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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bom, C.R. Annis, J. Garcia, A. Palmese, A. Sherman, N. Soares-Santos, M. Santana-Silva, L. Morgan, R. Bechtol, K. Davis, T. Diehl, H.T. Allam, S.S. Bachmann, T.G. Fraga, B.M.O. García-Bellido, J. Gill, M.S.S. Herner, K. Kilpatrick, C.D. Makler, M. Olivares, F.E. Pereira, M.E.S. Pineda, J. Santos, A. Tucker, D.L. Wiesner, M.P. Aguena, M. Alves, O. Bacon, D. Bernardinelli, P.H. Bertin, E. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Kind, M. Carrasco Carretero, J. Conselice, C. Costanzi, M. da Costa, L.N. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Doel, P. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Frieman, J. Gatti, M. Gerdes, D.W. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R.A. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. James, D.J. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Melchior, P. Mena-Fernández, J. Menanteau, F. Pieres, A. Malagón, A.A. Plazas Raveri, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Sanchez, E. Santiago, B. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M.E.C. Tarle, G. To, C. Weaverdyck, N. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 RJ Rio de JaneiroCEP 22290-180 Brazil Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodovia Mário Covas lote J2 quadra JItaguaí RJ CEP 23810-000 Brazil Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics University of California Berkeley 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300 BerkeleyCA94720 United States NAT-Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul Universidade Cidade de São Paulo Rua Galvão Bueno 868 SP São Paulo01506-000 Brazil Physics Department 2320 Chamberlin Hall University of Wisconsin-Madison 1150 University Avenue MadisonWI53706-1390 United States Legacy Survey of Space and Time Corporation Data Science Fellowship Program School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD4072 Australia Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM CSIC Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Center for Advanced Studies Instituto de Ciencias Físicas ECyT-UNSAM & CONICET Buenos Aires1650 Argentina Instituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias Universidad de Atacama Av. Copayapu 485 Copiapó Chile Hamburger Sternwarte Universität Hamburg Gojenbergsweg 112 Hamburg21029 Germany Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Andres Bello Avda. Republica 252 Santiago Chile Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 Providencia Santiago Chile Benedictine University Department of Physics 5700 College Road LisleIL60532 United States Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation

We address the problem of optimally identifying all kilonovae detected via gravitational wave emission in the upcoming LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run, O4, which is expected to be sensitive to a factor of ∼ 7 more Binary Neutron Stars (BNS) alerts than previously. Electromagnetic follow-up of all but the brightest of these new events will require > 1 meter telescopes, for which limited time is available. We present an optimized observing strategy for the DECam during O4. We base our study on simulations of gravitational wave events expected for O4 and wide-prior kilonova simulations. We derive the detectabilities of events for realistic observing conditions. We optimize our strategy for confirming a kilonova while minimizing telescope time. For a wide range of kilonova parameters, corresponding to a fainter kilonova compared to GW170817/AT2017gfo we find that, with this optimal strategy, the discovery probability for electromagnetic counterparts with the DECam is ∼ 80% at the nominal BNS gravitational wave detection limit for O4 (190 Mpc), which corresponds to a ∼ 30% improvement compared to the strategy adopted during the previous observing run. For more distant events (∼ 330 Mpc), we reach a ∼ 60% probability of detection, a factor of ∼ 2 increase. For a brighter kilonova model dominated by the blue component that reproduces the observations of GW170817/AT2017gfo, we find that we can reach ∼ 90% probability of detection out to 330 Mpc, representing an increase of ∼ 20%, while also reducing the total telescope time required to follow-up events by ∼ 20%. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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SPT clusters with DES and HST weak lensing. II. Cosmological constraints from the abundance of massive halos

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Physical Review D 2024年第8期110卷 083510页

