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Deep learning for agriculture

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Deep learning for agriculture

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference, ASEE 2020

作者： Pantoja, Maria Kurfess, Franz J. Humer, Irene Cal Poly San Luis Obispo Computer Engineering Computer Science and Software Engineering Office: 14-211 United States Computer Science and Software Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo United States

The global population is estimated to reach 8 billion by 2023 [1]. To feed such an immense population in a sustainable way, while also enabling farmers to make a living, requires the modernization of production methods in agriculture. In recent years there has been a lot of excitement in academic research and industry about the application of modern computer technology to farming, making farming one of the favorites for investors. According to Forbes Magazine, the agricultural technology gold rush began in 2013, with Monsanto's purchase of the agricultural data company, The Climate Corporation, for $930 million [16]. The total investment in 2017 topped $1.5 billion, setting a new record. All economic indicators point to a huge increase in technology and in particular software used in the agriculture fields. The need for advanced technology in agriculture is clear. The technology is being developed and ready, but what is still lacking is the number of professionals that have both skills-agriculture and technological knowledge-in particular in advanced computing methods like computer vision and deep learning. The main goal of this paper is to report on our approach to close the gap between domain experts in agriculture and computer scientists by developing a practical, hands-on activity in the form of a workshop or tutorial specifically targeted at agricultural engineers and practitioners interested in applying computer vision techniques to solve agricultural problems. The tutorial consists of specific examples like detecting and counting bees, segmentation of fruit trees and automatic fruit classification. The examples for the tutorials are chosen because of their simplicity of implementation and because they are also easily expandable into more complex projects. For example, the segmentation tutorial can be used to estimate pruning weight which is useful to determine the baseline vigor levels of the fruit trees. It is one of the best ways to quantify areas of the or

关键词： Deep learning

Comparative study for different types of mppt algorithms using direct control method 1

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2nd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics engineering, ICEEE 2021

作者： Shams, Immad Mohammed, Karam Khairullah Mekhilef, Saad Tey, Kok Soon Power Electronics and Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Control and Mechatronics Engineering Department School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru81310 Malaysia School of Software and Electrical Engineering Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9789811607493

ISBN: (纸本)9789811607486

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers achieve higher importance due to the high expansion rate of photovoltaic systems. The probability of partial shading conditions (PSCs) is also increased which drastically reduced the maximum power extraction capability from PV systems. In this paper, different types of MPPT algorithms using direct control method have been examined under the same test conditions. The current research trend on MPPT controllers has also been highlighted. This paper gives a brief description to engineers and practitioners working in the area of MPPT controllers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.

关键词： Controllers

Towards user-centered interactive medical image segmentation in VR with an assistive AI agent

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Spiegler, Pascal Harirpoush, Arash Xiao, Yiming Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada

Crucial in disease analysis and surgical planning, manual segmentation of volumetric medical scans (e.g. MRI, CT) is laborious, error-prone, and challenging to master, while fully automatic algorithms can benefit from user feedback. Therefore, with the complementary power of the latest radiological AI foundation models and virtual reality (VR)’s intuitive data interaction, we propose SAMIRA, a novel conversational AI agent for medical VR that assists users with localizing, segmenting, and visualizing 3D medical concepts. Through speech-based interaction, the agent helps users understand radiological features, locate clinical targets, and generate segmentation masks that can be refined with just a few point prompts. The system also supports true-to-scale 3D visualization of segmented pathology to enhance patient-specific anatomical understanding. Furthermore, to determine the optimal interaction paradigm under near-far attention-switching for refining segmentation masks in an immersive, human-in-the-loop workflow, we compare VR controller pointing, head pointing, and eye tracking as input modes. With a user study, evaluations demonstrated a high usability score (SUS=90.0±9.0), low overall task load, as well as strong support for the proposed VR system’s guidance, training potential, and integration of AI in radiological segmentation tasks. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image segmentation

Human-AI Co-Creation of Art Based on the Personalization of Collective Memory 6

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Human-AI Co-Creation of Art Based on the Personalization of ...

