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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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A Cost-Efficient Anonymous Authenticated and Key Agreement Scheme for V2I-Based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2024年第9期25卷 12621-12630页

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Alenazi, Mohammed J. F. Das, Ashok Kumar University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Chengdu611731 China Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen518000 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan The University of Lahore Department of Software Engineering Lahore54590 Pakistan King Saud University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia International Institute of Information Technology Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research Hyderabad500032 India

The rise of smart cities is directly connected to the increasing use of vehicles. The growing vehicle utilization has driven the emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), facilitating instant information exchange among vehicles. The system provides essential information regarding road conditions, traffic patterns, and more relevant data. VANETs encompass two fundamental categories of communication exchanges, namely Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). V2I technology facilitates the integration of cars and transportation infrastructure, enabling effective communication between vehicles and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the potential of V2I communication has various security concerns arising from prevalent security threats. Current authentication techniques encounter challenges regarding complexity, security, and privacy considerations. We designed a hash-based lightweight and anonymous authentication scheme to address the aforementioned restrictions and enhance the effectiveness of authentication in V2I architecture. This scheme effectively combines identity, password, and bio-metric to enhance resistance against impersonation, denial of service, and privileged insider attacks. The devised scheme distinguishes itself by a comparative analysis and security proofs, highlighting its superior capability in guaranteeing secure authentication in V2I communication. The comprehensive security analysis conducted formally and informally showcases the robustness of the proposed solution against several threats. The performance evaluation results show that our scheme demonstrates a decrease in the computational cost of 51.40% approximately and a reduction in communication overhead of around 22.57%. These results establish the efficiency and scalability of the proposed scheme as a viable solution for V2I architecture. © 2000-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Adversarial Machine Learning for Social Good: Reframing the Adversary as an Ally

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第9期5卷 4322-4343页

作者： Al-Maliki, Shawqi Qayyum, Adnan Ali, Hassan Abdallah, Mohamed Qadir, Junaid Hoang, Dinh Thai Niyato, Dusit Al-Fuqaha, Ala Division College of Science and Engineering Doha34110 Qatar Information Technology University Lahore54000 Pakistan University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney2052 Australia Qatar University Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Doha34110 Qatar University of Technology Sydney School of Electrical and Data Engineering Sydney2052 Australia Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been the driving force behind many of the recent advances in machine learning. However, research has shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples - input samples that have been perturbed to force DNN-based models to make errors. As a result, adversarial machine learning (AdvML) has gained a lot of attention, and researchers have investigated these vulnerabilities in various settings and modalities. In addition, DNNs have also been found to incorporate embedded bias and often produce unexplainable predictions, which can result in antisocial AI applications. The emergence of new AI technologies that leverage large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, increases the risk of producing antisocial applications at scale. AdvML for social good (AdvML4G) is an emerging field that repurposes the AdvML bug to invent prosocial applications. Regulators, practitioners, and researchers should collaborate to encourage the development of prosocial applications and hinder the development of antisocial ones. In this work, we provide the first comprehensive review of the emerging field of AdvML4G. This paper encompasses a taxonomy that highlights the emergence of AdvML4G, a discussion of the differences and similarities between AdvML4G and AdvML, a taxonomy covering social good-related concepts and aspects, an exploration of the motivations behind the emergence of AdvML4G at the intersection of ML4G and AdvML, and an extensive summary of the works that utilize AdvML4G as an auxiliary tool for innovating prosocial applications. Finally, we elaborate upon various challenges and open research issues that require significant attention from the research community. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Taxonomies

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Detectability of hierarchical communities in networks

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Physical Review E 2024年第3期110卷 034306页

作者： Leto Peel Michael T. Schaub Department of Data Analytics and Digitalisation School of Business and Economics Department of Computer Science

We study the problem of recovering a planted hierarchy of partitions in a network. The detectability of a single planted partition has previously been analyzed in detail and a phase transition has been identified below which the partition cannot be detected. Here we show that, in the hierarchical setting, there exist additional phases in which the presence of multiple consistent partitions can either help or hinder detection. Accordingly, the detectability limit for nonhierarchical partitions typically provides insufficient information about the detectability of the complete hierarchical structure, as we highlight with several constructive examples.

