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A machine learning approach for skin lesion classification on iOS: implementing and optimizing a convolutional transfer learning model with Create ML

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2024年第8期46卷 666-685页

作者： Benedek Szabo, Aron Katona, Jozsef Department of Software Development and Application Institute of Computer Engineering University of Dunaujvaros Dunaujvaros Hungary Department of Instrumentation and Automation Institute of Electronics and Communication Systems Kandó Kálmán Faculty of Electrical Engineering Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Informatics GAMF Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Kecskemét Hungary

The integration of machine learning (ML) into mobile applications presents unique challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as iOS devices. Skin lesion classification is a critical task in dermatology, where accurate and efficient diagnostic tools can significantly aid in early detection of malignant lesions. This study aims to implement a machine learning-based iOS mobile application and develop a binary classification model for skin lesion images to determine whether a lesion is malignant. The research utilized Create ML to develop a convolutional neural network optimized for iOS, employing a transfer learning approach. A logistic regression model was cascaded with the convolutional neural network N to enhance classification accuracy. The model's performance was assessed through various validation metrics, ensuring its robustness and efficiency within the constraints of mobile hardware. A curated dataset from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration archive was used for training and testing. The model achieved an accuracy of 92%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 93%, and an F1-score of 91% in classifying skin lesions. These metrics validate the model's efficacy in identifying malignant lesions. Data curation involved collecting, labeling, and preparing a dataset from publicly available sources, ensuring the inclusion of diagnostically relevant features. The final model was integrated into an iOS application using Core ML and Vision frameworks. The developed application demonstrates reliable performance in classifying skin lesions with high accuracy on iOS devices. The inclusion of comprehensive performance metrics justifies the efficacy of the proposed approach. Future work will explore enhancements in model architecture and object detection capabilities to further improve diagnostic precision and application usability. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Image recognition

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CoML: Machine Learning based approach for COVID-19 related Suicidal Ideation detection 6

CoML: Machine Learning based approach for COVID-19 related S...

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6th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and computer Vision, ISCV 2024

作者： Bouktif, Salah Ud Din Khanday, Akib Mohi Ouni, Ali CIT United Arab Emirates University Dept. of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain United Arab Emirates École de Technologie Supérieure University of Quebec Dept. of Software Engineering and IT MontrealQC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350180

The pervasive use of online social media platforms has changed the communication habits and subsequently the content and the frequency of the human exchanges. People share their thoughts on social media more frequently and freely. In particular and due to the societal stigma, people find less obstacle to discuss mental health problems on social media compared to face-o-face discussion. Mining social media for the sake of analysing suicidal intention is an attractive and at the same time challenging task especially during COVID-19 era. The main objective is to leverage machine learning to classify the social media user suicidal behavior while considering the impact of COVID-19 circumstances. We propose a rigorous feature engineering technique based on TF/IDF and Bag of Words. Machine learning classifiers and ensemble models are compared to find that the Neural Network(NN) classifier outperforms the benchmarks with a precision of 94%, a Recall of 94%, an F1 Score of 94%, and an overall accuracy of 94%. In the future, more feature selection techniques and deep learning can be used. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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An Optimal Spacing Approach for Sampling Small-sized Datasets for software Effort Estimation 35

An Optimal Spacing Approach for Sampling Small-sized Dataset...

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35th International Conference on software engineering and Knowledge engineering, SEKE 2023

作者： Abedu, Samuel Mensah, Solomon Boafo, Frederick Bushel, Eva Akuafum, Elizabeth Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Canada Department of Computer Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Computer Science Lancaster University Ghana

Context: There has been a growing research focus in conventional machine learning techniques for software effort estimation (SEE). However, there is a limited number of studies that seek to assess the performance of deep learning approaches in SEE. This is because the sizes of SEE datasets are relatively small. Purpose: This study seeks to define a threshold for small-sized datasets in SEE, and investigates the performance of selected conventional machine learning and deep learning models on small-sized datasets. Method: Plausible SEE datasets with their number of project instances and features are extracted from existing literature and ranked. Eubank’s optimal spacing theory is used to discretize the ranking of the project instances into three classes (small, medium and large). Five conventional machine learning models and two deep learning models are trained on each dataset classified as small-sized using the leave-one-out cross-validation. The mean absolute error is used to assess the prediction performance of each model. Result: Findings from the study contradicts existing knowledge by demonstrating that deep learning models provide improved prediction performance as compared to the conventional machine learning models on small-sized datasets. Conclusion: Deep learning can be adopted for SEE with the application of regularisation techniques. © 2023 Knowledge Systems Institute Graduate School. All rights reserved.

