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2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies, ICACCTech 2024

作者： Ganjam, Amrutha Sriya Reddy C, Kishor Kumar Radhika, D. Ganjam, Karthik Singh.t, Monika Akuthota, Keerthi Sai Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women abids Department of Computer Science Hyderabad India University of Edinburgh Department School of Informatics MSc Data Science Edinburgh United Kingdom Stanley College of Engineering and Technology for Women Deptartment. of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519056

The creation of an algorithm for recognizing pathological abnormalities in cystic fibrosis is investigated in this paper using the CNN model with a modified psp-net. Currently, Decision Trees, Random Forests, PSP Nets, and Neural Networks are utilized in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can process complicated picture data rapidly and efficiently, the goal of this study is to use CNNs for the detection of anomalies associated with cystic fibrosis. The method groups distinct annotated images into a simple and efficient structure, runs the set of images through a multiscale CNN procedure, and precisely locates the lung region affected by cystic fibrosis. The result of this paper demonstrated that differences in the training dataset can impact performance, but annotating CT images and categorizing them in terms of similar pathologies can improve the accuracy of the model. The proposed CNN model achieved an Accuracy of 84 %, Precision of 74%, Recall of 79%, F1-Score of 72%, error rate of 16% Which is better when compared with existing approaches. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Safeguarding Ethical AI: Detecting Potentially Sensitive data Re-Identification and Generation of Misleading or Abusive Content from Quantized Large Language Models

Safeguarding Ethical AI: Detecting Potentially Sensitive Dat...

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17th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2024

作者： Kollapally, Navya Martin Geller, James Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States Department of Data Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States

Research on privacy-preserving Machine Learning (ML) is essential to prevent the re-identification of health data ensuring the confidentiality and security of sensitive patient information. In this era of unprecedented usage of large language models (LLMs), LLMs carry inherent risks when applied to sensitive data, especially as LLMs are trained on trillions of words from the internet, without a global standard for data selection. The lack of standardization in training LLMs poses a significant risk in the field of health informatics, potentially resulting in the inadvertent release of sensitive information, despite the availability of context-aware redaction of sensitive information. The research goal of this paper is to determine whether sensitive information could be re-identified from electronic health records during Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as text classification without using any dedicated re-identification techniques. We performed zero and 8-shot learning with the quantized LLM models FLAN, Llama2, Mistral, and Vicuna for classifying social context data extracted from MIMIC-III. In this text classification task, our focus was on detecting potential sensitive data re-identification and the generation of misleading or abusive content during the fine-tuning and prompting stages of the process, along with evaluating the performance of the classification. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS–science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Differential privacy

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3D Based CNN for Improved Segmentation from the Hyperspectral Images 1

3D Based CNN for Improved Segmentation from the Hyperspectra...

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1st International Conference on computer science and Emerging Technologies, CSET 2023

作者： Narmadha, T. Arockia Raj, A. Saravanan, P. Kumar, A. Suresh Sekaran, Ramesh Gowri Shankar, J. School of Computer Science and Engineering Jain Deemed to Be University Bengaluru India Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Data Science Madanapalle India School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University Delhi NCR India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350341737

In this paper, we develop a 3D based CNN for Improved Segmentation of Paddy Fields from the HSI. Within the scope of this research, we will investigate a unique deep learning model, specifically 3D-CNN. In order to evaluate the validity of the model, it is applied to three separate datasets, each of which is then subjected to one of four distinct dimensionality reduction strategies. The purpose of this is to determine which of these four models is the most effective at reducing the number of dimensions. According to the findings, the 3D-CNN model is superior to both the AlexNet and CNN models in terms of the accuracy of its segmentations. In addition to this, the findings demonstrate that the 3D-CNN models perform better than the other approaches in terms of segmentation accuracy with a smaller number of datasets. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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DFA-GNN: Forward Learning of Graph Neural Networks by Direct Feedback Alignment 38

