-related) information, and (2) matching the data based on such (purely) geospatial contents. We hypothesize that a combination of β-VAE-like architecture [2] and adversarial training will achieve both the disentanglement of the geographic information and artistic styles and generation of new map tiles by composing the encoded geographic information with any artistic style. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image registration

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Including Facial Expressions in Contextual Embeddings for Sign Language Generation 12

Including Facial Expressions in Contextual Embeddings for Si...

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12th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics, StarSEM 2023, co-located with ACL 2023

作者： Viegas, Carla Inan, Mert Quandt, Lorna Alikhani, Malihe Stella AI Pittsburgh United States Language Technologies Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh United States Computer Science Department School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh United States Educational Neuroscience Program Gallaudet University WashingtonDC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781959429760

State-of-the-art sign language generation frameworks lack expressivity and naturalness which is the result of only focusing on manual signs, neglecting the affective, grammatical, and semantic functions of facial expressions. The purpose of this work is to augment semantic representation of sign language through grounding facial expressions. We study the effect of modeling the relationship between text, gloss, and facial expressions on the performance of the sign generation systems. In particular, we propose a Dual Encoder Transformer able to generate manual signs as well as facial expressions by capturing the similarities and differences found in the text and sign gloss annotation. We take into consideration the role of facial muscle activity to express intensities of manual signs by being the first to employ facial action units in sign language generation. We perform a series of experiments showing that our proposed model improves the quality of automatically generated sign language. © 2023 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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A Computational Model of Children's Learning and Use of Probabilities Across Different Ages

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Zilong Shultz, Thomas R. Nobandegani, Ardavan S. Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Canada Department of Psychology School of Computer Science McGill University Canada Department of Psychology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McGill University Canada

Recent empirical work has shown that human children are adept at learning and reasoning with probabilities. Here, we model a recent experiment investigating the development of school-age children's non-symbolic probability reasoning ability using the Neural Probability Learner and Sampler (NPLS) system. We demonstrate that NPLS can accurately simulate children's probability judgments at different ages, tasks and difficulty levels to discriminate two probabilistic choices through accurate probability learning and sampling. An extension of NPLS using a skewed heuristic distribution can also model children's tendency to wrongly select the outcome with more favorable items but less likely to draw the favorable ones when the probabilistic choices are similar. We discuss the roles of two model parameters that can be adjusted to simulate the probability matching versus probability maximization phenomena in children, and why frequency biases children's probabilistic judgments. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Neurocognitive assessment under various human-robot teaming environments

Neurocognitive assessment under various human-robot teaming ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Anna L. Packy Jayesh Jayahankar Arya Teymourlouei Joshua Stone Hyuk Oh Garrett E. Katz James A. Reggia Rodolphe J. Gentili Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program University of Maryland College Park USA Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park USA Department of Kinesiology University of Maryland College Park USA Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Syracuse University Syracuse USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Human-robot teaming has become increasingly important with the advent of intelligent machines. Prior efforts suggest that performance, mental workload, and trust are critical elements of human-robot dynamics that can be altered by the robot’s behavior. Most prior human-robot teaming studies used behavioral analyses, but a limited number used neural markers, without the use of physical robots and complex tasks. Here we combine behavioral and EEG cortical dynamics to examine cognitive-motor processes when individuals complete a complex task under various team environments with a robot. The results revealed that altering the robot quality affected both behavioral and EEG dynamics. Task completion with an experienced robot led to greater team performance and human trust along with lower mental workload compared to an inexperienced teammate or when individuals performed alone. EEG changes suggest that different attentional processes were engaged when humans worked with the robot and performed alone, and that visual processing was more prominent when teaming with an inexperienced teammate. This work can inform human cognitive-motor processes and the design of robotic controllers in human-robot teams.

