Wearable technology is expanding rapidly in recent year. It is used in many applications in various domains, including affective computing. Affective computing is all about understanding and responding to human emotio...
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Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) is so crucial for security. Current ASI systems perform well in quiet and clean surroundings. However, in noisy situations, the robustness of an ASI system against additive noise...
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Automatic Speaker Identification (ASI) is so crucial for security. Current ASI systems perform well in quiet and clean surroundings. However, in noisy situations, the robustness of an ASI system against additive noise and interference is a crucial factor. An investigation of the impact of interference on ASI system performance is presented in this paper, which introduces algorithms for achieving high ASI system performance. The objective is to resist the interference of various forms. This paper presents two models for the ASI task in the presence of interference. The first one depends on Normalized Pitch Frequency (NPF) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) as extracted features and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as a classifier. In this model, we investigate the utilization of a Discrete Transform (DT), such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Sine Transform (DST), to increase the robustness of extracted features against different types of degradation through exploiting the sub-band decomposition characteristics of DWT and the energy compaction property of DCT and DST. This is achieved by extracting features directly from contaminated speech signals in addition to features extracted from discrete transformed signals to create hybrid feature vectors. The enhancement techniques, such as Spectral Subtraction (SS), Winer Filter, and adaptive Wiener filter, are used in a preprocessing stage to eliminate the effect of the interference on the ASI system. In the second model, we investigate the utilization of Deep Learning (DL) based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with speech signal spectrograms and their Radon transforms to increase the robustness of the ASI system against interference effects. One of this paper goals is to introduce a comparison between the two models and build a more robust ASI system against severe interference. The experimental results indicate that the two proposed models lead to satisfa
Ovarian cancer is a global health concern due to the unavailability of an effective screening strategy and is often diagnosed at a late stage with approximately 70% of the case which reduces the survival chances of pa...
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The purpose of this article is to propose Stability-based Energy-Efficient Link-State Hybrid Routing(S-ELHR),a low latency routing proto-col that aims to provide a stable mechanism for routing in unmanned aerial vehic...
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The purpose of this article is to propose Stability-based Energy-Efficient Link-State Hybrid Routing(S-ELHR),a low latency routing proto-col that aims to provide a stable mechanism for routing in unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV).The S-ELHR protocol selects a number of network nodes to create a Connected Dominating Set(CDS)using a parameter known as the Stability Metric(SM).The SM considers the node’s energy usage,connectivity time,and node’s *** the highest SM nodes are chosen to form *** node declares a Willingness to indicate that it is prepared to serve as a relay for its neighbors,by employing its own energy state.S-ELHR is a hybrid protocol that stores only partial topological information and routing tables on CDS *** of relying on the routing information at each intermediary node,it uses source routing,in which a route is generated on-demand,and data packets contain the addresses of the nodes the packet will transit.A route recovery technique is additionally utilized,which first locates a new route to the destination before forwarding packets along *** simulation for various network sizes and mobility speeds,the efficiency of S-ELHR is *** findings demonstrate that S-ELHR performs better than Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR)and Energy Enhanced OLSR(EE-OLSR)in terms of packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,and energy consumption.
Over the last couple of decades,community question-answering sites(CQAs)have been a topic of much academic *** have often leveraged traditional machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)to explore the ever-growing volu...
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Over the last couple of decades,community question-answering sites(CQAs)have been a topic of much academic *** have often leveraged traditional machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)to explore the ever-growing volume of content that CQAs *** clarify the current state of the CQA literature that has used ML and DL,this paper reports a systematic literature *** goal is to summarise and synthesise the major themes of CQA research related to(i)questions,(ii)answers and(iii)*** final review included 133 *** research themes include question quality,answer quality,and expert *** terms of dataset,some of the most widely studied platforms include Yahoo!Answers,Stack Exchange and Stack *** scope of most articles was confined to just one platform with few cross-platform *** with ML outnumber those with ***,the use of DL in CQA research is on an upward trajectory.A number of research directions are proposed.
Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement...