作者： S. Bocquet S. Grandis L. E. Bleem M. Klein J. J. Mohr T. Schrabback T. M. C. Abbott P. A. R. Ade M. Aguena A. Alarcon S. Allam S. W. Allen O. Alves A. Amon A. J. Anderson J. Annis B. Ansarinejad J. E. Austermann S. Avila D. Bacon M. Bayliss J. A. Beall K. Bechtol M. R. Becker A. N. Bender B. A. Benson G. M. Bernstein S. Bhargava F. Bianchini M. Brodwin D. Brooks L. Bryant A. Campos R. E. A. Canning J. E. Carlstrom A. Carnero Rosell M. Carrasco Kind J. Carretero F. J. Castander R. Cawthon C. L. Chang C. Chang P. Chaubal R. Chen H. C. Chiang A. Choi T-L. Chou R. Citron C. Corbett Moran J. Cordero M. Costanzi T. M. Crawford A. T. Crites L. N. da Costa M. E. S. Pereira C. Davis T. M. Davis J. DeRose S. Desai T. de Haan H. T. Diehl M. A. Dobbs S. Dodelson C. Doux A. Drlica-Wagner K. Eckert J. Elvin-Poole S. Everett W. Everett I. Ferrero A. Ferté A. M. Flores J. Frieman J. Gallicchio J. García-Bellido M. Gatti E. M. George G. Giannini M. D. Gladders D. Gruen R. A. Gruendl N. Gupta G. Gutierrez N. W. Halverson I. Harrison W. G. Hartley K. Herner S. R. Hinton G. P. Holder D. L. Hollowood W. L. Holzapfel K. Honscheid J. D. Hrubes N. Huang J. Hubmayr E. M. Huff D. Huterer K. D. Irwin D. J. James M. Jarvis G. Khullar K. Kim L. Knox R. Kraft E. Krause K. Kuehn N. Kuropatkin F. Kéruzoré O. Lahav A. T. Lee P.-F. Leget D. Li H. Lin A. Lowitz N. MacCrann G. Mahler A. Mantz J. L. Marshall J. McCullough M. McDonald J. J. McMahon J. Mena-Fernández F. Menanteau S. S. Meyer R. Miquel J. Montgomery J. Myles T. Natoli A. Navarro-Alsina J. P. Nibarger G. I. Noble V. Novosad R. L. C. Ogando Y. Omori S. Padin S. Pandey P. Paschos S. Patil A. Pieres A. A. Plazas Malagón A. Porredon J. Prat C. Pryke M. Raveri C. L. Reichardt J. Roberson R. P. Rollins C. Romero A. Roodman J. E. Ruhl E. S. Rykoff B. R. Saliwanchik L. Salvati C. Sánchez E. Sanchez D. Sanchez Cid A. Saro K. K. Schaffer L. F. Secco I. Sevilla-Noarbe K. Sharon E. Sheldon T. Shin C. Sievers G. Smecher M. Smith T. Somboonpanyakul M. Sommer B. Stalder A. A. Stark J. Stephen V. Straz University Observatory Faculty of Physics Universität Innsbruck Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik Technikerstraße 25/8 6020 Innsbruck Austria High-Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Gießenbachstraße 1 85748 Garching Germany Argelander-Institut für Astronomie Auf dem Hügel 71 53121 Bonn Germany Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Casilla 603 La Serena Chile School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3YB United Kingdom Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro—20921-400 Brazil Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 Batavia Illinois 60510 USA Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall Stanford California 94305 USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Institute of Astronomy University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0HA United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Cosmology University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0HA United Kingdom School of Physics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth Portsmouth

We present cosmological constraints from the abundance of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data with a simultaneous mass calibration using weak gravitational lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The cluster sample is constructed from the combined SPT-SZ, SPTpol ECS, and SPTpol 500d surveys, and comprises 1,005 confirmed clusters in the redshift range 0.25–1.78 over a total sky area of 5200 deg2. We use DES Year 3 weak-lensing data for 688 clusters with redshifts z<0.95 and HST weak-lensing data for 39 clusters with 0.6dataset, we place a 95% upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses ∑mν<0.18 eV. When additionally allowing the dark energy equation of state parameter w to vary, we obtain w=−1.45±0.31 from our cluster-based analysis. In combination with Planck data, we measure w=−1.34−0.15+0.22, or a 2.2σ difference with a cosmological constant. We use the cluster abundance to measure σ8 in five redshift bins between 0.25 and 1.8, and we find the results to be consistent with structure growth as predicted by the ΛCDM model fit to Planck primary CMB data.