关键词： Visualization Process control Humanoid robots Collaboration Human factors Control systems Electroencephalography Behavioral sciences Engineering in medicine and biology Robots

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Localization of Epileptogenicity Using Incomplete MRI Sequence Data in Children with Seizure Onset Zone Involving Temporal Lobe

Localization of Epileptogenicity Using Incomplete MRI Sequen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Soumyanil Banerjee Qisheng He Min-Hee Lee Ming Dong Eishi Asano Jeong-Won Jeong Department of Computer Science Wayne State University MI USA Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University MI USA Department of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Program Wayne State University MI USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350313338

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313345

Localization of seizure onset zone (SOZ) is challenging in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. This clinical challenge becomes even more difficult when there are one or more missing MRI sequence data during the preoperative evaluation. To address this problem, we propose a novel mechanism where distillation is extensively used inside a deep neural network for prediction of SOZ in children with SOZ involving temporal lobe. We use sequence specific feature extractors to extract MRI sequence specific features, and shared feature extractors to handle the missing MRI sequences during the testing time. We utilize distillation across the different MRI sequences, both at the feature map level and the class-level, so that knowledge from the fused features is passed on to the individual MRI sequences. We addressed the non-SOZ vs SOZ class imbalance and applied our approach to perform SOZ classification of temporal lobe nodes of children with epilepsy. Our algorithm significantly outperforms all the baselines with a higher balanced accuracy, when all MRI sequences are present. Additionally, the same trained model could also handle the missing sequences during testing.

关键词： Location awareness Temporal lobe Pediatrics Magnetic resonance imaging Epilepsy Artificial neural networks Feature extraction

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BRAINLM: A FOUNDATION MODEL FOR BRAIN ACTIVITY RECORDINGS 12

BRAINLM: A FOUNDATION MODEL FOR BRAIN ACTIVITY RECORDINGS

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Caro, Josue Ortega de Fonseca, Antonio H. Rizvi, Syed A. Rosati, Matteo Averill, Christopher Cross, James L. Mittal, Prateek Zappala, Emanuele Dhodapkar, Rahul M. Abdallah, Chadi G. van Dijk, David Wu Tsai Institute United States Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Yale University United States Baylor College of Medicine United States Department of Computer Science United States Yale School of Medicine United States University of Southern California United States Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics United States Internal Medicine United States Cardiovascular Research Center Yale University United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Idaho State University United States

We introduce the Brain Language Model (BrainLM), a foundation model for brain activity dynamics trained on 6,700 hours of fMRI recordings. Utilizing self-supervised masked-prediction training, BrainLM demonstrates proficiency in both fine-tuning and zero-shot inference tasks. Fine-tuning allows for the accurate prediction of clinical variables like age, anxiety, and PTSD as well as forecasting of future brain states. Critically, the model generalizes well to entirely new external cohorts not seen during training. In zero-shot inference mode, BrainLM can identify intrinsic functional networks directly from raw fMRI data without any network-based supervision during training. The model also generates interpretable latent representations that reveal relationships between brain activity patterns and cognitive states. Overall, BrainLM offers a versatile and interpretable framework for elucidating the complex spatiotemporal dynamics of human brain activity. It serves as a powerful "lens" through which massive repositories of fMRI data can be analyzed in new ways, enabling more effective interpretation and utilization at scale. The work demonstrates the potential of foundation models to advance computational neuroscience research. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

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Online Multi-spectral Neuron Tracing

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Duan, Bin Shang, Yuzhang Cai, Dawen Yan, Yan Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Michigan United States Cell and Developmental Biology Michigan Medicine United States

In this paper, we propose an online multi-spectral neuron tracing method with uniquely designed modules, where no offline training are required. Our method is trained online to update our enhanced discriminative correlation filter to conglutinate the tracing process. This distinctive offline-training-free schema differentiates us from other training-dependent tracing approaches like deep learning methods since no annotation is needed for our method. Besides, compared to other tracing methods requiring complicated set-up such as for clustering and graph multi-cut, our approach is much easier to be applied to new images. In fact, it only needs a starting bounding box of the tracing neuron, significantly reducing users’ configuration effort. Our extensive experiments show that our training-free and easy-configured methodology allows fast and accurate neuron reconstructions in multi-spectral images. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Neurons

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