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Stabilizing SiPM output with adaptive temperature compensation in portable real-time PCR devices

ISA Transactions 2025年 162卷 144-149页

作者： Li, Gui-Ping Ding, Wei Liang, Wen-Jing Shi, Yu Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Zhuhai519087 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Automation Changshu Institute of Technology Changshu215500 China Hema Medical Instrument Co. Ltd Zhuhai519087 China

Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology is essential in clinical pathogen measurement due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Portable real-time PCR instruments, known for their quick response, mobility, and efficiency, are crucial for controlling emerging infectious diseases at the grassroots level. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), with their high gain, sensitivity, low bias voltage, magnetic field insensitivity, and compactness, are widely used in various applications, including real-time PCR instruments. However, the gain of SiPM is temperature-dependent, which affects performance stability. In grassroots measurement environments, inadequate heat dissipation during equipment operation can alter SiPM working temperatures, impacting performance. To address this, we propose an innovative technique using a pair of Polymethyl Methacrylate(PMMA) polymer reference samples to stabilize SiPM output against temperature variations. This method effectively controls SiPM output fluctuations within 1%, even with temperature changes exceeding 10∘C, enhancing the stability, portability, and cost-effectiveness of fluorescence PCR instrument optical systems. © 2025

关键词： High gain Polymethyl Methacrylate Real-time PCR Silicon photo-multiplier Temperature compensation

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InputJump: Augmented reality-facilitated cross-device input fusion based on spatial and semantic information

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第6期6卷 502-526页

作者： Xin ZENG Xiaoyu WANG Tengxiang ZHANG Yukang YAN Yiqiang CHEN Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Goertek Inc. Bejing 261031China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 999077China Department of Computer Science Hajim School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of RochesterRochesterNY 14627US

The proliferation of computing devices requires seamless cross-device *** reality(AR)headsets can facilitate interactions with existing computers owing to their user-centered views and natural *** this study,we propose InputJump,a user-centered cross-device input fusion method that maps multi-modal cross-device inputs to interactive elements on graphical *** input jump calculates the spatial coordinates of the input target positions and the interactive elements within the coordinate system of the AR *** also extracts semantic descriptions of inputs and elements using large language models(LLMs).Two types of information from different inputs(e.g.,gaze,gesture,mouse,and keyboard)were fused to map onto an interactive *** proposed method is explained in detail and implemented on both an AR headset and a desktop *** then conducted a user study and extensive simulations to validate our proposed *** results showed that InputJump can accurately associate a fused input with the target interactive element,enabling a more natural and flexible interaction experience.

关键词： Mixed reality Spatial Semantic Large language models

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Strategies toward Highly Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第14期41卷 1753-1768页

作者： Shan Jiang Zhiyang Xu Fuzhi Wang Shilei Tian Yang Wang Chenghao Li Zhan'ao Tan State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206 China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China Department of Coal and Syngas Conversion Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum ProcessingBeijing100083 China

Constructing monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) is an effective method to break the Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) radiative efficiency limit for single-junction solar cells. Employing the wide bandgap perovskite materials and low bandgap organic materials as absorber layers for front and rear subcells, respectively, to construct perovskite/organic TSCs can complementarily absorb sunlight in ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range by front perovskite and near-infrared (NIR) range by rear organic molecules, thus reducing the thermalization energy losses. Besides the subcells, the interconnection layer (ICL), which physically and electrically connects the front and rear subcells, is also an important tunnel junction to recombine charges. In this review, we summarize the optimization strategies of wide bandgap perovskites for front subcell, narrow bandgap organic material for rear subcell, and the ICLs employed in monolithic perovskite/organic TSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Wide bandgap perovskite Low bandgap organic molecule Tandem solar cells Subcells Interconnection layer Efficiency Open-circuit voltage

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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A new implementation of FLEXPART with Enviro-HIRLAM meteorological input,and a case study during a heavy air pollution event