6th Asian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology, ACAIT 2022

作者： Wu, Zhuohao Li, Yanni Ji, Danwen Wu, Dingming Shidujaman, Mohammad Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Chenfan Communication University of China School of Animation and Digital Arts Beijing China Tongji University College of Design and Innovation Shanghai China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen China American International University-Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka Bangladesh School of Design Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453110

Artificial intelligence (AI) is trained with data, especially texts, numbers, images, videos and music on Internet. These data all together across time and space make a collective memory of the world. The latest large-scale AI models give people a chance to create out of a large pool of this collective memory, which they won't be able to access before, and communicate with AI in both human natural language and the unique machine supported ways. As demonstrated and discussed in this paper, effective and efficient workflows can be built up for human and AI to co-create meaningful results based on both the collective memory of the world and the personalized ideas and tastes. This kind of human-AI co-creation has a new force with great potential, and expect a new strategy and philosophy to guide human-AI collaboration. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

Agile Meets Quantum: A Novel Genetic Algorithm Model for Predicting the Success of Quantum software Development Project

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Khan, Arif Ali Akbar, Muhammad Azeem Lahtinen, Valtteri Paavola, Marko Niazi, Mahmood Alatawi, Mohammed Naif Alotaibi, Shoayee Dlaim M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu90014 Finland Software Engineering Department Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology Lappeenranta53851 Finland Quanscient Oy Tampere Finland VTT Technical Research Ctr of Finland Ltd Oulu Finland Department of Information and Computer Science King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Intelligent Secure Systems King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Saudi Arabia Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Saudi Arabia Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hail Hail Saudi Arabia

Context: Quantum software systems represent a new realm in software engineering, utilizing quantum bits (Qubits) and quantum gates (Qgates) to solve the complex problems more efficiently than classical counterparts. Agile software development approaches are considered to address many inherent challenges in quantum software development, but their effective integration remains unexplored. Objective: This study investigates key causes of challenges that could hinders the adoption of traditional agile approaches in quantum software projects and develop an Agile-Quantum software Project Success Prediction Model (AQSSPM). Methodology: Firstly, we identified 19 causes of challenging factors discussed in our previous study, which are potentially impacting agile-quantum project success. Secondly, a survey was conducted to collect expert opinions on these causes and applied Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Logistic Regression (LR) to develop the AQSSPM. Results: Utilizing GA with NBC, project success probability improved from 53.17% to 99.68%, with cost reductions from 0.463% to 0.403%. Similarly, GA with LR increased success rates from 55.52% to 98.99%, and costs decreased from 0.496% to 0.409% after 100 iterations. Both methods result showed a strong positive correlation (rs=0.955) in causes ranking, with no significant difference between them (t=1.195, p=0.240>0.05). Conclusion: The AQSSPM highlights critical focus areas for efficiently and successfully implementing agile-quantum projects considering the cost factor of a particular project. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

Federated Quality Profiling: A quality evaluation of patient monitoring at the Edge

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Federated Quality Profiling: A quality evaluation of patient...

International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC

作者： Alramzana Nujum Navaz Mohamed Adel Serhani Hadeel T. El Kassabi Department of Information Systems and Security College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science Concordia University Montreal Canada

Continuous monitoring of patients involves collecting and analyzing sensory data from a multitude of sources. To overcome communication overhead, ensure data privacy and security, reduce data loss, and maintain efficient resource usage the processing and analytics are moved close to where the data is located (e.g., the Edge). Data quality (DQ) can be degraded because of imprecise or malfunctioning sensors, dynamic changes in the environment, transmission failures, or delays. Therefore, can mislead clinical judgments and cause incorrect actions, if not managed properly. In this paper, inspired by Federated Learning (FL), we propose a novel approach using Federated Data Quality (FDQ) Profiling to assess DQ at the edge considering a global quality profile aggregated based on local profiles. We conducted experiments to evaluate the effect of FDQ profiling on DQ improvement considering the assessment of outlier detection and unbalanced data. The results demonstrated that the improved DQ has a positive impact on the accuracy of four conventional machine learning models.