关键词： Community structure Complex systems Network structure Patterns in complex systems Block models data analysis

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Flow-Guided Deformable Alignment Network with Self-Supervision for Video Inpainting 48

Flow-Guided Deformable Alignment Network with Self-Supervisi...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Wu, Zhiliang Zhang, Kang Sun, Changchang Xuan, Hanyu Yan, Yan Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering China Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science United States Anhui University School of Big Data and Statistics China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

Video inpainting aims to utilize plausible contents to fill missing regions in the video. State-of-the-art video inpainting methods typically generate the missing contents of the target frame (current frame) by aggregating the temporal information of reference frames (neighboring frames) aligned using deformable convolution. However, these deformable convolution alignment networks often suffer from offset overflow during training, resulting in unsatisfactory alignment, thereby obtaining compromised inpainting performance. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised Flow-Guided Deformable Alignment (FGDA) network for aligning reference frames at the feature level. FGDA computes the residual of the optical flow as the offsets. This design can effectively reduce the burden of offsets learning, thereby avoiding offset overflow. Furthermore, a gradient-weighted reconstruction loss for supervised completed frame reconstruction is designed, which can use the gradients in all directions of the video frame to emphasize the difficultly reconstructed texture regions, so that detail textures get more attention during training. Experiments show that FGDA-based video inpainting model trained with gradient-weighted reconstruction loss outperforms the state-of-the-art by a significant margin in terms of PSNR and SSIM with relative improvements of 6.2% and 2.1%, respectively. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Alignment

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Software Reliability Assessment:An Architectural and Component Impact Analysis

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2025年第2期30卷 908-925页

作者： Saleh Alyahyan Mohammed Naif Alatawi Mrim M.Alnfiai Shoayee Dlaim Alotaibi Abdullah Alshammari Zaid Alzaid Hathal Salamah Alwageed Applied College in Dwadmi Shaqra UniverityShaqra 11961Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology University of TabukTabuk 47713Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Taif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of HailHail 55431Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hafr AlbatinHafar Albatin 31991Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Islamic University of MadinahMadinah 42351Saudi Arabia College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakaka 42421Saudi Arabia

In the software landscape,understanding component impacts on system reliability is pivotal,especially given the unique complexities of modern software *** paper presents a model tailored for software reliability *** approach introduces the“component influence”to measure a single component’s effect on overall system ***,we adapt a state transition model to cater to the diverse architectures of software *** a discrete-time Markov chain,we predict software *** test our model on an actual software system,finding it notably accurate and superior to existing *** work offers a promising direction for those venturing into software reliability enhancement.

关键词： software reliability architectural analysis state transition model

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Analysis of Trie-Based Lan File Search Engine

Analysis of Trie-Based Lan File Search Engine

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2023 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking, ICSCAN 2023

作者： Shanmugasundaram, C. Umamaheswari, C. Suriyaa, V. Tr, Kartikeyan Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering India St. Thomas College of Arts and Science Department of Computer Science with Data Science India Anna University Department of Computer Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315127

Searching and Accessing files in a computer device is one of the most important and basic task performed by the computer today. Each Operating System has a dedicated search bar for this, But however, In a network encompassing a multitude of systems, retrieving a specific file from various systems can pose a formidable task. Put differently, users frequently find it challenging to recollect the precise location where they've stored a particular file. This undertaking offers a user-friendly application interface wherein the user inputs the file's name, subsequently receiving both the precise file path and the IP address of the computer device within the network as output. We can access the file by clicking on the path generated. Accessing Files from multiple systems in a network is quite difficult and a Slow process and there are not many Applications which serve this purpose. We aim to overcome this problem by providing an efficient Trie data Structure based Searching Algorithm to search and access files in a network from any node in the Local Area Network. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Local area networks

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A Systematic Literature Review of CNN Approaches in Classifying Brain Tumor 6

A Systematic Literature Review of CNN Approaches in Classify...

