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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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PA-Star2: Fast Optimal Multiple Sequence Alignment for Asymmetric Multicore Processors

PA-Star2: Fast Optimal Multiple Sequence Alignment for Asymm...

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33rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing, PDP 2025

作者： Sundfeld, Daniel Teodoro, George Melo, Alba C. M. A. Faculty of Science & Tech. in Engineering Brasilia Brazil Department of Computer Science Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Computer Science Brasilia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331524937

Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is an important operation in Bioinformatics, used to simultaneously compare 3 or more sequences. The MSA problem was proven NP-Hard, so strategies have been proposed to reduce the search space and solve it in parallel. Recently, asymmetric multicore processors (AMPs) have become popular, with performance and energy-efficient cores, like the P-Cores and E-cores from Intel. However, parallel MSA applications have complex access patterns and adapting them for AMPs can be challenging. In this paper, we propose PA-Star21, an asymmetric-aware strategy based on A-Star, which computes optimal MSAs taking asymmetry into account when distributing the search space among threads. Our experimental results show that the proposed optimizations can reduce considerably the average execution time of PA-Star2 achieving a speedup of up to 7.70×. We also show that the asymmetric-aware strategy can reduce the average execution time for one of the hardest sequences set from the BAliBASE benchmark, when compared to the symmetric counterpart. Finally, we show that our approach is energy-efficient.11PA-Star2 is open source and the code is publicly available at1PA-Star2 is open source and the code is publicly available at https://***/danielsundfeld/astar_msa © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Parallel architectures

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Remote Sensing Scene Classification Based on Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Module

Remote Sensing Scene Classification Based on Hybrid Convolut...

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2025 International Conference on Advancement in Data science, E-learning and Information System, ICADEIS 2025

作者： Kardawi, Muhammad Yusuf Gunawan, Alexander Agung Santoso Bina Nusantara University Profesional Engineer Program Faculty of Engineering Jakarta11480 Indonesia Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513320

Remote sensing images present classification challenges due to the complexity of their structural and spatial patterns. This research explores a hybrid approach that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and attention through feature fusion to improve scene classification accuracy in remote sensing images. The proposed architecture utilizes EfficientNet and VGGNet to extract depth features separately. The extracted features are then integrated with Dynamic Selfattention (DSA), which dynamically focuses the model on the most relevant information in the image. DSA allows the model to adaptively assign weights to different parts of the image, thus improving the discriminative ability of the model. Furthermore, a feature fusion technique is applied to combine information from different layers of the CNN and DSA modules. Experiments conducted on the UC Merced dataset showed accuracies of 0.9181 and 0.9167. These results show that the combination of CNN, DSA, and feature fusion is an effective and robust approach for remote sensing image classification. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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AI-Driven Transcription and Analysis for Medical Conversations 2

AI-Driven Transcription and Analysis for Medical Conversatio...

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Pisal, Tejas Hajare, Rasika Verma, Prateek Gote, Pradnyawant M. Jiet, Mosses Chaudhri, Shiv Nath Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science & Design Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Maharashtra Wardha442001 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

This paper presents an advanced system that integrates Google's Speech Recognition API with the Gemini-l.5-flash model to improve audio processing and response generation, particularly in the context of healthcare communication. The system is designed to transcribe audio files of doctor-patient conversations accurately and generate contextually relevant responses using AI. A user-friendly interface, developed with Tkinter, allows seamless uploading and processing of these audio files. The integration of these technologies aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of automated response systems, thereby improving patient-provider communication. The system's capabilities were evaluated using real-world healthcare datasets, demonstrating its potential to streamline the workflow from audio input to meaningful textual output. This work not only showcases the practical application of AI in healthcare but also lays the groundwork for future innovations in automated medical communication systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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The Intersection of Genetics and Neuroimaging: A Systematic Review of Imaging Genetics in Neurological Disease for Personalized Treatment

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Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2025年第2期75卷 1-26页

作者： Mashhour, Mahinaz A. Youssef, Ibrahim Wahed, Manal Abdel Mabrouk, Mai S. Biomedical Engineering Department Misr University for Science and Technology Giza Egypt Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department Cairo University Giza Egypt Center for Informatics Science (CIS) School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt

