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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chen, Xinyun Wang, Lu Hang, Yizhe Ge, Heng Zha, Hongyuan Insitute for Data and Decision Analytics Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Department of Computer Science East China Normal University Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology of China School of Mathematics and Statistics Shandong University Insitute for Data and Decision Analytics Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen & Georgia Institute of Technology

We consider off-policy policy evaluation when the trajectory data are generated by multiple behavior policies. Recent work has shown the key role played by the state or state-action stationary distribution corrections in the infinite horizon context for off-policy policy evaluation. We propose estimated mixture policy (EMP), a novel class of partially policy-agnostic methods to accurately estimate those quantities. With careful analysis, we show that EMP gives rise to estimates with reduced variance for estimating the state stationary distribution correction while it also offers a useful induction bias for estimating the state-action stationary distribution correction. In extensive experiments with both continuous and discrete environments, we demonstrate that our algorithm offers significantly improved accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Lessons Learned from Assessing Trustworthy AI in Practice

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Digital Society 2023年第3期2卷 1-25页

作者： Vetter, Dennis Amann, Julia Bruneault, Frédérick Coffee, Megan Düdder, Boris Gallucci, Alessio Gilbert, Thomas Krendl Hagendorff, Thilo van Halem, Irmhild Hickman, Eleanore Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Kringen, Pedro Madai, Vince I. Wiinblad Mathez, Emilie Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Computational Vision and Artificial Intelligence Lab Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Am Main Germany Z-Inspection® Initiative Venice Italy Health Ethics and Policy Lab ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Strategy and Innovation Careum Foundation Zurich Switzerland Philosophie Departement Collège André-Laurendeau Montréal Canada École Des Médias Université du Québec À Montréal Montréal Canada Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York City USA Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Digital Life Initiative Cornell Tech New York City USA Cluster of Excellence “Machine Learning: New Perspectives for Science” University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany School of Law University of Bristol Bristol UK Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA Department of Business Management and Analytics Arcada University of Applied Sciences Helsinki Finland Department of Food & Resource Economics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland QUEST Centre for Responsible Research Berlin Institute of Health Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Faculty of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University Birmingham UK Parallel Computing Labs Intel Santa Clara USA School of Economics Innovation and Technology Kristiania University College Oslo Norway Data Science Graduate School Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Building artificial intelligence (AI) systems that adhere to ethical standards is a complex problem. Even though a multitude of guidelines for the design and development of such trustworthy AI systems exist, these guidelines focus on high-level and abstract requirements for AI systems, and it is often very difficult to assess if a specific system fulfills these requirements. The Z-Inspection® process provides a holistic and dynamic framework to evaluate the trustworthiness of specific AI systems at different stages of the AI lifecycle, including intended use, design, and development. It focuses, in particular, on the discussion and identification of ethical issues and tensions through the analysis of socio-technical scenarios and a requirement-based framework for ethical and trustworthy AI. This article is a methodological reflection on the Z-Inspection® process. We illustrate how high-level guidelines for ethical and trustworthy AI can be applied in practice and provide insights for both AI researchers and AI practitioners. We share the lessons learned from conducting a series of independent assessments to evaluate the trustworthiness of real-world AI systems, as well as key recommendations and practical suggestions on how to ensure a rigorous trustworthiness assessment throughout the lifecycle of an AI system. The results presented in this article are based on our assessments of AI systems in the healthcare sector and environmental monitoring, where we used the framework for trustworthy AI proposed in the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI by the European Commission’s High-Level Expert Group on AI. However, the assessment process and the lessons learned can be adapted to other domains and include additional frameworks.

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Enhancing Suicide Risk Prediction With Polygenic Scores in Psychiatric Emergency Settings: Prospective Study

JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

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JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 2024年第1期5卷 e58357页

作者： Lee, Younga Heather Zhang, Yingzhe Kennedy, Chris J. Mallard, Travis T. Liu, Zhaowen Vu, Phuong Linh Feng, Yen-Chen Anne Ge, Tian Petukhova, Maria V. Kessler, Ronald C. Nock, Matthew K. Smoller, Jordan W. Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA United States Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Epidemiology Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA United States Center for Precision Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Harvard College Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Psychology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Mental Health Research Program Franciscan Children’s Brighton MA United States Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA United States

