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A Radial Basis Function Spike Model for Indirect Learning via Integrate-and-Fire Sampling and Reconstruction Techniques

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Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2012年第1期2012卷

作者： X. Zhang G. Foderaro C. Henriquez A. M. J. VanDongen S. Ferrari Laboratory for Intelligent Systems and Control (LISC) Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC 27708 USAduke.edu Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science Duke University Durham NC 27708 USAduke.edu Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore

This paper presents a deterministic and adaptive spike model derived from radial basis functions and a leaky integrate-and-fire sampler developed for training spiking neural networks without direct weight manipulation. Several algorithms have been proposed for training spiking neural networks through biologically-plausible learning mechanisms, such as spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity and Hebbian plasticity. These algorithms typically rely on the ability to update the synaptic strengths, or weights, directly, through a weight update rule in which the weight increment can be decided and implemented based on the training equations. However, in several potential applications of adaptive spiking neural networks, including neuroprosthetic devices and CMOS/memristor nanoscale neuromorphic chips, the weights cannot be manipulated directly and, instead, tend to change over time by virtue of the pre- and postsynaptic neural activity. This paper presents an indirect learning method that induces changes in the synaptic weights by modulating spike-timing-dependent plasticity by means of controlled input spike trains. In place of the weights, the algorithm manipulates the input spike trains used to stimulate the input neurons by determining a sequence of spike timings that minimize a desired objective function and, indirectly, induce the desired synaptic plasticity in the network.

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Digital library 2.0 for educational resources

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Lecture Notes in computer science

作者： Akbar, Monika Fan, Weiguo Shaffer, Clifford A. Chen, Yinlin Cassel, Lillian Delcambre, Lois Garcia, Daniel D. Hislop, Gregory W. Shipman, Frank Furuta, Richard Carpenter II, B. Stephen Hsieh, Haowei Siegfried, Bob Fox, Edward A. Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA United States Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University Villanova PA United States Department of Computer Science Portland State University Portland OR United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science UC Berkeley Berkeley CA United States Department of Computer Science Drexel University Philadelphia PA United States Department of Computer Science Texas A and M College Station TX United States Art Education Program Pennsylvania State University State College PA United States School of Library and Information Science Univ. of Iowa Iowa City IA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642244681

We report on focus group feedback regarding the services provided by existing education-related Digital Libraries (DL). Participants provided insight into how they seek educational resources online, and what they perceive to be the shortcomings of existing educational DLs. Along with useful content, social interactions were viewed as important supplements for educational DLs. Such interactions lead to both an online community and new forms of content such as reviews and ratings. Based on our analysis of the focus group feedback, we propose DL 2.0, the next generation of digital library, which integrates social knowledge with DL content. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Digital libraries

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Enhanced detection of cardiovascular biomarker proteins: A detailed study of nanoconfinement in nanoporous membrane

Enhanced detection of cardiovascular biomarker proteins: A d...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Brandigampala, Savindra Feikert, Paige Vattipalli, Krishna Prasad, Shalini Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 United States Bio-Engineering Program College of Engineering Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount St Wichita KS 67260 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781627482004

The goal of this work is to understand the role of nano-confinement in designing an inexpensive and user friendly 'point- of- care' (POC) protein biosensor. We used printed circuit board based gold chips and integrated them with nanoporous alumina membranes in generating high density arrays of nano scale confined spaces. We initially tested the role of a nanomembrane in achieving signal enhancement through size based confinement of proteins. As a later part of the experiment, we studied the role of pore size on achieving signal enhancement by using membranes of two different pore sizes of 100 and 200 nm. It is critical that ultralow detection of biomolecules be achieved as they have significant impact in designing diagnostics platforms for early disease diagnosis. Commercially available nano-porous membranes made out of anodized alumina were evaluated for their role in nano-confinement and enhancing sensitivity of detection. In this biosensor configuration sandwich assay, an electrical double layer is formed between a test protein (C-reactive protein) and the gold surface underneath the porous membrane. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy, the capacitance/impedance changes in the electrical double layer, was analyzed which translated to identifying the sensitivity and the linear dose response of the sensor for two specific conditions (a) with nano confinement and (b) for varying size of confined spaces. © 2012 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Proteins

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Dimensioning and site planning of integrated PON and wireless cooperative networks for fixed mobile convergence

Dimensioning and site planning of integrated PON and wireles...