Imaging genetics is one of the important keys to precision medicine that leads to personalized treatment based on a patient’s genetics, phenotype, or psychosocial characteristics. It deepens the understanding of the mechanisms through which genetic variations contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders. This systematic review overviews the methods and applications of imaging genetics in the context of neurological diseases, mentioning its potential role in personalized medicine. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically analyzes 28 studies integrating genetic and neuroimaging data to explore disease mechanisms and their implications for precision medicine. Selected research included multiple neurological disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and others. Voxel-based morphometry was the most common imaging technique, while frequently examined genetic variants included APOE, C9orf72, MAPT, GRN, COMT, and BDNF. Associations between these variants and regional gray matter loss (e.g., frontal, temporal, or subcortical regions) suggest that genetic risk factors play a key role in disease pathophysiology. Integrating genetic and neuroimaging analyses enhances our understanding of disease mechanisms and supports advancements in precision medicine. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Imaging genetics Neurological diseases Precision medicine Radiogenomics Voxel-based morphometry

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The integrated lot-sizing problem of production, remanufacturing and transportation, considering recovery targets

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Journal of Remanufacturing 2025年第1期15卷 127-149页

作者： Vidal, Luciana Piñeyro, Pedro Viera, Omar Department of Operations Research Institute of Computer Science (InCo) Faculty of Engineering Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay

This paper considers a hybrid production-remanufacturing system of a single product, composed of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a set of customers/retailers, operating under collection and remanufacturing targets. For this kind of production system, we address the problem of simultaneously determining the sizes of the lots of production, remanufacturing and transportation to and from customers, in order to meet their demand on time and collect used products to be remanufactured. Set-up and unit costs are incurred for the three activities, and unit costs for holding inventory for both used and serviceable items in the OEM but also in the customers. Recovery targets are stated as lower bounds on the number of used products that must be collected and remanufactured by the OEM. We provide a mixed integer-linear programming formulation for the problem and suggest a solution procedure based on the metaheuristic of Tabu Search. We propose and evaluate several variants of the heuristic procedure by extending a well-known set of instances from the literature. The suggested procedures are compared against a state-of-the-art optimization solver, under different parameter settings of interest such as set-up costs, inventory holding costs and recovery targets. The results obtained from the numerical experimentation allow us to conclude that at least one of the variants of the proposed heuristic is effective both in cost and running time, even outperforming the optimization solver for some of the large instances. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

关键词： Closed-loop supply chain Integrated production and transportation Lot-sizing Metaheuristics Recovery targets Remanufacturing

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Agricultural consumer Internet of Things devices: Methods for optimizing data aggregation

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 125卷 692-699页

作者： Mengash, Hanan Abdullah Mahgoub, Hany Alshuhail, Asma Darem, Abdulbasit A. Majdoubi, Jihen Yafoz, Ayman Alsini, Raed Alghushairy, Omar Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal University Saudi Arabia Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar73213 Saudi Arabia Engineering and Technology Unit Applied College Majmaah University Al Majmaah11952 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

With the advent of state-of-the-art computer and digital technology, modern civilisation has been immensely facilitated and optimised. The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown in importance in recent years, allowing us to monitor our physical environments and broadening our horizons. The "practice, science, or art" of farming is defined as tending to land, growing crops with the use of different tools and techniques, and then selling the harvested food. If farmers optimise their operations with the help of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), they will be able to work much more efficiently and effectively. Data aggregation involves collecting information from multiple sensors. The data aggregation process is optimised by applying metaheuristic techniques. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a method for modelling evolution that uses mutation, crossover, and natural selection as its building blocks. The key benefit of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) approach is that it simultaneously considers local and global search, and it doesn't get trapped calculating its local minima. Naturalistic algorithms like ALO model their hunting behaviour after that of ant-lions and doodlebugs. It manages to find a happy medium between exploration and exploitation with just one operator. Experimental evidences show that the proposed metaheuristic technique, ABC-ALO, which combines the best elements of Artificial Bee Colony and Ant Lion Optimisation, is superior to existing metaheuristic approaches in terms of lifetime computation, or the number of alive nodes at different round counts. © 2025

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Designing Quantum-Resilient Blockchain Frameworks: Enhancing Transactional Security with Quantum Algorithms in Decentralized Ledgers

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International Journal of Advanced computer science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 618-628页

作者： Kale, Meenal R. Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Sathiya, L. Burugari, Vijay Kumar Yulduz, Erkiniy Muniyandy, Elangovan Alanazi, Rakan Department of Humanities Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Hingna Nagpur India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of CSE Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Biosciences-Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha Saudi Arabia

