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5th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication, ICOSEC 2024

作者： Thamaraiselvi, K. Pushpalatha, A. Chidambarathanu, K. Wankhede, Jaishri P. Alagumuthukrishnan, S. Sarveshwaran, Velliangiri New Horizon College of Engineering Department of Information Science and Engineering Bangalore India Karpagam College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Design Coimbatore India R.M.K. Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Kavaraipettai India Cmr Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Kattankulathur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504403

Internet of Things (IoT) systems develop with paramount importance for security in view of the increased deployment of IoT devices over critical sectors like healthcare, industry automation, and smart cities. The risk exposure of such systems is extremely high to potent cyber threats, including those that may result in data integrity and privacy issues and operational unreliability. Security in IoT systems has thus emerged through heterogeneous integration with blockchain and artificial intelligence models. This blockchain technology provides a decentralized, immutable ledger for secure data transactions. AI models, especially those designed by anomaly detection and prediction algorithms, can identify and mitigate cyber threats. In this paper, the authors propose the SecureChainAI model that synergistically integrates artificial intelligence algorithms with blockchain to safeguard IoT environments. The two core building blocks that will make this proposed model real are CaSNet and the EchoChain algorithm. The CaSNet model integrates LSTM, RNN, and GRU techniques with novelty detection for proficient attack prediction and detection using their peculiar capabilities in sequential data handling and the identification of novel attack patterns. The EchoChain algorithm puts blockchain technology into the IoT infrastructure to provide security in communication and integrity of the values. This makes the architecture lightweight, shifting computational loads to the collector node, and hence suitable for IoT devices with low computational resources. Evaluations of the performance necessary to detect different classes of cyberattacks using SecureChainAI have improved on the detection accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and reduced error rates. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Privacy preserving large language models: ChatGPT case study based vision and framework

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2024年第S1期4卷 706-724页

作者： Ullah, Imdad Hassan, Najm Gill, Sukhpal Singh Suleiman, Basem Ahanger, Tariq Ahamed Shah, Zawar Qadir, Junaid Kanhere, Salil S. School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Higher Colleges of Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Management Information Systems Department College of Business Administration Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Sydney International School of Technology and Commerce SydneyNSW Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Sydney Australia

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical information such as context, specific details, identifying information, use this information in the training process, and generate responses for the requested queries. The extracted data also contain sensitive information, seriously threatening user privacy and reluctance to use such tools. This article proposes the conceptual model called PrivChatGPT, a privacy-preserving model for LLMs consisting of two main components, that is, preserving user privacy during the data curation/pre-processing and preserving private context and the private training process for large-scale data. To demonstrate the applicability of PrivChatGPT, it is shown how a private mechanism could be integrated into the existing model for training LLMs to protect user privacy;specifically, differential privacy and private training using Reinforcement Learning (RL) were employed. The privacy level probabilities are associated with the document contents, including the private contextual information, and with metadata, which is used to evaluate the disclosure probability loss for an individual's private information. The privacy loss is measured and the measure of uncertainty or randomness is evaluated using entropy once differential privacy is applied. It recursively evaluates the level of privacy guarantees and the uncertainty of public databases and resources during each update when new information is added for training purposes. To critically evaluate the use of differential privacy for private LLMs, other mechanisms were hypothetically compared such as Blockchain, private information retrieval, randomisation, obfuscation, anonymisation, and the use of Tor for various performance measures such as the model performance and accuracy, computational complexity, privacy vs. utility, training latency, vulnerability to attacks, and

关键词： Blockchain

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Metaheuristic Optimization for Mobile Robot Navigation Based on Path Planning

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2241-2255页

作者： El-Sayed M.El-kenawy Zeeshan Shafi Khan Abdelhameed Ibrahim Bandar Abdullah Aloyaydi Hesham Arafat Ali Ali E.Takieldeen Department of Communications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Delta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura35712Egypt Computer Science Department College of Engineering and Computer ScienceMustaqbal UniversityBuraidahSaudi Arabia Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Mechanical Engineering Qassim UniversityBuraidah51452Saudi Arabia