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作者： Lin, Bin Tapolcai, János Ho, Pin-Han Department of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China Department of Telecommunication and Media Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest 1117 Hungary Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Integrating optical and wireless broadband access networks is an important step in achieving fixed mobile convergence in metropolitan areas. In this paper, a promising network architecture by integrating a passive optical network and a wireless cooperative network is investigated, in which intercell cooperative transmission is incorporated. Our goal is to exploit both economic and performance benefits. To achieve a cost-effective deployment and meet long-term performance requirements, this paper addresses the issue of dimensioning and site planning (DSP). We provide a complete formulation to capture the challenges behind network deployment. A number of long-term design subjects are jointly considered in a unified optimization framework, including infrastructure placement, base station user allocation, and resource breakdown assignment. To reduce the computation complexity, the DSP problem is decomposed into two subproblems. An approach is further developed to reformulate the problem into a solvable mixed integer linear program. Moreover, we conduct case studies to validate the formulation, in which performance gains are demonstrated in terms of total infrastructure cost reduction, spectral efficiency improvement, and scalability in capacity enhancement. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Passive optical networks

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Report on the AAAI 2010 robot exhibition

Report on the AAAI 2010 robot exhibition

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作者： Anderson, Monica D. Chernova, Sonia Dodds, Zachary Thomaz, Andrea L. Touretzky, David S. Computer Science Department University of Alabama United States Robotics Engineering Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute United States Department of Computer Science Harvey Mudd College United States School of Interactive Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University United States

The 19th robotics program at the annual AAAI conference was held in Atlanta, Georgia, in July 2010. In this article we give a summary of three components of the exhibition: the Small-Scale Manipulation Challenge: Robotic Chess;the Learning by Demonstration Challenge;and the Education Track. In each section we detail the challenge task. We also describe the participating teams, highlight the research questions they tackled, and briefly describe the systems they demonstrated. Copyright © 2011, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Exhibitions

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The experimental determination of the onset of electrical and thermal conductivity percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube-polymer composites

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期1312卷 1-6页

作者： Byung-wook Kim Steven Pfeifer Sung-Hoon Park R. Bandaru Prabhakar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego USA Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego USA

We show evidence of electrical and thermal conductivity percolation in polymer based carbon nanotube (CNT) composites, which follow power law variations with respect to the CNT concentrations in the matrix. The experimentally obtained percolation thresholds, i.e., ~ 0.074 vol % for single walled CNTs and ~ 2.0 vol % for multi-walled CNTs, were found to be aspect ratio dependent and in accordance with those determined theoretically from excluded volume percolation theory. A much greater enhancement, over 10 orders of magnitude, was obtained in the electrical conductivity at the percolation threshold, while a smaller increase of ~ 100 % was obtained in the thermal conductivity values. Such a difference is qualitatively explained on the basis of the respective conductivity contrast between the CNT filler and the polymer matrix.

关键词： composite electrical properties thermal conductivity

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Three theorems: Brain-like networks logically reason and optimally generalize

Three theorems: Brain-like networks logically reason and opt...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Juyang Weng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cognitive Science Program and Neuroscience Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

Finite Automata (FA) is a base net for many sophisticated probability-based systems of artificial intelligence. However, an FA processes symbols, instead of images that the brain senses and produces (e.g., sensory images and motor images). Of course, many recurrent artificial neural networks process images. However, their non-calibrated internal states prevent generalization, let alone the feasibility of immediate and error-free learning. I wish to report a general-purpose Developmental program (DP) for a new type of, brain-anatomy inspired, networks - Developmental Networks (DNs). The new theoretical results here are summarized by three theorems. (1) From any complex FA that demonstrates human knowledge through its sequence of the symbolic inputs-outputs, the DP incrementally develops a corresponding DN through the image codes of the symbolic inputs-outputs of the FA. The DN learning from the FA is incremental, immediate and error-free. (2) After learning the FA, if the DN freezes its learning but runs, it generalizes optimally for infinitely many image inputs and actions based on the embedded inner-product distance, state equivalence, and the principle of maximum likelihood. (3) After learning the FA, if the DN continues to learn and run, it “thinks” optimally in the sense of maximum likelihood based on its past experience.