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 397-434页

作者： Benjamin Foreback Alexander Mahura Petri Clusius Carlton Xavier Metin Baykara Putian Zhou Tuomo Nieminen Victoria Sinclair Veli-Matti Kerminen Tom V.Kokkonen Simo Hakala Diego Aliaga Risto Makkonen Alexander Baklanov Roman Nuterman Men Xia Chenjie Hua Yongchun Liu Markku Kulmala Pauli Paasonen Michael Boy Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Division of Nuclear Physics Department of PhysicsLund UniversityLundSweden Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute(SMHI) Research DepartmentUnit of Meteorology/Environment and ClimateNorrköpingSweden Climate and Marine Sciences Department Eurasia Institute of Earth SciencesIstanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Department of Meteorology(MISU)and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden Climate System Research Unit Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland Science and Innovation Department World Meteorological Organization(WMO)GenevaSwitzerland Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina School of Engineering Science Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology(LUT)LappeenrantaFinland Atmospheric Modelling Centre Lahti Lahti University CampusLahtiFinland

We integrated Enviro-HIRLAM(Environment-High Resolution Limited Area Model)meteorological output into FLEXPART(FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model).A FLEXPART simulation requires meteorological input from a numerical weather prediction(NWP)*** publicly available version of FLEXPART can utilize either ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts)Integrated Forecast system(IFS)forecast or reanalysis NWP data,or NCEP(*** Center for Environmental Prediction)Global Forecast system(GFS)forecast or reanalysis NWP *** primary benefits of using Enviro-HIRLAM are that it runs at a higher resolution and accounts for aerosol effects in meteorological *** compared backward trajectories gener-ated with FLEXPART using Enviro-HIRLAM(both with and without aerosol effects)to trajectories generated using NCEP GFS and ECMWF IFS meteorological inputs,for a case study of a heavy haze event which occurred in beijing,China in November *** found that results from FLEXPART were considerably different when using different meteorological *** aerosol effects were included in the NWP,there was a small but noticeable differ-ence in calculated ***,when looking at potential emission sensitivity instead of simply expressing trajectories as lines,additional information,which may have been missed when looking only at trajectories as lines,can be inferred.

关键词： Atmospheric and chemical transport modelling trajectory and particle dispersion modelling severe air pollution episode FLEXPART Enviro-HIRLAM

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Monogamy and polygamy for the generalized W-class states using unified-(q,s)entropy

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 10-22页

作者： Bo Li Bing Xie Zhanjun Zhang Heng Fan School of Computer and Computing Science Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou 310015China Department of Mathematics East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Information&Electronic Engineering(Sussex Artificial Intelligence Institute) Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

We describe the entanglement distribution and restricted shareability of the multipartite generalized W-class states and their reduced density matrix under arbitrary partitions by using monogamy and polygamy relation based on the unified-(q,s)***,we provide an analytical formula of unified-(q,s)entanglement(UE)and an analytical lower bound of unified-(q,s)entanglement of assistance(UEo A)for a reduced density matrix of a generalized W-class ***,we use these two analytical formulas to derive the monogamy and polygamy inequalities for a reduced density matrix of a qudit generalized W-class(GW)*** establish two partition-dependent residual entanglements based on the new monogamy relation,which is helpful to obtain a comprehensive analysis of entanglement dynamics of generalized W-class ***,we investigate tighter monogamy and polygamy relations based on the power ofαth(α≥0)for UE andβth(β≥0)for UEo A,*** results show that the entanglement distribution characteristics of generalized W-class states satisfying stronger constraints can be described more accurately.

关键词： monogamy polygamy multiqudit unified entropy

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A Novel Collision Detection Protocol for Wireless Full-duplex Networks 20

A Novel Collision Detection Protocol for Wireless Full-duple...

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20th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, ICNSC 2023

作者： Zhao, Qinglin Feng, Li Zhou, MengChu Yu, Haisheng Sun, Yi Macau University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering China New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Newark United States Macau University of Science and Technology International Institute of Next Generation Internet China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369502

Conventional wireless networks are half-duplex and most of them use contention-based protocols. These protocols usually adopt a principle of contention with collision avoidance and infer a collision occurrence very late from the absence of an acknowledgement after data transmission, thus causing low network performance. Wireless full-duplex enables simultaneous transmission (TX) and reception (RX) on the same channel. By exploiting this functionality, this work proposes a novel design that enables contention with collision detection (CCD) to improve the network performance. With this design, in contention, a node exploits its TX antenna to transmit a signal for channel contention, while exploiting its RX antenna to sense if other nodes are transmitting too. By checking the status of TX and RX antennas, the node can detect the contention collision before data transmission and hence obtains an opportunity to avoid data collision effectively. This work then develops a theoretical model to analyze the collision probability of this design. Extensive simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed design in improving wireless network performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Network performance