关键词： Cosmological parameters Dark energy Large scale structure of the Universe Galaxy clusters

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DeepZipper II: Searching for Lensed Supernovae in Dark Energy Survey data with Deep Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Morgan, Robert Nord, B. Bechtol, K. Möller, A. Hartley, W.G. Birrer, S. González, S.J. Martinez, M. Gruendl, R.A. Buckley-Geer, E.J. Shajib, A.J. Carnero Rosell, A. Lidman, C. Collett, T. Abbott, T.M.C. Aguena, M. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Annis, J. Bacon, D. Bocquet, S. Brooks, D. Burke, D.L. Carrasco Kind, M. Carretero, J. Castander, F.J. Conselice, C. da Costa, L.N. Costanzi, M. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Doel, P. Everett, S. Ferrero, I. Flaugher, B. Friedel, D. Frieman, J. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gruen, D. Gutierrez, G. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. Kuehn, K. Kuropatkin, N. Lahav, O. Lima, M. Menanteau, F. Miquel, R. Palmese, A. Paz-Chinchón, F. Pereira, M.E.S. Pieres, A. Plazas Malagón, A.A. Prat, J. Rodriguez-Monroy, M. Romer, A.K. Roodman, A. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Smith, M. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M.E.C. Tarle, G. Thomas, D. Varga, T.N. Physics Department University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Legacy Survey of Space and Time Corporation Data Science Fellowship Program United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Legacy Survey of Space and Time 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology VIC3122 Australia Department of Astronomy University of Geneva ch. d'Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Center for Astrophysical Surveys National Center for Supercomputing Applications 1205 West Clark St. UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 W. Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics College of Science The Australian National University ACT2601 Australia The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics The Australian National University ACT2601 Australia Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation University of Portsmouth PortsmouthPO1 3FX United Kingdom Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Casilla 603 La Serena Chile Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States University Observatory Faculty of Ph

Gravitationally lensed supernovae (LSNe) are important probes of cosmic expansion, but they remain rare and difficult to find. Current cosmic surveys likely contain 5-10 LSNe in total while next-generation experiments are expected to contain several hundreds to a few thousands of these systems. We search for these systems in observed Dark Energy Survey (DES) 5-year SN fields - 10 3-sq. deg. regions of sky imaged in the griz bands approximately every six nights over five years. To perform the search, we utilize the DeepZipper approach: a multi-branch deep learning architecture trained on image-level simulations of LSNe that simultaneously learns spatial and temporal relationships from time series of images. We find that our method obtains a LSN recall of 61.13% and a false positive rate of 0.02% on the DES SN field data. DeepZipper selected 2,245 candidates from a magnitude-limited (mi Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

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Scientific data 2017年第1期4卷 170179页