关键词： Neurons Tin Automata Humans Brain models Learning systems

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Ranking docked models of protein-protein complexes using predicted partner-specific protein-protein interfaces: A preliminary study 11

Ranking docked models of protein-protein complexes using pre...

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2011 ACM Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Biomedicine, ACM-BCB 2011

作者： Xue, Li C. Jordan, Rafael A. El-Manzalawy, Yasser Dobbs, Drena Honavar, Vasant Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 United States Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames 50011 United States Department of Computer Science Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 United States Department of Computer Science Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Colombia Department of Systems and Computer Engineering AI-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781450307963

Computational protein-protein docking is a valuable tool for determining the conformation of complexes formed by interacting proteins. Selecting near-native conformations from the large number of possible models generated by docking software presents a significant challenge in practice. We introduce a novel method for ranking docked conformations based on the degree of overlap between the interface residues of a docked conformation formed by a pair of proteins with the set of predicted interface residues between them. Our approach relies on a method, called PS-HomPPI, for reliably predicting proteinprotein interface residues by taking into account information derived from both interacting proteins. PS-HomPPI infers the residues of a query protein that are likely to interact with a partner protein based on known interface residues of the homo-interologs of the query-partner protein pair, i.e., pairs of interacting proteins that are homologous to the query protein and partner protein. Our results on Docking Benchmark 3.0 show that the quality of the ranking of docked conformations using our method is consistently superior to that produced using ClusPro cluster-size-based and energy-based criteria for 61 out of the 64 docking complexes for which PS-HomPPI produces interface predictions. An implementation of our method for ranking docked models is freely available at: http://***/DockRank/. Copyright © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Proteins

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An Approach Using Parallel Architecture to Storage DICOM Images in Distributed File System

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2012年第1期341卷

作者： Tiago S Soares Thiago C Prado M A R Dantas Douglas D J de Macedo Michael A Bauer Informatics and Statistic Department Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianpolis Brazil Post-Graduate Program of Knowledge Engineering and Management Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianpolis Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario UWO London Canada

Telemedicine is a very important area in medical field that is expanding daily motivated by many researchers interested in improving medical applications. In Brazil was started in 2005, in the State of Santa Catarina has a developed server called the CyclopsDCMServer, which the purpose to embrace the HDF for the manipulation of medical images (DICOM) using a distributed file system. Since then, many researches were initiated in order to seek better performance. Our approach for this server represents an additional parallel implementation in I/O operations since HDF version 5 has an essential feature for our work which supports parallel I/O, based upon the MPI paradigm. Early experiments using four parallel nodes, provide good performance when compare to the serial HDF implemented in the CyclopsDCMServer.

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Palmprint Identification Using Kronecker Product of DCT and Walsh Transforms for Multi-Spectral Images

Palmprint Identification Using Kronecker Product of DCT and ...

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International Conference on Hand-Based Biometrics (ICHB)

作者： H. B. Kekre Tanuja Sarode Rekha Vig Arya Pranay Irani Aashita Bisani Saurabh Department of Computer Science MPSTME NMIMS University Mumbai India Department of Computer Science Thadomal Shahani Engineering College Mumbai India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication MPSTME NMIMS University Mumbai India

This paper presents a novel technique to identify palmprints of individuals for various purposes including security, access control, forensic applications, identification, etc. Palmprints, known to be more robust as biometrics are being increasingly used in these areas. In this paper the identification of the palmprint of an individual has been done using a transform domain technique where a new transform using the Kronecker product of the existing transforms (DCT and Walsh) is developed and applied to multi-spectral palmprint images. Energy compaction technique in transform domain is applied to reduce the size of feature vector. The properties of both DCT and Walsh transforms are incorporated in the new transform which gives better results than when both the transforms are used individually. The GAR values have been computed for different values of energy considered. The maximum value of GAR obtained is 98.53% for an energy threshold of 99.99% on palmprints under blue illumination. The FAR is found to be 4%.

关键词： Databases Vectors Biometrics Discrete cosine transforms Green products Feature extraction

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