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Dipper Throated Optimization for Detecting Black-Hole Attacks inMANETs

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1905-1921页

作者： Reem Alkanhel El-Sayed M.El-kenawy Abdelaziz A.Abdelhamid Abdelhameed Ibrahim Mostafa Abotaleb Doaa Sami Khafaga Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Communications and Electronics Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMansoura35111Egypt Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Delta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura35712Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information SciencesAin Shams UniversityCairo11566Egypt Department of Computer Science College of Computing and Information TechnologyShaqra University11961Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of System Programming South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk454080Russia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

In terms of security and privacy,mobile ad-hoc network(MANET)continues to be in demand for additional debate and *** more MANET applications become data-oriented,implementing a secure and reliable data transfer protocol becomes a major concern in the ***,MANET’s lack of infrastructure,unpredictable topology,and restricted resources,as well as the lack of a previously permitted trust relationship among connected nodes,contribute to the attack detection burden.A novel detection approach is presented in this paper to classify passive and active black-hole *** proposed approach is based on the dipper throated optimization(DTO)algorithm,which presents a plausible path out of multiple paths for statistics transmission to boost MANETs’quality of service.A group of selected packet features will then be weighed by the DTO-based multi-layer perceptron(DTO-MLP),and these features are collected from nodes using the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchical(LEACH)clustering *** is a powerful classifier and the DTO weight optimization method has a significant impact on improving the classification process by strengthening the weights of key features while suppressing the weights ofminor *** hybridmethod is primarily designed to combat active black-hole *** the LEACH clustering phase,however,can also detect passive black-hole *** effect of mobility variation on detection error and routing overhead is explored and evaluated using the suggested *** diverse mobility situations,the results demonstrate up to 97%detection accuracy and faster execution ***,the suggested approach uses an adjustable threshold value to make a correct conclusion regarding whether a node is malicious or benign.

关键词： Black-hole attack mobile ad-hoc network optimization dipper throated optimization

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Multiobjective adaptive car-following control of an intelligent vehicle based on receding horizon optimization

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第4期66卷 301-302页

作者： Hongbo GAO Juping ZHU Fei ZHANG Ruidong YAN Junjie ZHOU Lei JIANG Jianqiang WANG Keqiang LI Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of China Department of Computational Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui University School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Autonomous Driving Business Unit Chery Automobile School of College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China North Vehicle Research Institute School of Automotive Engineering Tsinghua University

Dear editor, Vehicle control is one of the key steps of intelligent driving [1]. Algorithms based on receding horizon optimization(RHO) can predict future trajectories and handle multiobjective constraint conditions; therefore, RHO-based methods have attracted considerable attention in the field of vehicle control. Although existing methods use RHO to design controllers, they do not simultaneously meet the multiobjective optimal control performance requirements on tracking, fuel economy, and ride comfort.

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A survey on user-centric cell-free massive MIMO systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第5期8卷 695-719页

作者： Shuaifei Chen Jiayi Zhang Jing Zhang Emil Björnson Bo Ai School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-16440KistaSweden Department of Electrical Engineering(ISY) Linköping UniversitySE-58183LinköpingSweden State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

The mobile data traffic has been exponentially growing during the last several *** was enabled by the densification of the network infrastructure in terms of increased cell density(i.e.,Ultra-Dense Network(UDN))and/or the increased number of active antennas per Access Point(AP)(i.e.,massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(mMIMO)).However,neither UDN nor mMIMO will meet the increasing demand for the data rate of the Sixth Generation(6G)wireless communications due to the inter-cell interference and large quality-of-service ***-Free(CF)mMIMO,which combines the best aspects of UDN and mMIMO,is viewed as a key solution to this *** such systems,each User Equipment(UE)is served by a preferred set of surrounding APs *** this paper,we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art literature on CF *** a starting point,the significance and the basic properties of CF mMIMO are *** then present the canonical framework to discuss the essential details(i.e.,transmission procedure and mathematical system model).Next,we provide a deep look at the resource allocation and signal processing problems related to CF mMIMO and survey the up-to-date schemes and *** that,we discuss the practical issues in implementing CF mMIMO and point out the potential future ***,we conclude this paper with a summary of the key lessons learned in this field.

关键词： 6G network User-centric cell-free network Massive multiple-input multiple-output

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