关键词： Wireless communication Patient monitoring Data privacy Image edge detection Data integrity Machine learning Sensors

Manifold-aware synthesis of high-resolution diffusion from structural imaging

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Anctil-Robitaille, Benoit Théberge, Antoine Jodoin, Pierre-Marc Descoteaux, Maxime Desrosiers, Christian Lombaert, Hervé Department of Computer and Software Engineering ETS Montreal Canada Department of Computer Science Sherbrooke University Canada

The physical and clinical constraints surrounding diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) often limit the spatial resolution of the produced images to voxels up to 8 times larger than those of T1w images. Thus, the detailed information contained in T1w images could help in the synthesis of diffusion images in higher resolution. However, the non-Euclidean nature of diffusion imaging hinders current deep generative models from synthesizing physically plausible images. In this work, we propose the first Riemannian network architecture for the direct generation of diffusion tensors (DT) and diffusion orientation distribution functions (dODFs) from high-resolution T1w images. Our integration of the Log-Euclidean Metric into a learning objective guarantees, unlike standard Euclidean networks, the mathematically-valid synthesis of diffusion. Furthermore, our approach improves the fractional anisotropy mean squared error (FA MSE) between the synthesized diffusion and the ground-truth by more than 23% and the cosine similarity between principal directions by almost 5% when compared to our baselines. We validate our generated diffusion by comparing the resulting tractograms to our expected real data. We observe similar fiber bundles with streamlines having less than 3% difference in length, less than 1% difference in volume, and a visually close shape. While our method is able to generate high-resolution diffusion images from structural inputs in less than 15 seconds, we acknowledge and discuss the limits of diffusion inference solely relying on T1w images. Our results nonetheless suggest a relationship between the high-level geometry of the brain and the overall white matter architecture. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Diffusion

Countering Eavesdroppers with Meta-learning-based Cooperative Ambient Backscatter Communications

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chu, Nam H. Van Huynh, Nguyen Nguyen, Diep N. Hoang, Dinh Thai Gong, Shimin Shu, Tao Dutkiewicz, Eryk Phan, Khoa T. School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University Melbourne Australia

This article introduces a novel lightweight framework using ambient backscattering communications to counter eavesdroppers. In particular, our framework divides an original message into two parts. The first part, i.e., the active-transmit message, is transmitted by the transmitter using conventional RF signals. Simultaneously, the second part, i.e., the backscatter message, is transmitted by an ambient backscatter tag that backscatters upon the active signals emitted by the transmitter. Notably, the backscatter tag does not generate its own signal, making it difficult for an eavesdropper to detect the backscattered signals unless they have prior knowledge of the system. Here, we assume that without decoding/knowing the backscatter message, the eavesdropper is unable to decode the original message. Even in scenarios where the eavesdropper can capture both messages, reconstructing the original message is a complex task without understanding the intricacies of the message-splitting mechanism. A challenge in our proposed framework is to effectively decode the backscattered signals at the receiver, often accomplished using the maximum likelihood (MLK) approach. However, such a method may require a complex mathematical model together with perfect channel state information (CSI). To address this issue, we develop a novel deep meta-learning-based signal detector that can not only effectively decode the weak backscattered signals without requiring perfect CSI but also quickly adapt to a new wireless environment with very little knowledge. Simulation results show that our proposed learning approach, without requiring perfect CSI and complex mathematical model, can achieve a bit error ratio close to that of the MLK-based approach. They also clearly show the efficiency of the proposed approach in dealing with eavesdropping attacks and the lack of training data for deep learning models in practical scenarios. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Backscattering

Statistical Analysis and Design of a New Chaotic Entropy Source for Cryptography and Application to Image Encryption

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Nwachioma, Christian Ngwongwo, Ignatius P. Medaiyese, Olusiji O. Özkaynak, Fatih Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Denver DenverCO80204 United States Department of Mathematics Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo Owerri460114 Nigeria Department of Software Engineering Firat University Anatolia Elaziǧ23119 Turkey Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Louisville KY40292 United States

This work proposes a new deterministic entropy source that is adequately pseudorandom for the design of substitution boxes (s-box) for image encryption applications. The source is a novel multistable chaotic system with a far-reaching ergodicity space that shows high sensitivity to both states and parametric deviations. The series of numbers generated from the source sufficiently pass the various tests for randomness and pseudorandomness as recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. S-boxes are generated based on data from the system and are subjected to further cryptographic analyses, including nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence criterion, equiprobable xor-logic, and security. Specifically, the security analysis tests the robustness of the generated s-boxes on image encryption and decryption based on the cipher block chaining mode. Although each mode implements the so-called data encryption standard, using the proposed entropy source for the generation of s-boxes, initialization vectors, and permutation and resizing tables, the method holds the potential to heighten confusion and diffusion in the ciphertexts as indicated by various Pearson's correlations coefficients. Relevant algorithms are elaborated, and tables of data and graphs of simulations are presented to validate the results. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cryptography