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2024 International Conference on Military communication and Information systems, ICMCIS 2024

作者： Kloth, Sean Rettore, Paulo H.L. Zibner, Philipp Santos, Bruno P. Sevenich, Peter Institute of Computer Science 4 University of Bonn Bonn Germany Fraunhofer Fkie Department of Communication Systems Bonn Germany Federal University of Bahia Department of Computer Science Salvador Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373196

This study investigates the robustness of a Software-defined Networking (SDN) controller when confronted with a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attack in a tactical environment. A proactive defense mechanism is introduced to detect and respond to a flooding of 'packet-in' requests, triggering a response once the network features indicate an anomaly. The methodology consists of two components: the Cyber Defense Agent (CDA), consisting of monitoring, feature engineering, detection, and responses, and the Cyber Attack Agent (CAA), including the preparation, execution, and evaluation of the attack. The CDA monitors all the IP flows from the SDN controller and processes four main features such as the average number of 'packet-in' requests, the response time to these requests, the entropy of IP addresses and ports for source and destination, and 'packet-in' requests per switch to identify compromised switches. All the components were emulated and tested, collecting quantitative evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of both agents. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Software defined networking

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Towards a Cyber Defense System in Software-Defined Tactical Networks

Towards a Cyber Defense System in Software-Defined Tactical ...

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International Conference on Military communications and Information systems (ICMCIS)

作者： Sean Kloth Paulo H.L. Rettore Philipp Zißner Bruno P. Santos Peter Sevenich Institute of Computer Science 4 University of Bonn Bonn Germany Department of Communication Systems Fraunhofer FKIE Bonn Germany Department of Computer Science Federal University of Bahia Salvador Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350373196

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373202

This study investigates the robustness of a Software-defined Networking (SDN) controller when confronted with a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attack in a tactical environment. A proactive defense mechanism is introduced to detect and respond to a flooding of “packet-in” requests, triggering a response once the network features indicate an anomaly. The methodology consists of two components: the Cyber Defense Agent (CDA), consisting of monitoring, feature engineering, detection, and responses, and the Cyber Attack Agent (CAA), including the preparation, execution, and evaluation of the attack. The CDA monitors all the IP flows from the SDN controller and processes four main features such as the average number of “packet-in” requests, the response time to these requests, the entropy of IP addresses and ports for source and destination, and “packet-in” requests per switch to identify compromised switches. All the components were emulated and tested, collecting quantitative evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of both agents.

关键词： Switches Feature extraction Denial-of-service attack Control systems Entropy IP networks Time factors

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Heuristic Search for Nonlinear Substitutions for Cryptographic Applications

Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technol...

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Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and communications Technologies 2023年 180卷 288-298页

作者： Kuznetsov, Oleksandr Frontoni, Emanuele Kandiy, Sergey Smirnov, Oleksii Ulianovska, Yuliia Kobylianska, Olena Department of Political Sciences Communication and International Relations University of Macerata Via Crescimbeni 30/32 Macerata62100 Italy Department of Information and Communication Systems Security Faculty of Comupter Science V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq Kharkiv61022 Ukraine Department of Information Engineering Marche Polytechnic University Via Brecce Bianche 12 Ancona60131 Italy Cybersecurity & Software Academic Department Central Ukrainian National Technical University 8 University Avenue Kropyvnytskyi25006 Ukraine Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Customs and Finance Vernadskogo Street 2/4 Dnipro49000 Ukraine

Heuristic algorithms are used to solve complex computational problems quickly in various computer applications. Such algorithms use heuristic functions that rank the search alternatives instead of a full enumeration of possible variants. The algorithm selects, at each iteration, an alternative with the best value for the heuristics. In this paper, we investigate the complex computational problem of finding highly nonlinear substitutions (S-boxes) in the space of 8-bit permutations. The generation of S-boxes is an important field of research, since nonlinear substitutions are widely used in various cryptographic applications. For instance, S-boxes in symmetric ciphers are responsible for cryptographic strength to linear, differential, algebraic, and other types of cryptanalysis. We propose new heuristics in the form of a cost function, calculated with the Walsh-Hadamard transform. We use the Hill Climbing Algorithm to find highly nonlinear substitutions. Our experiments demonstrate that the new heuristics give good results – it takes about 80,000 iterations of the algorithm to generate 8-bit S-boxes with a nonlinearity of 104. For the optimized parameters, the number of iterations of the algorithm is comparable to the best known results, which confirms the significance and value of the research. © The Author(s).

关键词： Cost functions

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Reinforcement Learning and Fuzzy Logic Modelling for Personalized Dynamic Treatment 3

Reinforcement Learning and Fuzzy Logic Modelling for Persona...