作者： Jason Flannick Christian Fuchsberger Anubha Mahajan Tanya M Teslovich Vineeta Agarwala Kyle J Gaulton Lizz Caulkins Ryan Koesterer Clement Ma Loukas Moutsianas Davis J McCarthy Manuel A Rivas John R B Perry Xueling Sim Thomas W Blackwell Neil R Robertson N William Rayner Pablo Cingolani Adam E Locke Juan Fernandez Tajes Heather M Highland Josee Dupuis Peter S Chines Cecilia M Lindgren Christopher Hartl Anne U Jackson Han Chen Jeroen R Huyghe Martijn van de Bunt Richard D Pearson Ashish Kumar Martina Müller-Nurasyid Niels Grarup Heather M Stringham Eric R Gamazon Jaehoon Lee Yuhui Chen Robert A Scott Jennifer E Below Peng Chen Jinyan Huang Min Jin Go Michael L Stitzel Dorota Pasko Stephen C J Parker Tibor V Varga Todd Green Nicola L Beer Aaron G Day-Williams Teresa Ferreira Tasha Fingerlin Momoko Horikoshi Cheng Hu Iksoo Huh Mohammad Kamran Ikram Bong-Jo Kim Yongkang Kim Young Jin Kim Min-Seok Kwon Juyoung Lee Selyeong Lee Keng-Han Lin Taylor J Maxwell Yoshihiko Nagai Xu Wang Ryan P Welch Joon Yoon Weihua Zhang Nir Barzilai Benjamin F Voight Bok-Ghee Han Christopher P Jenkinson Teemu Kuulasmaa Johanna Kuusisto Alisa Manning Maggie C Y Ng Nicholette D Palmer Beverley Balkau Alena Stančáková Hanna E Abboud Heiner Boeing Vilmantas Giedraitis Dorairaj Prabhakaran Omri Gottesman James Scott Jason Carey Phoenix Kwan George Grant Joshua D Smith Benjamin M Neale Shaun Purcell Adam S Butterworth Joanna M M Howson Heung Man Lee Yingchang Lu Soo-Heon Kwak Wei Zhao John Danesh Vincent K L Lam Kyong Soo Park Danish Saleheen Wing Yee So Claudia H T Tam Uzma Afzal David Aguilar Rector Arya Tin Aung Edmund Chan Carmen Navarro Ching-Yu Cheng Domenico Palli Adolfo Correa Joanne E Curran Dennis Rybin Vidya S Farook Sharon P Fowler Barry I Freedman Michael Griswold Daniel Esten Hale Pamela J Hicks Chiea-Chuen Khor Satish Kumar Benjamin Lehne Dorothée Thuillier Wei Yen Lim Jianjun Liu Marie Loh Solomon K Musani Sobha Puppala William R Scott Loïc Yengo Sian-Tsung Tan Herman A Taylor Farook Thameem Gregory Wilson Tien Yin Wong Pål Rasmu Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Genetics of Complex Traits University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK. School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre Montreal Quebec Canada. Human Genetics Center The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study Framingham Massachusetts USA. Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München German R

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

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First M87 event horizon telescope results. I. The shadow of the supermassive black hole

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Boland, Wilfred Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-kwan Chatterjee, Shami Chatterjee, Koushik Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Doeleman, Sheperd S. Eatough, Ralph P. Falcke, Heino Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Gómez, José L. Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Junhan Kim, Jongsoo Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Michael Kramer, Carsten Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lauer, Tod R. Lee, Sang-Sung Li, Yan-Rong Li, Zhiyuan Lindqvist, Michael Liu, Kuo Liuzzo, Elisabetta Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin Lu, Ru-Sen National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observator of Ja an 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tok o Ja an181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative at Harvard Universit 20 Garden Street Cambrid eMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Pl. HiloHI96720 United States PO Box 9513 Leiden2300 RA Netherlands California Institute of Technolo 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Astronom Astro h sics Academia Sinica 645 N A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétri ue 300 rue de la Piscine Saint Martin d’HèresF-38406 France Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Ph sics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada De artment of Ph sics Universit of Waterloo 200 Universit Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daedeok-daero 776 Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea

When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 ± 3 μas, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio 10:1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 ± 0.7) × 109 Me. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravitation

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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

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Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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Author Correction: A global biodiversity observing system to unite monitoring and guide action

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Nature ecology & evolution 2023年第12期7卷 2173页