Background: Despite growing interest in the clinical translation of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), it remains uncertain to what extent genomic information can enhance the prediction of psychiatric outcomes beyond the data collected during clinical visits alone. Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of incorporating PRSs into a suicide risk prediction model trained on electronic health records (EHRs) and patient-reported surveys among patients admitted to the emergency department. Methods: Study participants were recruited from the psychiatric emergency department at Massachusetts General Hospital. There were 333 adult patients of European ancestry who had high-quality genotype data available through their participation in the Mass General Brigham Biobank. Multiple neuropsychiatric PRSs were added to a previously validated suicide prediction model in a prospective cohort enrolled between February 4, 2015, and March 13, 2017. data analysis was performed from July 11, 2022, to August 31, 2023. Suicide attempt was defined using diagnostic codes from longitudinal EHRs combined with 6-month follow-up surveys. The clinical risk score for suicide attempt was calculated from an ensemble model trained using an EHR-based suicide risk score and a brief survey, and it was subsequently used to define the baseline model. We generated PRSs for depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt, and externalizing traits using a Bayesian polygenic scoring method for European ancestry participants. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve, and positive predictive values. Results: Of the 333 patients (n=178, 53.5% male;mean age 36.8, SD 13.6 years;n=333, 100% non-Hispanic and n=324, 97.3% self-reported White), 28 (8.4%) had a suicide attempt within 6 months. Adding either the schizophrenia PRS or all PRSs to the baseline model resulted in the numerically highest discrimination

关键词： electronic health record genomics genotypes machine learning polygenic risk score predictive algorithms suicide attempt suicide risk prediction

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A sparse semismooth Newton based proximal majorization-minimization algorithm for nonconvex square-root-loss regression problem

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2020年第1期21卷 9253-9290页

作者： Peipei Tang Chengjing Wang Defeng Sun Kim-Chuan Toh School of Computer and Computing Science Zhejiang University City College Hangzhou China School of Mathematics and National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China Department of Applied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong Department of Mathematics and Institute of Operations Research and Analytics National University of Singapore Singapore

In this paper, we consider high-dimensional nonconvex square-root-loss regression problems and introduce a proximal majorization-minimization (PMM) algorithm for solving these problems. Our key idea for making the proposed PMM to be efficient is to develop a sparse semismooth Newton method to solve the corresponding subproblems. By using the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property exhibited in the underlining problems, we prove that the PMM algorithm converges to a d-stationary point. We also analyze the oracle property of the initial subproblem used in our algorithm. Extensive numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed PMM algorithm.

关键词： nonconvex square-root regression problems proximal majorization-minimization semismooth Newton method

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Cosmological constraints with deep learning from KiDS-450 weak lensing maps

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Fluri, Janis Kacprzak, Tomasz Lucchi, Aurelien Refregier, Alexandre Amara, Adam Hofmann, Thomas Schneider, Aurel Institute of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Department of Physics ETH Zurich Switzerland Data Analytics Lab Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have recently been demonstrated on synthetic data to improve upon the precision of cosmological inference. In particular they have the potential to yield more precise cosmological constraints from weak lensing mass maps than the two-point functions. We present the cosmological results with a CNN from the KiDS-450 tomographic weak lensing dataset, constraining the total matter density Ωm, the fluctuation amplitude σ8, and the intrinsic alignment amplitude AIA. We use a grid of N-body simulations to generate a training set of tomographic weak lensing maps. We test the robustness of the expected constraints to various effects, such as baryonic feedback, simulation accuracy, different value of H0, or the lightcone projection technique. We train a set of ResNet-based CNNs with varying depths to analyze sets of tomographic KiDS mass maps divided into 20 flat regions, with applied Gaussian smoothing of σ = 2.34 arcmin. The uncertainties on shear calibration and n(z) error are marginalized in the likelihood pipeline. Following a blinding scheme, we derive constraints of S8= σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.5= 0.777+0.038-0.036with our CNN analysis, with AIA= 1.398+0.779-0.724. We compare this result to the power spectrum analysis on the same maps and likelihood pipeline and find an improvement of about 30% for the CNN. We discuss how our results offer excellent prospects for the use of deep learning in future cosmological data analysis. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Meta mask correction for nuclei segmentation in histopathological image

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Shi, Jiangbo Jia, Chang Gao, Zeyu Gong, Tieliang Wang, Chunbao Li, Chen National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics Xi'an Jiao Tong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiao tong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Satellite and Terrestrial Network Tech.R&D Xi'an Jiao tong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710061 China

Nuclei segmentation is a fundamental task in digital pathology analysis and can be automated by deep learning-based methods. However, the development of such an automated method requires a large amount of data with precisely annotated masks which is hard to obtain. Training with weakly labeled data is a popular solution for reducing the workload of annotation. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-learning-based nuclei segmentation method which follows the label correction paradigm to leverage data with noisy masks. Specifically, we design a fully conventional meta-model that can correct noisy masks using a small amount of clean meta-data. Then the corrected masks can be used to supervise the training of the segmentation model. Meanwhile, a bi-level optimization method is adopted to alternately update the parameters of the main segmentation model and the meta-model in an end-to-end way. Extensive experimental results on two nuclear segmentation datasets show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art result. It even achieves comparable performance with the model training on supervised data in some noisy settings. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Emotion correlation mining through deep learning models on natural language text

