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computer-SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT systems

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： computer Architecture

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ELECTRICALLY INDUCED TRANSMISSIVITY MODULATION IN POLYMERIC THIN-FILM FABRY-PEROT ETALONS

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APPLIED OPTICS 1989年第20期28卷 4442-4445页

作者： ELDERING, CA KOWEL, ST KNOESEN, A []The authors are with University of California Davis Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Organized Research Program on Polymeric Ultrathin Film Systems Davis California 95616

We report the observation of electrically induced changes in transmissivity in Fabry-Perot devices consisting of spin-cast azo-dye/polymer films deposited between gold mirrors. In poled samples the observed modulation shows a linear dependence on the applied modulating voltage. The ratio of the transmissivity modulation observed using incident transverse magnetic polarization to that observed using transverse electric polarization is used to demonstrate that the electrooptic effect dominates the modulation. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported use of a polymeric thin film linear electrooptic material in a Fabry-Perot structure and demonstrates the use of etalons to enhance electrooptic effects in very thin films.

关键词： Electrooptical effects Electrooptical modulators Materials processing Refractive index Thin film applications Thin films

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Biological image understanding

Biological image understanding

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Medical Imaging III: Image Processing 1989

作者： Dunn, Stanley M. Department of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers University P.O. Box 909 PiscatawayNJ08855-0909 United States Laboratory for Computer Science Research Rutgers University Diagnostics Systems Program New Jersey Dental School NewarkNJ United States

The primary goal of any computer vision system is to construct scene descriptions similar to those formed by the human visual system. Biological image understanding is the automatic processing and interpretation of imagery of natural structures. The key constraint is the absence of explicit models of the objects anticipated to be in the scene. A clinician interprets imagery using principles of physiology and the image acquisition process. He learns to construct explicit models to recognize patterns from these principles, but is also able to infer an interpretation of an unknown structure from examples and physiology. Our overall goal is to develop a computer vision system to be used to interpret imagery of biological data using these principles. In this paper we present a paradigm for constructing image understanding systems designed to process natural images and present some applications of the system to hematology and radiography. The first step of our general approach is data acquisition. The second step is to find intrinsic properties at each pixel. The third step is to group pixels together to for homogeneous regions using the intrinsic properties. The final step is object recognition, where object type and location are determined from the quantitative features of the homogeneous regions. We shall outline the algorithms and data structures used at each step in the process, and their implementation. We shall describe in detail a key feature of this paradigm - forming homogeneous regions by geometry guided segmentation. The fact that classical algorithms do not always yield correct results led us to an algorithm that uses structural information and intensity values to group homogeneous regions. We shall illustrate this problem and the solution, as well as preliminary results of the application of the image understanding system. © 1989 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Physiology

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THE QUANTIFICATION OF INTEROPERABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 251-256页

作者： MENSH, DR KITE, RS DARBY, PH Dennis Roy Mensh:is currently the task leader Interoperability Project with the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D. C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of systems analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for 20 years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon systems simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of tools and methodologies that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system/battle force system architecture and engineering problems. Mr. Mensh is a member of ASNE MORS IEEE U.S. Naval Institute MAA and the Sigma Xi Research Society. Robert S. Kite:is a systems engineer with the Naval Warfare Systems Engineering Department of the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. Mr. Kite received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Md. Mr. Kite retired from the Federal Communications Commission in 1979 and served a project manager of the J-12 Frequency Management Support Project for the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute in Annapolis Md. before joining MITRE. Mr. Kite is presently a member of ASNE the Military Operations Research Society and an associate member of Sigma Xi. Paul H. Darby:has worked in the field of interoperability both in the development of interoperability concepts and systems since joining the Department of the Navy in 1967. He was the Navy's program manager for the WestPacNorth TACS/ TADS and IFFN systems. He is currently head of the Interoperability Branch Warfare Systems Engineering Office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. He holds a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy.