作者： Andrew Gonzalez Petteri Vihervaara Patricia Balvanera Amanda E Bates Elisa Bayraktarov Peter J Bellingham Andreas Bruder Jillian Campbell Michael D Catchen Jeannine Cavender-Bares Jonathan Chase Nicholas Coops Mark J Costello Bálint Czúcz Aurélie Delavaud Maria Dornelas Grégoire Dubois Emmett J Duffy Hilde Eggermont Miguel Fernandez Nestor Fernandez Simon Ferrier Gary N Geller Michael Gill Dominique Gravel Carlos A Guerra Robert Guralnick Michael Harfoot Tim Hirsch Sean Hoban Alice C Hughes Wim Hugo Margaret E Hunter Forest Isbell Walter Jetz Norbert Juergens W Daniel Kissling Cornelia B Krug Peter Kullberg Yvan Le Bras Brian Leung Maria Cecilia Londoño-Murcia Jean-Michel Lord Michel Loreau Amy Luers Keping Ma Anna J MacDonald Joachim Maes Melodie McGeoch Jean Baptiste Mihoub Katie L Millette Zsolt Molnar Enrique Montes Akira S Mori Frank E Muller-Karger Hiroyuki Muraoka Masahiro Nakaoka Laetitia Navarro Tim Newbold Aidin Niamir David Obura Mary O'Connor Marc Paganini Dominique Pelletier Henrique Pereira Timothée Poisot Laura J Pollock Andy Purvis Adriana Radulovici Duccio Rocchini Claudia Roeoesli Michael Schaepman Gabriela Schaepman-Strub Dirk S Schmeller Ute Schmiedel Fabian D Schneider Mangal Man Shakya Andrew Skidmore Andrew L Skowno Yayioi Takeuchi Mao-Ning Tuanmu Eren Turak Woody Turner Mark C Urban Nicolás Urbina-Cardona Ruben Valbuena Anton Van de Putte Basile van Havre Vladimir Ruslan Wingate Elaine Wright Carlos Zambrana Torrelio Department of Biology Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. andrew.gonzalez@mcgill.ca. Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico. Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada. EcoCommons Australia Research Specialised and Data Foundations Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia. Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand. Institute of Microbiology University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland Mendrisio Switzerland. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Montreal Quebec Canada. Department of Biology Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Halle Germany. Department of Computer Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle Germany. University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada. Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture Nord Universitet Bodø Norway. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway. Fondation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) Paris France. Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews UK. Guia Marine Lab MARE Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Cascais Portugal. Knowledge Centre for Biodiversity Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra Italy. Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO program Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD USA. Belgian Science Policy Office Belgian Biodiversity Platform/Biodiversa+ Brussels Belgium. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.

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Publisher Correction: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple longevity genes

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Nature communications 2021年第1期12卷 2463页

作者： Joris Deelen Daniel S Evans Dan E Arking Niccolò Tesi Marianne Nygaard Xiaomin Liu Mary K Wojczynski Mary L Biggs Ashley van der Spek Gil Atzmon Erin B Ware Chloé Sarnowski Albert V Smith Ilkka Seppälä Heather J Cordell Janina Dose Najaf Amin Alice M Arnold Kristin L Ayers Nir Barzilai Elizabeth J Becker Marian Beekman Hélène Blanché Kaare Christensen Lene Christiansen Joanna C Collerton Sarah Cubaynes Steven R Cummings Karen Davies Birgit Debrabant Jean-François Deleuze Rachel Duncan Jessica D Faul Claudio Franceschi Pilar Galan Vilmundur Gudnason Tamara B Harris Martijn Huisman Mikko A Hurme Carol Jagger Iris Jansen Marja Jylhä Mika Kähönen David Karasik Sharon L R Kardia Andrew Kingston Thomas B L Kirkwood Lenore J Launer Terho Lehtimäki Wolfgang Lieb Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen Carmen Martin-Ruiz Junxia Min Almut Nebel Anne B Newman Chao Nie Ellen A Nohr Eric S Orwoll Thomas T Perls Michael A Province Bruce M Psaty Olli T Raitakari Marcel J T Reinders Jean-Marie Robine Jerome I Rotter Paola Sebastiani Jennifer Smith Thorkild I A Sørensen Kent D Taylor André G Uitterlinden Wiesje van der Flier Sven J van der Lee Cornelia M van Duijn Diana van Heemst James W Vaupel David Weir Kenny Ye Yi Zeng Wanlin Zheng Henne Holstege Douglas P Kiel Kathryn L Lunetta P Eline Slagboom Joanne M Murabito Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany. Joris.Deelen@age.mpg.de. Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands. Joris.Deelen@age.mpg.de. California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute San Francisco CA USA. DEvans@***. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA. Alzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands. Department of Clinical Genetics Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands. Delft Bioinformatics Lab Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands. The Danish Aging Research Center Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark. BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China. China National Genebank BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China. Division of Statistical Genomics Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA. Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands. Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Haifa Haifa Israel. Departments of Medicine and Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA. Institute for Social Research Survey Research Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA. School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Icelandic Heart Association Kópavogur Iceland. Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland. I

