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Towards AI-Powered Edge Intelligence for Object Detection in Self-Driving Cars: Enhancing IoV Efficiency and Safety

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16990-16997页

作者： Ahmed, Imran Ahmad, Misbah Siddiqi, Muftooh Ur Rehman Chehri, Abdellah Jeon, Gwangill Anglia Ruskin University School of Computing and Information Science Cambridge United Kingdom University of West of England Centre for Machine Vision Bristol Robotics Laboratory Bristol United Kingdom Hartpury University Department of Animal and Agriculture Gloucester United Kingdom Aston University College of Engineering and Physical Sciences Birmingham United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Canada Incheon National University Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon Korea Republic of

In the rapidly advancing field of intelligent transportation systems, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with edge computing presents a promising way to enhance the safety and efficiency of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This study explores and presents a deep learning based object detection model within an edge computing framework which aims to facilitate real time object detection in self driving cars. Using an urban traffic scenarios based dataset, our research shows the ability of the model to accurately detect and classify various objects important for autonomous driving. The YOLOv8 model is used in this work due to its optimal balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. This model has also demonstrated its worth by achieving good performance results, including an average precision of 0.79, a recall of 0.62, and an F1-score of 0.69. The results are demonstrated by a detailed confusion matrix, highlighting the model's effectiveness in complex driving environments and underscoring its reliability for in-vehicle deployment. By implementing AI directly on edge devices within vehicles, our approach might be helpful in significantly reducing latency, boosting decision-making speed, and enhancing data privacy by minimising dependence on cloud processing. The findings not only support the model's capabilities but also illustrate the practical benefits of edge intelligence in autonomous vehicles. These benefits, such as faster decision-making and improved data privacy, contribute effectively to the IoV infrastructure. This study marks a substantial step towards recognising the possibility of AI-enhanced edge computing in driving the next generation of autonomous vehicle technology. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) autonomous vehicles deep leaning edge computing Internet of Vehicles (IoV)

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Survey of Online Exam Proctoring Model to Detect Cheating Behavior based on Face Recognition 8

Survey of Online Exam Proctoring Model to Detect Cheating Be...

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8th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2022

作者： Rabiha, Sucianna Ghadati Kartowisastro, Iman Herwidiana Setiawan, Reina Budiharto, Widodo Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science. Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Faculty of Engineering Computer Science Department Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Computer Science Department Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665474481

Exams are an important component of any educational program, including online education. In any test, there is a possibility of cheating, so its detection and prevention is important. This study aims to conduct an in-depth study of the online exam monitoring model approach based on facial recognition used to detect cheating. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria designed, 13 selected studies were obtained. From these studies, we conducted further analysis regarding the Face Detection Method, Face Recognition Method, Initial Feature, Behavior Analysis and Evaluation Metrics used in each study so as to provide answers to research questions. the most frequently used Face detection method was Viola-Jones with a presentation of 20%, then CNN and MTCNN with a total presentation of 21%. The most widely used face recognition method in selected studies is CNN and metrics Accuracy is one of the most frequently used evaluations with a percentage of 33%. While the features that are usually used to detect cheating during online exams include facial motion and head pose which occupies the first position. The second is eye movement, then multiple faces gaze estimation and facial expression is in third place. Other features that also play a role in analyzing cheating behavior are mouth detection, facial vector, landmark location, gesture and posture. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Face recognition

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Network Parameter Control in Cellular Networks through Graph-Based Multi-Agent Constrained Reinforcement Learning 19

Network Parameter Control in Cellular Networks through Graph...

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19th IEEE International Conference on Automation science and engineering, CASE 2023

作者： Forsberg, Albin Larsson Nikou, Alexandros Feljan, Aneta Vulgarakis Tumova, Jana Stockholm Sweden Kth Division of Robotics Perception and Learning Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Stockholm Sweden Digital Futures United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320695

Cellular networks are growing in complexity at increasing speed and the geographical locations in which they are deployed in are getting denser. Traditional control methods fall short in providing a scalable and dynamic way of adapting the network to new conditions. Distributed multiagent reinforcement learning successfully addresses scalability problems seen in centralized approaches. The question of achieving learning with constraint satisfaction in distributed systems is still left unanswered in the state-of-the-art. In this work, we aim to perform distributed multi-agent constrained reinforcement learning in order to learn a policy online while satisfying imposed constraints. We use a coordination graph to model the interactions between agents and decompose the global value function. A conservative safety critic is trained in parallel to evaluate the safety of proposed actions. Our method allows for separate training of both the critic and the value network independently of each other, and hence offers flexibility in how and when to train the different models. The results are compared to a baseline using no safety critic. Simulations show that the agents succeed in learning a policy that can satisfy the constraints, while still maximizing the objective. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Graphic methods

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3D Facial Reconstruction Applied to Medical Cosmetology 5