Recently,the path planning problem may be considered one of the most interesting researched topics in autonomous *** is why finding a safe path in a cluttered environment for a mobile robot is a significant requisite.A promising route planning for mobile robots on one side saves time and,on the other side,reduces the wear and tear on the robot,saving the capital *** route planning methods for the mobile robot have been developed and *** to our best knowledge,no method offers an optimum solution among the existing *** Swarm Optimization(PSO),a numerical optimization method based on the mobility of virtual particles in a multidimensional space,is considered one of the best algorithms for route planning under constantly changing environmental *** the researchers,reactive methods are increasingly common and extensively used for the training of neural networks in order to have efficient route planning for mobile *** paper proposes a PSO Weighted Grey Wolf Optimization(PSOWGWO)*** is a hybrid algorithm based on enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)with *** order to measure the statistical efficiency of the proposed algorithm,Wilcoxon rank-sum and ANOVA statistical tests are *** experimental results demonstrate a 25%to 45%enhancement in terms of Area Under Curve(AUC).Moreover,superior performance in terms of data size,path planning time,and accuracy is demonstrated over other state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Mobile robot swarm optimization robot route planning neural networks

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NLP Research: A Historical Survey and Current Trends in Global, Indic, and Gujarati Languages 4

NLP Research: A Historical Survey and Current Trends in Glob...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Panchal, Brijeshkumar Y. Shah, Apurva The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Faculty of Technology and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering Department Gujarat Vadodara India Computer Engineering Department Gujarat Anand India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

This research study presents a comprehensive survey of Natural Language Processing (NLP) research, tracing its historical evolution from its inception to the present. The survey explores the key milestones and advancements in NLP, focusing on global trends, as well as specific contributions from Indic languages, with a particular focus on Gujarati. The paper analyzes the current state of Gujarati NLP research, identifying existing gaps and challenges. By providing a comprehensive overview of NLP research, this study aims to guide future research directions and foster advancements in the field, particularly in the context of Indic languages. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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An Investigation on Open-RAN Specifications:Use Cases,Security Threats,Requirements,Discussions

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 13-41页

作者： Heejae Park Tri-HaiNguyen Laihyuk Park Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoul01811Republic of Korea Faculty of Information Technology School of TechnologyVan Lang UniversityHo Chi Minh City70000Vietnam

The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS),and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure ***,the Open Radio Access Network(O-RAN)has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in Beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G networks.O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional *** disaggregating conventional Base Band Units(BBUs)into O-RAN Distributed Units(O-DU)and O-RAN Centralized Units(O-CU),O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network ***,this openness introduces new security challenges compared to traditional *** existing studies overlook these security requirements of the O-RAN *** gain deeper insights into the O-RAN system and security,this paper first provides an overview of the general O-RAN architecture and its diverse use cases relevant to B5G and 6G *** then delve into specifications of O-RAN security threats and requirements,aiming to mitigate security vulnerabilities *** providing a comprehensive understanding of O-RAN architecture,use cases,and security considerations,thisworkserves as a valuable resource for future research in O-RAN and its security.

关键词： O-RAN architecture use cases security issues security requirements security discussions

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Remote Sensing Scene Classification Based on Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Module

Remote Sensing Scene Classification Based on Hybrid Convolut...

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2025 International Conference on Advancement in Data science, E-learning and Information System, ICADEIS 2025

作者： Kardawi, Muhammad Yusuf Gunawan, Alexander Agung Santoso Bina Nusantara University Profesional Engineer Program Faculty of Engineering Jakarta11480 Indonesia Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513320

Remote sensing images present classification challenges due to the complexity of their structural and spatial patterns. This research explores a hybrid approach that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and attention through feature fusion to improve scene classification accuracy in remote sensing images. The proposed architecture utilizes EfficientNet and VGGNet to extract depth features separately. The extracted features are then integrated with Dynamic Selfattention (DSA), which dynamically focuses the model on the most relevant information in the image. DSA allows the model to adaptively assign weights to different parts of the image, thus improving the discriminative ability of the model. Furthermore, a feature fusion technique is applied to combine information from different layers of the CNN and DSA modules. Experiments conducted on the UC Merced dataset showed accuracies of 0.9181 and 0.9167. These results show that the combination of CNN, DSA, and feature fusion is an effective and robust approach for remote sensing image classification. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Smart Hybrid Mini-Xception Model and Eyebrow Displacement-Based Stress Level and Emotion Detection System 12th

Smart Hybrid Mini-Xception Model and Eyebrow Displacement-Ba...