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Author Correction: Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection

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Nature communications 2023年第1期14卷 436页

作者： Sarthak Pati Ujjwal Baid Brandon Edwards Micah Sheller Shih-Han Wang G Anthony Reina Patrick Foley Alexey Gruzdev Deepthi Karkada Christos Davatzikos Chiharu Sako Satyam Ghodasara Michel Bilello Suyash Mohan Philipp Vollmuth Gianluca Brugnara Chandrakanth J Preetha Felix Sahm Klaus Maier-Hein Maximilian Zenk Martin Bendszus Wolfgang Wick Evan Calabrese Jeffrey Rudie Javier Villanueva-Meyer Soonmee Cha Madhura Ingalhalikar Manali Jadhav Umang Pandey Jitender Saini John Garrett Matthew Larson Robert Jeraj Stuart Currie Russell Frood Kavi Fatania Raymond Y Huang Ken Chang Carmen Balaña Jaume Capellades Josep Puig Johannes Trenkler Josef Pichler Georg Necker Andreas Haunschmidt Stephan Meckel Gaurav Shukla Spencer Liem Gregory S Alexander Joseph Lombardo Joshua D Palmer Adam E Flanders Adam P Dicker Haris I Sair Craig K Jones Archana Venkataraman Meirui Jiang Tiffany Y So Cheng Chen Pheng Ann Heng Qi Dou Michal Kozubek Filip Lux Jan Michálek Petr Matula Miloš Keřkovský Tereza Kopřivová Marek Dostál Václav Vybíhal Michael A Vogelbaum J Ross Mitchell Joaquim Farinhas Joseph A Maldjian Chandan Ganesh Bangalore Yogananda Marco C Pinho Divya Reddy James Holcomb Benjamin C Wagner Benjamin M Ellingson Timothy F Cloughesy Catalina Raymond Talia Oughourlian Akifumi Hagiwara Chencai Wang Minh-Son To Sargam Bhardwaj Chee Chong Marc Agzarian Alexandre Xavier Falcão Samuel B Martins Bernardo C A Teixeira Flávia Sprenger David Menotti Diego R Lucio Pamela LaMontagne Daniel Marcus Benedikt Wiestler Florian Kofler Ivan Ezhov Marie Metz Rajan Jain Matthew Lee Yvonne W Lui Richard McKinley Johannes Slotboom Piotr Radojewski Raphael Meier Roland Wiest Derrick Murcia Eric Fu Rourke Haas John Thompson David Ryan Ormond Chaitra Badve Andrew E Sloan Vachan Vadmal Kristin Waite Rivka R Colen Linmin Pei Murat Ak Ashok Srinivasan J Rajiv Bapuraj Arvind Rao Nicholas Wang Ota Yoshiaki Toshio Moritani Sevcan Turk Joonsang Lee Snehal Prabhudesai Fanny Morón Jacob Mandel Konstantinos Kamnitsas Ben Glocker Luke V M Dixon Matthew Williams Peter Zamp Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA) University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Bavaria Germany. Intel Corporation Santa Clara CA USA. Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany. Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany. Department of Neuropathology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany. Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany. Neurology Clinic Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany. Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA. Symbiosis Center for Medical Image Analysis Symbiosis International University Pune Maharashtra India. Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bangalore Karnataka India. Department of Radiology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA. Department of Medical Physics School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA. Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust Department of Radiology Leeds UK. Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA. Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona Spain. Consorci MAR Parc de Salut de Barcelona Catalonia Spain. Department of Radiology (IDI

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