DFA-GNN: Forward Learning of Graph Neural Networks by Direct...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Zhao, Gongpei Wang, Tao Lang, Congyan Jin, Yi Li, Yidong Ling, Haibin Key Laboratory of Big Data & Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Ministry of Education China School of Computer Science & Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University United States

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are recognized for their strong performance across various applications, with the backpropagation (BP) algorithm playing a central role in the development of most GNN models. However, despite its effectiveness, BP has limitations that challenge its biological plausibility and affect the efficiency, scalability and parallelism of training neural networks for graph-based tasks. While several non-backpropagation (non-BP) training algorithms, such as the direct feedback alignment (DFA), have been successfully applied to fully-connected and convolutional network components for handling Euclidean data, directly adapting these non-BP frameworks to manage non-Euclidean graph data in GNN models presents significant challenges. These challenges primarily arise from the violation of the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption in graph data and the difficulty in accessing prediction errors for all samples (nodes) within the graph. To overcome these obstacles, in this paper we propose DFA-GNN, a novel forward learning framework tailored for GNNs with a case study of semi-supervised learning. The proposed method breaks the limitations of BP by using a dedicated forward training mechanism. Specifically, DFA-GNN extends the principles of DFA to adapt to graph data and unique architecture of GNNs, which incorporates the information of graph topology into the feedback links to accommodate the non-Euclidean characteristics of graph data. Additionally, for semi-supervised graph learning tasks, we developed a pseudo error generator that spreads residual errors from training data to create a pseudo error for each unlabeled node. These pseudo errors are then utilized to train GNNs using DFA. Extensive experiments on 10 public benchmarks reveal that our learning framework outperforms not only previous non-BP methods but also the standard BP methods, and it exhibits excellent robustness against various types of noise and attacks. © 2024 Neura

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Marine Life Analysis Based on Ocean Water Level Rise and Climate Change Using Underwater Imaging Techniques

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2024年第4期7卷 657-669页

作者： Mate, Anuja Dinesh Arulananth, T.S. Sathiya, T. Jyothi, B. Swarna Raja, A. Wasim Yalawar, Mrutyunjaya S. Computer Technology Sou.Venutai Chavan Polytechnic Pune India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Telangana Hyderabad 500043 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sona College of Technology Tamil Nadu Salem India Computer Science & amp Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology & amp Science Andhra Pradesh Madanapalle India Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering CMR Engineering College Hyderabad India

Forecasting sea levels is crucial for harbour operations and coastal structure design. The oceans make up two-thirds of Earth’s surface;therefore, historically, the marine economy has been extremely diversified as well as abundant. In order to explore as well as harness this difficult environment, prominent businesses and ecological groups are developing and deploying novel gadgets backed by state-of-the-art marine mechatronics solutions. This research proposes a novel method of marine life monitoring with ocean water level rise analysis based on climate changes by underwater imaging using machine learning techniques. Here, the input has been collected as underwater images as well as processed for noise removal and normalisation. Then, these images were segmented for monitoring marine life using U-Net graph cut fuzzy clustering with a spatial neural network. Then this segmented image has been classified using multilayer region-based Q-belief vector neural networks for the analysis of sea level rise analysis based on climate change training. Experimental analysis has been carried out for various marine life monitoring datasets and climate change datasets in terms of training accuracy, specificity, recall, AUC, and Kappa-coefficient. Proposed techniques achieved specificity 93%, training accuracy 91%, AUC 95%, recall 96%, and Kappa-coefficient 90%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Climate changes Machine learning techniques Marine life monitoring Q-belief vector Water level rise analysis

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Combating deepfakes: a comprehensive multilayer deepfake video detection framework

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第38期83卷 85619-85636页

作者： Rathoure, Nikhil Pateriya, R.K. Bharot, Nitesh P., Verma Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Mata Mandir Bhopal462003 India Data Science Institute University of Galway University road GalwayH91TK33 Ireland Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering University of Limerick Castletroy LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland