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6th International Conference on computer and Informatics Engineering, IC2IE 2023

作者： Paulindino, Aedentrisa Yasmanda Pardamean, Bens Elwirehardja, Gregorius Natanael Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345162

The ability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to accurately discriminate between normal and tumorous brain tissues has been promising. The review focuses on the different CNN models, pre-processing methods, data augmentation, and Transfer Learning (TL) strategies used in this research. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) collected the data from Google Scholar. The results of this study indicate that open-source datasets from Kaggle and Brain MRI Images for Brain Tumor Detection are the most used datasets. However, limited data and imbalanced class problems remain common challenges across various datasets. To overcome those challenges, using a larger dataset, oversampling, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), federated learning, and Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) to handle the imbalance are the potential solution. Additionally, popular CNN architectures for brain tumor classification extensively use pre-trained models such as VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet121, DenseNet201, GoogleNet, ResNet-50, and Inception-v3. TL strategies are preferred, allowing CNNs to leverage knowledge from large datasets, improving generalization even with limited labeled data. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： brain tumor classification cnn mri pre-trained transfer learning

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Pap Smear Medical Image Classification Using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review 6

Pap Smear Medical Image Classification Using Deep Learning: ...

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6th International Conference on computer and Informatics Engineering, IC2IE 2023

作者： Selvano, Elvan Elwiehardja, Gregorius Natanael Pardamean, Bens Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Jakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345162

Cervical cancer has been known as one of the most prevalent medical disorders globally and a leading cause of death. Early detection, particularly through Pap tests, plays a vital role in its prevention. Previous studies have leveraged machine learning and deep learning techniques to classify the medical images obtained from Pap tests. In this study, a Systematic Literature Review methodology was used to examine 15 relevant papers that have been filtered from queries to Google Scholar which have gone through 4 stages of filtering that include: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. This study addresses two research questions regarding the datasets and deep learning techniques for classifying pap smear images in recent years. The performance of the models was analyzed and potential areas for improvements are suggested. The findings of this study reveal that the Herlev University Hospital and SIPaKMed datasets are the most used. The methodologies used by researchers range from machine learning techniques, transfer learning using Convolutional Neural Networks, and utilize state-of-the-art models with novel optimizing methodology. While there are exciting opportunities in the field, challenges include model generalization and interpretability. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： cervical cancer deep learning machine learning pap test

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MLSTM: A Novel Modified Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Melody Synthesis Melody Generation

MLSTM: A Novel Modified Long Short-Term Memory Networks for ...

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International Conference on Advanced Communications and Machine Intelligence, MICA 2023

作者： Ganguly, Tanudeep Sharma, Sushmita Deb, Suman Ezugwu, Absalom El-Shamir Saha, Apu Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala India Unit for Data Science and Computing North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9789819762217

This research elaborates a melody synthesis model utilizing a Modified Long Short-Term Memory (mLSTM) neural network, trained on Kern dataset, preprocessed into Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) files. After receiving a seed melody as input 01, the model predicts the note that will come next by looking at the notes that have come before it. The model can learn the structures and patterns seen in classical music by using MIDI files as the training dataset. Categorical cross-entropy loss function is used to train the model over several epochs with early halting. To regulate how random the predictions are, the model makes use of a temperature parameter. The assessment demonstrates that the produced tunes have a variety of traits and are aesthetically pleasing to human ears. To justify the performance of the proposed method some criteria were considered and expert evaluation was done. The evaluation shows that the model has generated the melodies that are pleasing to the ear and have a similar structure to the training dataset. The model has several uses, including prediction and music composition. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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