3D Facial Reconstruction Applied to Medical Cosmetology

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5th IEEE Eurasia Conference on Biomedical engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability, ECBIOS 2023

作者： Hsieh, Sheng-Hsien Lin, Ming-Yi Chen, Ching-Han National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Program of Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics Pingtung Taiwan Yuan Ze University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taoyuan Taiwan National Central University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320978

We present a high-accuracy 3D facial reconstruction system with the following features: real-time 3D facial reconstruction using exposure synchronization multi-camera, feature alignment to quantify facial differences, a software system based on a naked eye 3D display, and medical records for a 3D face database. The proposed system is novel and practical, and the algorithm and the hardware/software architecture improve the current non-quantitative communication status in medical aesthetics. The system achieves preoperative expectations, real-time recording and feedback during surgery, and postoperative tracking analysis, thus making doctor-patient communication more efficient. The facial data database records personal and quantitative beauty data and its changes, providing accurate medical and aesthetic treatment analysis for individuals. In addition, the collected data of different genders, ages, injection sites, and dosages contribute to the development of more accurate medical materials. With artificial intelligence and cloud architecture, we provide reliable data for medical aesthetics customers, helping them understand their medical aesthetic needs. Doctors also provide stable medical care quality to consumers through cloud data, and medical aesthetic consultants do not need to exaggerate medical effects excessively. They can inform customers of specific differences before and after surgery through precise data and provide visual communication and customer expansion to improve consultation conversion rates. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Visual communication

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Gender-Based Bimodal Analysis of Speech and Text in Non-Contextual Emotion Recognition

Gender-Based Bimodal Analysis of Speech and Text in Non-Cont...

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2024 Beyond Technology Summit on Informatics International Conference, BTS-I2C 2024

作者： Angkasa, Abby Rasya Zahra, Amalia Fung, Wai-Keung Binus Graduate Program Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff School of Technologies Engineering Department Cardiff United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508579

Emotion recognition can help human-computer interactions by enabling systems to respond empathetically and adapt to users' emotional conditions. This capability improves user experience, supporting the development of a more intuitive and emotionally responsive communication system. This study analyzes a bimodal approach based on gender (male and female) to recognize emotions without contextual information in dialogue analysis. Utilizing the Multimodal EmoryNLP dataset extracted from the TV series Friends with acted speech, we focused on four primary emotions: Angry, Neutral, Joy, and Scared. The model used in this study for text classification is RoBERTa, and wav2vec 2.0 is used for audio feature extraction with the Bi-LSTM model for classification. The experiment results using weighted F1-score reveal that data augmentation enhanced the performance of analyzing the original dataset from 0.46% to 0.52% and the male dataset from 0.43% to 0.51 %. In comparison, the female dataset remained consistent at 0.46%. The weighted F1-score and Unweighted Averaged Recall (UAR) from the male dataset are higher, 51 % and 48%, respectively, than those from the female dataset, 46% and 47%, respectively. Gender-based analysis indicated that male and female datasets exhibited distinct performance patterns, highlighting variations in emotional expression and recognition between genders. These findings underscore the effectiveness of multimodal strategies in emotion recognition and suggest that gender-specific factors play a significant role in enhancing classification performance. While these results highlight performance trends, further validation through repeated trials and statistical analyses could provide stronger generalizations and insights into gender-based differences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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High resolution and high sensitivity imaging magnetometer with magnetic nanoparticle and optical heterodyne detection

High resolution and high sensitivity imaging magnetometer wi...

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2024 Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2024

作者： Bartos, Jan Tis, Taleb Ba Park, Wounjhang Huang, Shu-Wei Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder80309 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder80309 United States

We present progress towards an imaging magnetometer using a magneto-optical polymer nanocomposite thin film, experimentally demonstrating 29nT/√Hz sensitivity with © Optica Publishing Group 2024, © 2024 The... 详细信息

关键词： Heterodyne detection

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Asynchronous I/O Persistence for In-Memory Database Servers: Leveraging io_uring to Optimize Redis Persistence 17th

Asynchronous I/O Persistence for In-Memory Database Servers:...

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17th International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD 2024, Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2024

作者： Chen, Le-Gao Li, Yanzhi Laohakangvalvit, Tipporn Sugaya, Midori Innovative Global Program College of Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Koto City Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Koto City Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031771521

With constant hardware improvements allowing for increasingly large memory sizes, in-memory database servers have become an attractive option for various cloud applications. Even though in-memory database servers store all data in memory, there is still a need to persist data onto an I/O device for maintenance, updates, or protection against server crashes. In high throughput environments, persistence happens often, significantly hindering server throughput performance. Although popular in-memory database servers such as Redis or Dragonfly DB have adopted asynchronous I/O for socket operations, none have extended this approach for persistence. This results in significantly longer time taken for persistence, leading to prolonged reduced throughput. Given the recent introduction of io_uring, which has demonstrated significant performance improvements over past asynchronous I/O APIs, we have decided to implement it into Redis to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing these performance overheads. Our findings indicate that io_uring can significantly enhance performance in use cases with medium to large payload sizes but may hinder performances in use cases involving small payload sizes due to higher complexity and higher operation cost per datapoint. This method can likely be applied to other servers, such as Dragonfly DB and Memcached, to achieve similar benefits in appropriate scenarios. Additionally, in-memory database server persistence can serve as valuable benchmarks for further io_uring development and optimization. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Benchmarking

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High resolution and high sensitivity imaging magnetometer with magnetic nanoparticle and optical heterodyne detection

High resolution and high sensitivity imaging magnetometer wi...