Deepfakes represent a class of synthetic media crafted with the aid of advanced deep learning techniques that exhibit an unparalleled degree of authenticity. The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of deepfakes on the internet, consequently amplifying the spread of misinformation among the public. Consequently, the detection of deepfakes has become a pressing concern. In this context, we put forth a comprehensive framework for deepfake video detection, which is built upon three distinct layers. The first layer, termed as the RGB features extraction layer, is designed to identify potential signs of forgery within the spatial domain of analogous video frames. The second layer, known as the GAN features extraction layer, focuses on the extraction of forgery fingerprints in the high-frequency region. This layer is specifically engineered to detect the fingerprints left by the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) process in fake videos and the traces of the imaging process in genuine videos. The third and final layer, referred to as the facial region intra-frame inconsistency feature extraction layer, is dedicated to uncovering the anomalies associated with the manipulation process. This is achieved by extracting features from both the inner and outer regions of the manipulated portion of a frame. The extensive experimental evaluations have underscored the superior performance of proposed approach in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Real-Time Road Damage Detection and Infrastructure Evaluation Leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Tiny Machine Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024年第12期11卷 21347-21358页

作者： Khan, Muhammad Waseem Obaidat, Mohammad S. Mahmood, Khalid Batool, Dania Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Aamir, Muhammad Gao, Wu Comsats University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Department Of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Superior University Department Of Computer Science Lahore54000 Pakistan The University Of Jordan King Abdullah Ii School Of Information Technology Amman11942 Jordan University Of Science And Technology Beijing School Of Communication And Computing Engineering Beijing100083 China Amity University Amity School Of Engineering And Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida201301 India National Yunlin University Of Science And Technology Graduate School Of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University Of Palermo Department Of Engineering Palermo90133 Italy Emerson University Department Of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan60000 Pakistan Northwestern Polytechnical University Center For Bio-Inspired System-on-Chip School Of Computer Science Xi'an710060 China

Road damage detection (RDD) through computer vision and deep learning techniques can ensure the safety of vehicles and humans on the roads. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in RDD and infrastructure evaluation (IE) has also emerged as a key enabler, contributing significantly to data acquisition and real-time monitoring of road damages, such as potholes, cracks, and surface anomalies, facilitating proactive maintenance and improved road conditions. These UAVs are low-powered and resource-constrained devices that work autonomously to perform pattern detection and decision making leveraging tiny machine learning (Tiny ML) algorithms. These Tiny ML algorithms are designed to run on edge devices, IoT devices, UAVs, etc. In this study, the RDD2022 data set collected using UAVs and dashboard cameras of vehicles was utilized to train pure and mixed models that exhibit class instance imbalance in certain classes which is addressed by implementing data augmentation as a regularization technique. State-of-the-art two-stage detectors: Faster R-CNN ResNet101 and one-stage detectors: SSD MobileNet V1 FPN, YOLOv5, and Efficientdet D1 are employed. The results indicate that the two-stage detector achieved an impressive mean average precision (mAP) of 88.49% overall and 96.62% for focused classes. Notably, the state-of-the-art Efficientdet D1 approach achieved a competitive mAP of 86.47% overall and 95.12% for focused classes, with significantly lower computational cost. These findings highlight the potential of advanced object detection techniques, particularly Efficientdet D1, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of RDD systems, thereby improving passenger safety and overall performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Advancements in Environmental data Analysis for Climate-Resilient Agriculture Using Remote Sensing and Deep Learning

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2024年第4期7卷 670-680页

作者： Nirmal, Khyati R. Reddy, Chilukala Mahender P, Jose Tulasi, Rajesh Maheswari, G. Uma Sapthami, I. SNJB’S Late Sau KBJ CoE Maharashtra Nashik India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science GITAM Deemed to Be University Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & amp D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Avadi India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation A.P Vaddeswaram Guntur Dist. India Department of Computer Science and Engineering RMK College of Engineering and Technology Chennai Pudhuvoyal India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad India