JCS Pub 1 defines interoperability as “The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.” With JCS Pub 1 as a foundation, interoperability of systems, units or forces can be factored into a set of components that can quantify interoperability. These components are: media, languages, standards, requirements, environment, procedures, and human factors. The concept described in this paper uses these components as an analysis tool to enable specific detailed analyses of the interoperability of BFC3 systems, units, or forces for the purpose of uncovering and resolving interoperability issues and problems in the U.S. Navy, Joint, and Allied arenas. Also, as a management tool, the components can help determine potential interoperability characteristics of future U.S. Navy BFC3 systems for compliance with battle force systems architectures. The approach selected for the quantification of interoperability was the development of a set of measures of performance (MOPs) and measures of effectiveness (MOEs). The MOPs/MOEs were integrated with a candidate set of components, which were used to partition the totality of interoperability into measurable entities. The methodology described employs basic truth table theory in conjunction with logic equations to evaluate the interoperability components in terms of MOPs that were aggregated to MOEs. It is believed that this concept, although elementary and based on fundamental principles, represents an operationally significant approach rather than a theoretical approach to the quantification of interoperability. The vehicle used as a means to measure the MOPs and MOEs was the Research Evaluation and systems Analysis (RESA) computer modeling and simulation capability at the Naval Ocean systems Center (NOSC), San Diego, Calif. Data for the measurements were collected during a Tactical I

关键词： Military engineering

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THE AEGIS DATA BUS EXPERIMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 53-58页

作者： FRINK, JG VERVEN, DM John G. Frink is an assistant group supervisor in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1968 and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Maryland in 1971. Mr. Frink worked at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory on a variety of weapons systems before joining the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1978. Mr. Frink has supervised the development of a large scale battle group simulation that successfully employs the receiver selection paradigm described herein on a hardware suite composed of an extensible number of (currently 15) processors. David M. Verven is a senior electrical engineer in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1979 and the M. S. degree in the same discipline from The Johns Hopkins University in 1984. Mr. Verven joined the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1979 and initially worked on analysis of Navy sensor systems. In 1981 he was the AN/SPS-49 test team leader for the New Threat Upgrade (NTU) combat system land-based test. In 1982 he became involved in the development of the BBWRS system. Currently he is involved in real-time computer program development for the CEP project.

This paper documents an experiment performed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to measure the effect of inserting a data bus into a combat system. The experiment was conducted at the Aegis computer Center located at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia (NSWC/DL). The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not the Aegis Weapon System (the core of the Aegis Combat System) could be operated with a portion of its point-to-point interelement cables replaced by a data bus. The data bus chosen for the experiment employs message broadcasting with receiver selection. A primary goal of the experiment was to minimize the amount of Aegis computer program changes required to accommodate the data bus. The results presented in this paper will show that the experiment was a success. Key certification tests were passed with no computer program changes to the tactical elements and minimal changes in the Aegis tactical executive (ATES) program (less than 110 words changed).

关键词： Data Transmission Equipment

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An automated medical record system for a skilled nursing facility

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Journal of Medical systems 1987年第5期11卷 367-380页

作者： Weiler, Philip G. Thorpe, Linda Walters, Richard Chiriboga, David From the Department of Community Health Center for Aging and Health United States the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Computer Science University of California Davis United States D-M Information Systems Inc. United States the Clinical Gerontology Program School of Allied Health Sciences University of Texas United States

This paper reports on the development of an on-line automated medical record system suitable for nursing homes. The software was written in standard MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utilities Multi-programming System) and is easy for the first-time user to operate. The data managed by the system may be divided into four major components, including text tables, the hierarchical problem dictionary, the patient admission data, and the care plan data. The system met all of the project's objectives and has been enthusiastically received by the nursing home staff. © 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

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MASTER ORDNANCE REPAIR APPLIED - STANDARD ITEM 009-67

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 35-42页

作者： STIMSON, WA MARSH, MT UTTICH, RM William A. Stimsonreceived his B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1964 and his M.S. degree in engineering from the University of Santa Clara in 1971. He served in the U.S. Army Artillery during the Korean Conflict and subsequently was employed at IBM Huntsville Alabama until 1968 where he worked in the design of automatic control systems of the Saturn vehicle. From 1968 until 1971 he was employed at Ames Research Center Moffett Field in the design of nonlinear control systems for sounding rockets and pencil-shaped spacecraft. Following this Mr. Stimson worked at Hewlett Packard Sunnyvale California as a test engineer in automatic test systems. Since 1973 Mr. Stimson has been employed at the Naval Ship Weapon Systems Engineering Station Port Hueneme. He was a ship qualification trials project supervisor for many years and is now serving as master ordnance repair deputy program manager. Mr. Stimson is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and is program chairman of the Channel Islands Section. Cdr. Michael T. Marsh USNreceived a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Nebraska and was commissioned via the NESEP program in 1970. He holds an M.S. in computer science from the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School and an MBA from the State University of New York. Cdr. Marsh has served in the weapons department of USSFrancis Hammond (FF-1067) and of USSJohn S. McCain (DDG-36). He was weapons officer aboard USSSampson (DDG-10). As an engineering duty officer Cdr. Marsh was the technical design officer for PMS-399 at the FFG-7 Class Combat System Test Center from 1978 to 1982. He is presently combat system officer at SupShip Jacksonville and has been active in the MOR program since its inception. Cdr. Marsh is also the vice chairman of the Jacksonville Section of ASNE. LCdr. Richard M. Uttich USNholds B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from Stanford University. He enlisted in the Navy in 1965 serving as an electronics technician aboard USSNereus (A