关键词： Statistical methods

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3DSN-Net: A 3-D Scale-Aware convNet With Nonlocal Context Guidance for Kidney and Tumor Segmentation From CT Volumes

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IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 2024年第5期54卷 3299-3312页

作者： Wu, Huisi Zhang, Baiming Li, Zhuoying Qin, Jing Lee, Tong-Yee Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Centre for Smart Health School of Nursing Hong Kong Hong Kong National Cheng-Kung University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan

Automatic kidney and tumor segmentation from CT volumes is a critical prerequisite/tool for diagnosis and surgical treatment (such as partial nephrectomy). However, it remains a particularly challenging issue as kidneys and tumors often exhibit large-scale variations, irregular shapes, and blurring boundaries. We propose a novel 3-D network to comprehensively tackle these problems;we call it 3DSN-Net. Compared with existing solutions, it has two compelling characteristics. First, with a new scale-aware feature extraction (SAFE) module, the proposed 3DSN-Net is capable of adaptively selecting appropriate receptive fields according to the sizes of targets instead of indiscriminately enlarging them, which is particularly essential for improving the segmentation accuracy of the tumor with large scale variation. Second, we propose a novel yet efficient nonlocal context guidance (NCG) mechanism to capture global dependencies to tackle irregular shapes and blurring boundaries of kidneys and tumors. Instead of directly harnessing a 3-D NCG mechanism, which makes the number of parameters exponentially increase and hence the network difficult to be trained under limited training data, we develop a 2.5D NCG mechanism based on projections of feature cubes, which achieves a tradeoff between segmentation accuracy and network complexity. We extensively evaluate the proposed 3DSN-Net on the famous KiTS dataset with many challenging kidney and tumor cases. Experimental results demonstrate our solution consistently outperforms state-of-the-art 3-D networks after being equipped with scale aware and NCG mechanisms, particularly for tumor segmentation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Efficient Defense Against Model Stealing Attacks on Convolutional Neural Networks 22

Efficient Defense Against Model Stealing Attacks on Convolut...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2023

作者： Khaled, Kacem Dhaouadi, Mouna De Magalhaes, Felipe Gohring Nicolescu, Gabriela Polytechnique Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering Montreal Canada University of Montreal Department of Computer Science and Operations Research Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345346

Model stealing attacks have become a serious concern for deep learning models, where an attacker can steal a trained model by querying its black-box API. This can lead to intellectual property theft and other security and privacy risks. The current state-of-the-art defenses against model stealing attacks suggest adding perturbations to the prediction probabilities. However, they suffer from heavy computations and make impracticable assumptions about the adversary. They often require the training of auxiliary models. This can be time-consuming and resource-intensive which hinders the deployment of these defenses in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective and efficient defense alternative. We introduce a heuristic approach to perturb the output probabilities. The proposed defense can be easily integrated into models without additional training. We show that our defense is effective in defending against three state-of-the-art stealing attacks. We evaluate our approach on large and quantized (i.e., compressed) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on several vision datasets. Our technique outperforms the state-of-the-art defenses with a ×37 faster inference latency without requiring any additional model and with a low impact on the model's performance. We validate that our defense is also effective for quantized CNNs targeting edge devices. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning Model stealing attacks Privacy Quantization Security

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Test-Driven Development (TDD) in Small software Development Teams: Advantages and Challenges 5

Test-Driven Development (TDD) in Small Software Development ...

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5th International Conference on Advancements in Computational sciences, ICACS 2024

作者： Ramzan, Hafiz Arslan Ramzan, Sadia Kalsum, Tehmina Institute of Computer and Software Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan National University of Modern Languages Department of Computer Science Multan Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology Department of Software Engineering Taxila Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394764

In the context of small software development teams, this research article gives a thorough investigation of the adoption of test-driven development (TDD) approaches. It aims to highlight the benefits that TDD offers, such as improved code quality through modularization and proactive defect spotting which results in effective debugging and development processes. It also discusses the complex issues that arise when TDD is implemented in smaller teams, such as the learning curve and resource constraints. This study significantly advances the understanding of how TDD can be used to optimize software development techniques in organizations or software houses having small development teams. It also explores the possible advantages and challenges. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Modular construction

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Identifying Athletics Tracks using Keypoint Detection 38

Identifying Athletics Tracks using Keypoint Detection

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38th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, IVCNZ 2023

作者： Harcombe, Gareth Green, Richard Neshatian, Kourosh University of Canterbury Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Christchurch New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370515

This paper proposes the first known approaches to locating an athletics track from GPS data of a running workout. This is done by mapping the GPS points onto an image and applying computer Vision methods, including: performing keypoint detection using a Keypoint Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) model with a Residual Neural Network backbone;and applying Convolutional Kernels over the image. The Keypoint R-CNN model achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.29 on synthetic data, which is lower than the error of other keypoint detection models of 2.23, but performed poorly on real data. The Convolutional Method achieved an RMSE of 4.20. The methods and results of this paper can be used in future applications for error correction and feature extraction of GPS data for running workout analysis. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Neural network models

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An Integrated Machine Learning Framework Based Liver Disease Diagnosis System

An Integrated Machine Learning Framework Based Liver Disease...