Weather significantly influences agricultural productivity. Plant biotic and abiotic stressors are primarily induced by climate change, resulting in a detrimental effect on worldwide agricultural productivity. These two components are closely interconnected. This paper presents an innovative approach in smart agriculture for climate change combining remote sensing and a deep learning algorithm. The input is obtained as a multispectral environmental image and then subjected to noise reduction and normalisation processing. The image has been retrieved using a primary convolutional component with a stacked encoder model. The retrieved features are identified using ResNet graph reinforcement neural networks. The resulting classification output displays environmental imagery depicting climate variations. The agriculture sector has been analysed based on the classified climate analysis. The experimental results have been conducted on diverse farm datasets related to climate change, evaluating the detection accuracy, recall, mean average precision, normalized correlation, and F-1 score. The proposed method achieved a detection accuracy of 98%, a normalised correlation of 95%, a mean average precision of 92%, a recall of 97%, and an F-MEASURE of 94%. Machine learning can assist in monitoring and predicting the impact of climate change on food security, as indicated by the findings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Climate change Deep learning model Remote sensing Smart agriculture Stacked encoder model

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Artificial Vision - Yolov8 Algorithm for Objects and Impediments Detection 2

Artificial Vision - Yolov8 Algorithm for Objects and Impedim...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational science, ICERCS 2024

作者： Lakshmi, S. Jothi Sasirekha, S.P. Mekala, N. Reshma, R. Nair, V. Indu Bhagya, S.G. Nehru Institute of Technology Department of Information Technology Coimbatore India Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Coimbatore India SNS College of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Coimbatore India Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Davangere India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534950

This paper presents an object detection method using YOLO technique (You Only Look Once) based deep learning algorithm to help visually impaired people in their daily life. A Cobotic Spectacle is a cutting-edge product designed specifically for visually impaired individuals. The system seamlessly integrates face motion recognition, object identification and text detection functionalities using YOLO Algorithm. The real time object detection method uses YOLO and convolution neural networks (CNN) for single forward propagation from end to end. The proposed system utilizes YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art real-time object detection algorithm, which is trained on the Common Object in Context (COCO) dataset to accurately identify objects in front of a person. With a high degree of accuracy, the system then conveys the identified object information through a synthesized voice output, thereby enhancing visual perception and providing an immersive *** face motion recognition module promotes improved social interaction, while object identification increases environmental awareness. This integrated solution combines edge processing and cloud-based analysis for portability, real-time processing, and computational efficiency. A Cobotic Spectacle empowers visually impaired individuals, providing a state-of-the-art smart spectacle system that enhances visual perception, promotes independence, and improves their overall quality of life. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Hyper parameter Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for Extracting Social Determinants of Health Text

Hyper parameter Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for Ext...

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17th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2024

作者： Martin Kollapally, Navya Geller, James Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States Department of Data Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States

Clinical factors account only for a small portion, about 10-30%, of the controllable factors that affect an individual's health outcomes. The remaining factors include where a person was born and raised, where he/she pursued their education, what their work and family environment is like, etc. These factors are collectively referred to as Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). Our research focuses on extracting sentences from clinical notes, using an SDoH ontology (called SOHO) to provide appropriate concepts. We utilize recent advancements in Deep Learning to optimize the hyper parameters of a Clinical BioBERT model for SDoHtext. A genetic algorithm-based hyper parameter tuning regimen improved with principles of simulated annealing was implemented to identify optimal hyper parameter settings. To implement a complete classifier, we pipelined Clinical Bio BERT with two subsequent linear layers and two dropout layers. The output predicts whether a text fragment describes an SDoH issue of the patient. The proposed model is compared with an existing optimization framework for both accuracy of identifying optimal parameters and execution time. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Electronic health record

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