The 600-ship United States Navy offers private shipyards an unprecedented opportunity for overhaul of surface combatants with complex combat systems. Recognizing the new challenge associated with the overhaul of high technology combat systems in the private sector, the Navy in 1983 established the master ordnance repair (MOR) program. This program, a joint effort of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Shipbuilders Council of America (SCA), was designed to identify and qualify those companies and private shipyards technically capable of managing combat systems work and conducting combat system testing. Standard Item 009–67 describes the role of the MOR company in combat system overhaul. It defines terms that are important to understanding the item itself, and imposes upon the prime contractor an obligation to utilize the MOR subcontractor in a managerial capacity. Specific tasks are assigned to the MOR company in planning, production, and testing. Finally, this standard item describes to the Navy planner how to estimate the size of the MOR team appropriate to the work package, a feature that will ensure that combat system bids are tailored to a specific availability.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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CONVEXITY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTIMAL POLICIES IN A DYNAMIC ROUTING PROBLEM

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JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1984年第1期44卷 105-136页

作者： TSITSIKLIS, JN Doctoral Student Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts

An infinite horizon, expected average cost, dynamic routing problem is formulated for a simple failure-prone queueing system, modelled as a continuous time, continuous state controlled stochastic process. We prove that the optimal average cost is independent of the initial state and that the cost-to-go functions of dynamic programming are convex. These results, together with a set of optimality conditions, lead to the conclusion that optimal policies are switching policies, characterized by a set of switching curves (or regions), each curve corresponding to a particular state of the nodes (servers).

关键词： Stochastic control unreliable queueing systems average cost jump disturbances

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ARCTIC TRAFFICABILITY program - A REVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 169-175页

作者： VOELKER, R GLEN, IF SEIBOLD, F BAYLY, I Richard Voelker:is Vice President of ARCTEC Incorporated a firm specializing in cold regions technology. He has been responsible for the management of thePolarClass Traffic-ability Program since its inception and annually participates in the field data collection in the Arctic. His prior experience includes positions with the U.S. Coast Guard in the icebreaker design project the Military Sealift Command and at Newport News Shipbuilding. He is a graduate of N. Y.S. Maritime College and has a MS degree from the University of Michigan. I.F. Glen:received his professional degrees in naval architecture from the Royal Naval Engineering College Manadon Plymouth and RN College Greenwich London entering the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors in 1967. After serving as a Constructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy's Far East Fleet for a short period he joined the Polaris submarine project team in Bath England in 1968. In 1971 he was seconded to the Canadian Department of National Defense in Ottawa as a Constructor Lieutenant Commander under NATO exchange arrangements where he had responsibilities initially for conventional submarines and latterly for computer aided conceptual design. He ventured to Bath England in 1974 and joined Forward Design Group. In 1975 he took a position as a civilian engineer in the Canadian Defense Department and was Head of Hull Systems Engineering from 1977 to 1979. He joined ARCTEC CANADA LIMITED in 1980 and in addition to managing ice model testing projects and full scale trials has specialized in structural response of ships to ice impact. He headed ARCTEC's Kanata Laboratory from 1981 to 1983 when he was promoted to president. Frederick Seibold:is a research program manager with the Maritime Administration's Office of Advanced Ship Development and Technology. He is responsible for the marine science program which includes research in the areas of ship powering structures and propeller performance and Arctic technology. Mr. Seibold has been employed by Mar Ad since 1961 having hel

This paper describes a multiyear program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round Arctic marine transportation system to serve Alaska. Specifically, the three objectives were to: collect meteorological and ice data along potential marine routes; instrument the hull and propulsion machinery to improve design critera for ice-worthy ships; and demonstrate that ships can operate in midwinter Alaskan Arctic ice conditions. The U.S. Coast Guard's Polar class icebreakers were used to make the operational assessment by annually extending the route northward and by operating throughout the winter season. This paper reviews some of the operational and technical achievements to date, as well as plans for future Arctic deployments.

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