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2024 International Conference on engineering and Computing, ICECT 2024

作者： Imtiaz, Irsa Qaiser, Ayesha Rehman, Attique Ur Javaid, Sabeen Ali, Tahir Muhammad Mir, Azka University of Sialkot Department of Software Engineering Sialkot Pakistan Gulf University for Sciences and Technology Department of Computer Science Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349719

Viral hepatitis increases the likelihood of developing liver cancer, which is a critical public health concern. It is a severe disorder that can be fatal if not recognized and treated promptly. The most common causes of liver cancer are hepatitis viruses. Early-stage diagnosis of HCC is crucial for improving patient outcomes, particularly when hepatitis virus infection is the underlying cause. This study looks into the use of ML algorithms for early detection of liver cancer in hepatitis virus-infected patients. The study will present a unified approach for the early detection of liver cancer that is highly accurate. Early detection of liver cancer is critical in reducing mortality and assisting practitioners in treating patients on time based on results. Machine learning algorithms have been intensively researched and applied to the diagnosis of liver cancer, especially in recent years. Researchers employed a variety of machine learning techniques to create models for detecting liver cancer at different stages, including early diagnosis. To enhance the model's flexibility and efficiency, We used three datasets that contained all of the information required for diagnosing liver cancer. Several machine-learning approaches were used to improve the model's accuracy. Our proposed model acquired a 98.10% accuracy rate with Bagging. Using several datasets in machine learning for liver disease detection enhances model performance by diversifying the training examples, resulting in a more robust and generalizable model with lower overfitting risk. This study aims to improve the quality of life for people who are at risk of or have been diagnosed with liver cancer. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Viruses

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Water Quality Monitoring System for Nile Tilapia Farming Using LoRa Technology 8

Water Quality Monitoring System for Nile Tilapia Farming Usi...

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8th International Conference on Information Technology, Incit 2024

作者： Chansiri, Nawara Sangkaphet, Ponglert Chaleamwong, Buppawan Kaewklom, Chaivichit Makdee, Supawee Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Faculty of Computer Science Department of Software Engineering Ubon Ratchathani Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Faculty of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Ubon Ratchathani Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366303

Fish farmers operating at Sirindhorn Dam in Ubon Ratchathani have faced significant challenges, including high mortality rates attributable to unstable weather conditions that compromise water quality. To tackle these issues, the Internet of Things has emerged as a tool to enhance aquaculture management. This research seeks to develop a prototype water quality monitoring system using LoRa technology to facilitate data transmission between sensor nodes in a peer-to-peer configuration. The development and testing of the system demonstrate its ability to accurately monitor key water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature, while allowing for remote data transmission. This research involved a sample group of five program development experts and 15 general users, with various tools employed for system efficiency assessment. A statistical analysis including the mean and standard deviation was performed to evaluate performance. The findings reveal a high overall efficiency assessment, with an average score of 4.43. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Efficiency

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Product Parallel Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Considering Multi-Skilled Workers Using a Discrete Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4475-4496页

作者： Xiwang Guo Liangbo Zhou Zhiwei Zhang Liang Qi Jiacun Wang Shujin Qin Jinrui Cao College of Information and Control Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical UniversityFushun113000China Department of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Monmouth UniversityWest Long BranchNJ 07764USA Research Center of the Economic and Social Development of Henan East Provincial Joint Shangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiu476000China Department of Computer Science New Jersey City UniversityJersey CityNJ 07305USA

This work investigates a multi-product parallel disassembly line balancing problem considering multi-skilled workers.A mathematical model for the parallel disassembly line is established to achieve maximized disassembly profit and minimized workstation cycle *** on a product’s AND/OR graph,matrices for task-skill,worker-skill,precedence relationships,and disassembly correlations are developed.A multi-objective discrete chemical reaction optimization algorithm is *** enhance solution diversity,improvements are made to four reactions:decomposition,synthesis,intermolecular ineffective collision,and wall invalid collision reaction,completing the evolution of molecular *** established model and improved algorithm are applied to ball pen,flashlight,washing machine,and radio combinations,*** a Collaborative Resource Allocation(CRA)strategy based on a Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm,the experimental results are compared with four classical algorithms:MOEA/D,MOEAD-CRA,Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ),and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ).This validates the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm in parallel disassembly production lines.

关键词： Parallel disassembly line balancing problem multi-product multiskilled workers discrete chemical reaction optimization algorithm

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