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Extensive efforts have been made in designing large multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)arrays. Nevertheless, improvements in conventional antenna characteristics cannot ensure significant MIMO performance improvement in realistic multipath environments. Array decorrelation techniques have been proposed, achieving correlation reductions by either tilting the antenna beams or shifting the phase centers away from each other. Hence, these methods are mainly limited to MIMO terminals with small arrays. To avoid such problems, this work proposes a decorrelation optimization technique based on phase correcting surface(PCS)that can be applied to large MIMO arrays, enhancing their MIMO performances in a realistic(non-isotropic)multipath environment. First, by using a near-field channel model and an optimization algorithm, a near-field phase distribution improving the MIMO capacity is obtained. Then the PCS(consisting of square elements)is used to cover the array's aperture, achieving the desired near-field phase *** examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this PCS-based near-field optimization technique. One is a1 × 4 dual-polarized patch array(working at 2.4 GHz)covered by a 2 × 4 PCS with 0.6λ center-to-center distance. The other is a 2 × 8 dual-polarized dipole array, for which a 4 × 8 PCS with 0.4λ center-to-center distance is designed. Their MIMO capacities can be effectively enhanced by 8% and 10% in single-cell and multi-cell scenarios, respectively. The PCS has insignificant effects on mutual coupling, matching, and the average radiation efficiency of the patch array, and increases the antenna gain by about 2.5 dB while keeping broadside radiations to ensure good cellular coverage, which benefits the MIMO performance of the *** proposed technique offers a new perspective for improving large MIMO arrays in realistic multipath in a statistical sense.
Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that affects the knee joint that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is also known as "Degenerative Joint Disease" and is caused ...
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Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that affects the knee joint that causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is also known as "Degenerative Joint Disease" and is caused by the degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint, leading to bone-on-bone contact and further damage. Knee OA is prevalent in the population, affecting around 22% to 39% of people in India, and there is currently no treatment available that can halt the progression of the disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of symptoms are essential to reduce its impact on an individual’s quality of life. To address this issue, have introduced a framework that leverages ConvNeXt architecture, a modernization of ResNets (ResNet-50) architecture towards Hierarchical Transformers (Swin Transformers), to provide accurate identification and classification of knee osteoarthritis. The classification of knee osteoarthritis was done using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) graded X-ray images. These images of the damaged knees are preprocessed and augmented, creating a scaled, enhanced, and varied version of the features, thus making the data fitter and more significant for classification. The performance estimation of the proposed strategy is conducted on the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a research project focused on knee osteoarthritis that works in partnership with NIH and other private industries to develop a public domain dataset that can facilitate research and evaluation. It involves training the prepared data using various hyper-tuned versions of ConvNeXt. The different fine-tuned results of the ConvNeXt models on each KL Grade are evaluated against the other state-of-the-art models and vision transformers. The comparative assessment of widely used performance measures shows that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional models by generating the highest score for all the KL grades. Lastly, an approach is employed to statistically confirm the validity of t
This paper addresses the critical challenge of privacy in Online Social Networks(OSNs),where centralized designs compromise user *** propose a novel privacy-preservation framework that integrates blockchain technology...
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This paper addresses the critical challenge of privacy in Online Social Networks(OSNs),where centralized designs compromise user *** propose a novel privacy-preservation framework that integrates blockchain technology with deep learning to overcome these *** methodology employs a two-tier architecture:the first tier uses an elitism-enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm(ePSOGSA)for optimizing feature selection,while the second tier employs an enhanced Non-symmetric Deep Autoencoder(e-NDAE)for anomaly ***,a blockchain network secures users’data via smart contracts,ensuring robust data *** tested on the NSL-KDD dataset,our framework achieves 98.79%accuracy,a 10%false alarm rate,and a 98.99%detection rate,surpassing existing *** integration of blockchain and deep learning not only enhances privacy protection in OSNs but also offers a scalable model for other applications requiring robust security measures.
Ovarian cysts are one of the most common gynecologic disorders encountered in clinical practice. The pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan is a commonly employed examination method used to detect ovarian cyst, which sh...
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Wireless sensor network is a rapidly growing and challenging field as they are constrained by energy utilization, computation cost, network capacity, and security. Hence conventional network security schemes cannot be...
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