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Bhuvana, S. Anantha Prabha, P. Deva Priya, M. Christy Jeba Malar, A. Karthick, S. School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Delhi - NCR Campus SRM Institute of Science and Technology Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819789450

Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain due to adversative or challenging situations. A human may undergo bad life experiences or events, and it is a significant issue to be dealt in today's society. It comes as a result of family situations, health concerns, work environments and people's behavior among other things. It affects people of various ages, including children, teenagers, middle-aged people and senior citizens. It has serious consequences affecting human body and life. These problems can be addressed by detecting mental stress at an early stage. The main goal of the propounded system is to identify human stress using a pre-trained Mini-Xception model. Additional measures such as eye moments, mouth activity and head motion are employed for determining the level of human stress. FER2013 dataset is used and the system is tested for all kinds of emotions. Human stress level is experimented by capturing video using webcam. From the experimental outcomes, it is evident that the proposed system offers better performance in terms of Precision, Accuracy, Specificity and Sensitivity in contrast to traditional methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Eyebrow displacement FER2013 dataset Mini-Xception model Stress detection

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Multilayer perceptron ensembles in a truly sparse training context

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-20页

作者： van der Wal, Peter R. D. Strisciuglio, Nicola Azzopardi, George Mocanu, Decebal Constatin Information Systems Group Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen Nijenborgh 9 Groningen9747 AG Netherlands Data Management and Biometrics Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Hallenweg 19 Enschede7522 NH Netherlands Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Technology and Medicine University of Luxembourg Maison du Nombre 6 avenue de la Fonte Esch4364 Luxembourg

Ensemble learning for artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an effective method to enhance predictive performance. However, ANNs are computationally and memory intensive, and naively training multiple networks can lead to excessive training times and costs. An effective tool for improving ensemble efficiency is introducing topological sparsity. Even though several implementations of efficient ensembles have been proposed, none of them can provide actual benefits in terms of computational overhead as the sparsity is simulated using binary masks. In this paper, we address this issue by introducing a Truly Sparse Ensemble without binary masks and directly incorporate native sparsity. We also propose two algorithms for initializing new subnetworks within the ensemble, leveraging this native topological sparsity to enhance subnetwork diversity. We demonstrate the performance of the resulting models at high levels of sparsity on several datasets in terms of classification accuracy, floating point operations (FLOPs), and actual running time. The proposed methods outperform all baseline dense and truly sparse models on tabular data, successfully diversify the training trajectory of the subnetworks, and increase the topological distance between subnetworks after re-initialization. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Digital arithmetic

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GHA: A Gated Hierarchical Attention Mechanism for the Detection of Abusive Language in Social Media

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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 2025年第2期16卷 946-959页

作者： Jarquín-Vásquez, Horacio Escalante, Hugo Jair Montes-Y-Gómez, Manuel González, Fabio A. Óptica y Electrónica Department of Computer Science Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Puebla72840 Mexico Universidad Nacional de Colombia Department of Computer Systems and Industrial Engineering Bogotá16486 Colombia

The use of attention mechanisms in deep learning solutions has become popular within natural language processing tasks. The use of these mechanisms allows managing the relevance of the elements of a sequence in accordance with their context, however, this relevance has been observed independently between the pairs of elements of a sequence (self-attention) or between the application domain of a sequence (contextual attention), leading to the loss of relevant information and limiting the representation of the sequences. To tackle these particular issues, we propose a dual attention mechanism, which trades off the previous limitations, by considering the internal and contextual relationships between the elements of the sequence. Additionally, we propose the extension of the dual attention mechanism into a multi-layer perspective, through the weighted fusion of the different encoding layers of deep architectures. As the interpretation of abusive language is highly context-dependent, its identification is an ideal task to evaluate the proposed attention mechanism. Accordingly, we considered six standard collections for the abusive language identification task. The obtained results are encouraging;the proposed hierarchical attention mechanism outperformed the current self-attention and contextual attention mechanisms coupled with recurrent neural networks and Transformers, as well as, state-of-the-art approaches in detecting abusive language. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Calligraphy Alphabet Perception Using Artificial Intelligence 9

Calligraphy Alphabet Perception Using Artificial Intelligenc...

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9th International Conference on science, Technology, engineering and Mathematics, ICONSTEM 2024

作者： Venkatesh, S. Jeevitha, D. Gnanaselvi, J. Anitha Srm Institute of Science And Technology Department of Data Science And Business Systems School of Computing Chennai Kattankulathur India Jeppiaar Engineering College Department of Computer Science And Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365092

The human brain has a simple time analyzing and processing images. The brain is able to rapidly deconstruct and distinguish an image's various components when the eye perceives it. With the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as its foundation, this research suggests deep learning conceptual models. When the algorithms are compared, it becomes clear that CNN-based classification of handwritten alphabets performs better than other algorithms in terms of accuracy. The Manual Net, Alex Net, and LeNet Architectures are among the CNN algorithms employed in this research. The convulational layer, max pooling, flattening, feature assortment, rectifier lined unit, and completely linked softmaxx layers are each components of the aforementioned designs. The proposed network is tested using an image dataset comprising 530 training photos and 2756 testing images. The top precision and cost-efficient model will be used in the Django context to build a handler line for supplying the appeal to be recognized and obtaining the productivity outcome of recognized appeal. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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