Quantum computing is progressing at a fast rate and there is a real threat that classical cryptographic methods can be compromised and therefore impact the security of blockchain networks. All of the ways used to secure blockchain like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256) are the characteristic of the traditional cryptographic techniques vulnerable to attack by quantum algorithms: Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms: can efficiently break asymmetric encryption and speed up brute force attacks. Because of this vulnerability, there exists a need to develop an advance quantum resilient blockchain framework to protect the decentralized ledgers from the future threats of the quantum. This research proposes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) as a formidable architectural integration, to fortify security of blockchain. Classical encryption is replaced with PQC, QKD with secure key exchange by detecting eavesdropping, and QRNG with improving cryptographic randomness to remove the predictable key vulnerability. Only with a small loss of transaction efficiency, we increase transaction encryption accuracy, key exchange security, and resistance to quantum attacks. In this quantum enhanced blockchain design, the idea is to preserve the decentralization, transparency and security and at the same time overcome the future quantum threat. By going through rigorous analysis and comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that the approach saves blockchain networks from the emerging quantum risks to make sure that the decentralized finance, smart contracts and cross chain transactions. © (2025), (science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Enhanced Small Lesion Detection on Grape Leaves Using Optimized YOLOv7 3

Enhanced Small Lesion Detection on Grape Leaves Using Optimi...

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3rd International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication systems, ICICACS 2025

作者： Mahalakshmi, S. Gandhi, Jay Prabakaran, V. Rastogi, Shailesh Chennai Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kundrathur Chennai India Faculty of Engineering and Technology Parul University Department of Computer science and Engineering Vadodara India Pune India Department of Finance Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508456

The detection of small lesions on grape leaves plays a pivotal role in the early identification and management of plant diseases, potentially reducing significant agricultural losses. Traditional detection systems, including advanced versions such as YOLOv7, often overlook small target diseases due to resolution constraints and inadequate feature extraction capabilities. Addressing this, our research enhances the YOLOv7 architecture by incorporating a specialized prediction branch and leveraging an improved channel attention mechanism in conjunction with an Extended-Efficient Long-range Attention Network (E-ELAN). Firstly, a new detection head specifically designed for small targets enhances the resolution capabilities of the system. Secondly, the integration of asymmetric convolution into the E-ELAN facilitates refined multi-scale feature extraction, critical for distinguishing minute pathological changes. Further, we enhance the model's sensitivity to small-scale features through a revamped channel attention mechanism. Moreover, we replace the conventional Complete Intersection over Union (CIoU) with a Structured Intersection over Union (SIoU) in the loss function, significantly improving the model's localization accuracy. Experimental results from testing the optimized YOLOv7 on a dataset of grape leaves affected by three prevalent diseases show an average accuracy improvement of 2.7%, achieving a remarkable 93.5%. This substantiates our model's efficacy in enhancing small lesion detection, thereby contributing effectively to early disease intervention strategies in viticulture. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： asymmetric convolution channel attention mechanism plant disease diagnostics small lesion detection YOLOv7

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A Novel Hybrid CNN-LSTM Framework with Ant Colony Optimization for Robust Fake News Detection

A Novel Hybrid CNN-LSTM Framework with Ant Colony Optimizati...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Santosh Kumar, B. Viji, M. Gowtham, T. Sekar, G. Sharmila, S. Saravanan, M. New Horizon College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bengaluru560103 India E.G.S. Pillay Engineering Engineering Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Nagapattinam611002 India P.A. College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Pollachi642002 India Vsb College Of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Technical Campus Coimbatore642109 India Sir Issac Newton College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nagapattinam6111002 India Sri Eshwar college of engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Coimbatore641202 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

In the digital age, the spread of fake news has become ubiquitous: it weakens public speech and weakens public trust. In this paper we propose a novel method of detecting fake news using a deep learning framework. To do text analysis, we propose a hybrid model that incorporates Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Network by utilizing on the strengths of each for effective text analysis. However, the LSTM layer is good in learning the context and sequence of the text, and the CNN component beats in extracting local and spatial details in textual data. The effectiveness of the proposed work is tested on a comprehensive data set of news sources (covering different sources, from different countries, and labeled for authenticity). We trained and evaluated the model on this dataset which mainly included features of linguistic and semantic nature to differentiate between genuine and fake news. We show that our results exhibit the biggest accuracy, precision, recall, and Fl-score improvement over old models. Automated fake news detection is a growing field, and this research proposes a robust and scalable solution to cut off the spread of misinformation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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