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wang, Xinzhi Kou, Luyao Sugumaran, Vijayan Luo, Xiangfeng Zhang, Hui School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Institute of Public Safety Research Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing Beijing100084 China Key Laboratory of City Integrated EmergencyResponse Science Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Decision and Information Sciences Oakland University RochesterMI48309 United States Center for Data Science and Big Data Analytics Oakland University RochesterMI48309 United States

Emotion analysis has been attracting researchers’ attention. Most previous works in the artificial-intelligence field focus on recognizing emotion rather than mining the reason why emotions are not or wrongly recognized. The correlation among emotions contributes to the failure of emotion recognition. In this article, we try to fill the gap between emotion recognition and emotion correlation mining through natural language text from Web news. The correlation among emotions, expressed as the confusion and evolution of emotion, is primarily caused by human emotion cognitive bias. To mine emotion correlation from emotion recognition through text, three kinds of features and two deep neural-network models are presented. The emotion confusion law is extracted through an orthogonal basis. The emotion evolution law is evaluated from three perspectives: one-step shift, limited-step shifts, and shortest path transfer. The method is validated using three datasets: 1) the titles;2) the bodies;and 3) the comments of news articles, covering both objective and subjective texts in varying lengths (long and short). The experimental results show that in subjective comments, emotions are easily mistaken as anger. Comments tend to arouse emotion circulations of love–anger and sadness–anger. In objective news, it is easy to recognize text emotion as love and cause fear–joy circulation. These findings could provide insights for applications regarding affective interaction, such as network public sentiment, social media communication, and human–computer interaction. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Purchase Prediction in Free Online Games via Survival Analysis

Purchase Prediction in Free Online Games via Survival Analys...

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IEEE International Conference on Big data

作者： Wanshan Yang Ting Huang Junlin Zeng Yan Tang Lijun Chen Shivakant Mishra Youjian Eugene Liu Department of Computer Science University of Colorado CO USA Department of Data Analytics Yoozoo Games Shanghai China Department of Electrical Computer &Energy Engineering University of Colorado CO USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728108582

ISBN: (纸本)9781728108599

In the free online game industry, in-game purchase prediction is an important research topic. On the one hand, knowing the players who are likely or unlikely to pay for the game can help the development of corresponding marketing strategies and incentives. On the other hand, the result of purchase prediction indicates the status of the game operation status and helps the game company allocate a reasonable amount of resources for the game. In this paper, we focus on predicting the purchase probability of paying players and finding important features. We consider two types of features related to players' playing and purchase behaviors. Then, based on these features we proposed, we use two different models to predict the survival probability for players and analyze the feature importance.

关键词： Games Predictive models Forestry Hazards Vegetation Companies Currencies

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V-Trel: Vocabulary trainer for tracing word relations - An implicit crowdsourcing approach 12

V-Trel: Vocabulary trainer for tracing word relations - An i...

引用

12th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing, RANLP 2019

作者： Lyding, Verena Rodosthenous, Christos T. Sangati, Federico Ul Hassan, Umair Nicolas, Lionel König, Alexander Horbacauskiene, Jolita Katinskaia, Anisia Institute for Applied Linguistics Eurac Research Bolzano/Bozen Italy Open University of Cyprus Cyprus Orientale University of Naples Italy Insight Centre for Data Analytics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Kaunas University of Technology Lithuania Department of Computer Science University of Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9789544520557

In this paper, we present our work on developing a vocabulary trainer that uses exercises generated from language resources such as ConceptNet and crowdsources the responses of the learners to enrich the language resource. We performed an empirical evaluation of our approach with 60 non-native speakers over two days, which shows that new entries to expand ConceptNet can efficiently be gathered through vocabulary exercises on word relations. We also report on the feedback gathered from the users and an expert from language teaching, and discuss the potential of the vocabulary trainer application from the user and language learner perspective. The feedback suggests that v-trel has educational potential, while in its current state some shortcomings could be identified. © 2019 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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From ancient times to modern: realizing the power of data visualization in healthcare and medicine

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Big data analytics 2020年第1期5卷 1-7页

作者： Elgendi, Mohamed Howard, Newton Hussain, Amir Menon, Carlo Ward, Rabab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK Data Science and Cyber Analytics Research Group Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

data visuals (scientific images) display and express various amounts and types of information, and, as the saying goes,“an image is worth 1,000 words.” Based on a review of two studies, a new estimation of how many words an image is actually worth was calculated in an attempt to quantify the complicated biological process of image perception. The result revealed that an image is actually worth more than 30,000 words. This new value estimation provides insight into the power of images. Given that figures, graphs, and data visualizations are types of images commonly used in research and publications, every produced figure is important and must be carefully considered during the publication process.

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