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2024 Laser science, LS 2024

作者： Bartos, Jan Ba Tis, Taleb Park, Wounjhang Huang, Shu-Wei Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder80309 United States Material Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder80309 United States

We present progress towards an imaging magnetometer using a magneto-optical polymer nanocomposite thin film, experimentally demonstrating 29nT/√Hz sensitivity with © 2024 The Author(s). © Optica Publishing ... 详细信息

关键词： Heterodyne detection

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Social engineering attack types and prevention techniques- A survey 1

Social engineering attack types and prevention techniques- A...

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1st International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Technology and Networking, CICTN 2023

作者： Salama, Ramiz Al-Turjman, Fadi Bhatia, Shruti Yadav, Satya Prakash Near East University Ai and Robotics Institute Research Center for Ai and IoT Department of Computer Engineering Nicosia Turkey Near East University Ai and Robotics Institute Artificial Intelligence Engineering Dept. Nicosia Turkey University of Kyrenia Research Center for Ai and IoT Faculty of Engineering Kyrenia Turkey Graphic Era Hill University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Greater Noida201306 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338027

The term "Cyber Security"is getting more and more popular and important over the last few years. Since computers and most of the devices are connected to the internet, they are likely to be hacked by the hackers. In the past, this issue was not a big problem, because not every device is required to be connected to the internet or the internet was not popular as today. But the case has changed over the years. All the changes in the technology area also changed the cyber-attack models as well. With the development of technology and the change of usage of the internet over the last years cyber-attacks have become more common and popular by the hackers. Hackers have discovered that they have an opportunity to steal or earn money in a short time without having to spend too much effort. These days, the type of cyber-attacks is not the same as the ones in the past. As time passes, the cyber-attack methods are also changing and evolving. Today, hackers are using more advanced and effective cyber-attack methods compared to past years. There are many methods that are impossible to cover all of them in this article. Our main focus will be on social engineering attacks in this article. Social engineering attacks use different approaches to cyber attacking. Unlike trying to explode a victim's social media password etc. using advanced exporting programs, algorithms or techniques, social engineering attacks focus on fooling victims into providing their data to hackers by themselves without using or implementing any password cracking, exploiting techniques etc. We will go over what social media engineering is, type of social engineering methods, what countermeasures can be used to protect from social engineering and more in this article. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Crime

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FaceEngine: A Tracking-Based Framework for Real-Time Face Recognition in Video Surveillance System

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SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 609页

作者： Imran, Ahsan Ahmed, Riad Hasan, Md Mehedi Ahmed, M. Helal Uddin Azad, A.K.M. Alyami, Salem A. Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC University Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh Department of Management Information Systems University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh 11432 Saudi Arabia

The escalating concern over worldwide security and criminal activities has led to the emergence and significance of closed-circuit television video surveillance systems as an essential tool for diverse security purposes. These systems are extensively implemented and serve a crucial function in the surveillance and upkeep of security. The predominant purpose of video surveillance systems is to gather data primarily for evidentiary purposes subsequent to the occurrence of a criminal incident. The demand for video surveillance systems capable of autonomously monitoring and promptly identifying criminals or intruders in real-time is steadily increasing. Nevertheless, the existing facial recognition methods pose difficulties in reliably identifying individuals who are in motion within a video frame. Moreover, conventional approaches necessitate a substantial quantity of photographs in order to achieve precise recognition following the acquisition of an individual’s facial pattern. In order to tackle these concerns, we developed the implementation of input optimisation algorithms alongside a novel framework for real-time face recognition in the context of video surveillance. The input optimization algorithms, integrated with adaptive thresholding techniques, effectively reduce the need for manual outlier removal by actively identifying outliers for each specific case. The application of this optimisation strategy has demonstrated a substantial enhancement in both the efficiency and precision of our system in comparison to alternative baseline methodologies. Through the use of a reduced set of input image, our system is capable of attaining a heightened degree of improvements. Specifically, employing tracking and temporal voting techniques enables our system to accomplish a real-time face recognition accuracy of 90.91%. The findings of this study suggest that our approach has the potential to be a valuable tool in various applications that necessitate rapid and precise fac

关键词： computer vision Deep learning Face recognition Image processing Tracking Video surveillance

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