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3rd AIxIA Workshop on Artificial Intelligence For Healthcare, HC@AIxIA 2024

作者： Locatelli, Marco Cerioli, Roberto Clemens Besozzi, Daniela Hommersom, Arjen Stella, Fabio Department of Informatics Systems and Communication University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre - B4 University of Milano-Bicocca MB Vedano al Lambro Italy Department of Computer Science Open University P.O. Box 2960 Heerlen6401DL Netherlands

The treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases is a difficult problem to be tackled. Its complexity mainly originates from the following sources: the patient-specific response to the prescribed therapy, the impact of the interplay between disease and therapy on the quality of life of the patient and relatives, and the economic costs incurred by the healthcare system. Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing, studying, and applying artificial intelligence methods to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment personalization. This paper combines two techniques from artificial intelligence, namely fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning, to develop optimal dynamic treatment for patients suffering from a chronic disease. In this paper, we focus on cancer as a chronic disease and leverage a biologically validated fuzzy logic model from the literature. Different problem settings, of increasing complexity, are taken into account, presented and analyzed. Results of an extensive numerical experimental plan confirm the potential of non-myopic decision-making when treating chronic disease patients. © 2024 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Comparative Analysis of Cryptocurrency Trading Platforms Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process 3

Comparative Analysis of Cryptocurrency Trading Platforms Usi...

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3rd International Workshop on Information Technologies: Theoretical and Applied Problems, ITTAP 2023

作者： Kuznetsov, Oleksandr Kryvinska, Natalia Ilchenko, Oleksii Smirnova, Tetiana Ulianovska, Yuliia Department of Political Sciences Communication and International Relations University of Macerata Via Crescimbeni 30/32 Macerata62100 Italy Department of Information and Communication Systems Security School of Computer Sciences V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University 4 Svobody Sq. Kharkiv61022 Ukraine Department Department of Information Systems University of Comenius Bratislava Slovakia Oracle Slovensko spol. s r.o. Bratislava Slovakia Department of cyber security and software Central Ukrainian National Technical University 8 University Ave Kropyvnytskyi25006 Ukraine Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Customs and Finance av. Volodymira Vernadskogo 2/4 Dnipro49000 Ukraine

In the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrency trading, selecting an optimal trading platform is paramount for both novice and seasoned investors. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of leading cryptocurrency trading platforms using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP, a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, was employed to rank platforms based on multiple criteria, including UI/UX, security protocols, asset diversity, and more. Initial findings, considering equal importance for all criteria, highlighted Binance as the most favorable platform. However, when varying the importance of criteria based on empirical data, the distinctions between platforms became less pronounced, yet Binance retained its top position. This research not only offers valuable insights for potential investors but also emphasizes the significance of considering multiple criteria in decision-making processes. Furthermore, the study underscores the versatility of the AHP in evaluating multifaceted scenarios, making it a valuable tool for future research in diverse domains. © 2023 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process

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Mobility Prediction at the Tactical Edge: A Handover for Centralized/Decentralized Networks

Mobility Prediction at the Tactical Edge: A Handover for Cen...

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International Conference on Military communications and Information systems (ICMCIS)

作者： Merlin von Rechenberg Johannes F. Loevenich Philipp Zißner Paulo H. L. Rettore Roberto Rigolin F. Lopes Peter Sevenich Dept. of Communication Systems Fraunhofer FKIE Bonn Germany Institute of Computer Science 4 University of Bonn Bonn Germany Department of Mathematics/Computer Science University of Osnabrück Bonn Germany Secure Communications & Information (SIX) Thales Deutschland Ditzingen Germany

This paper presents a mobility prediction model as part of a handover mechanism combining centralized and decentralized network control to improve performance and resilience in tactical networks. Our approach utilizes mobility prediction to optimally switch between control modes, minimizing packet loss from live user data flows and maximizing the duration of centralized control connectivity. The prediction model ingests mobility trace files, extracts supplementary mobility features, and employs a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to forecast system states representing the network link quality. We evaluate the model using two mobility paradigms: Gauss-Markov and Manhattan-Grid. For the Gauss-Markov model, our method achieves 44% accuracy in predicting network states 60 seconds into the future and up to 72% accuracy for 5-second predictions. Our approach exhibits higher accuracy with the Manhattan-Grid model, attaining 67% and 82% for 60 and 5-second predictions, respectively. A comparative analysis with a previously implemented RSSI-based mechanism demonstrates that our prediction-based mechanism enhances centralized control connectivity duration by 56% and mitigates packet loss by 1.24%. This work contributes to advancing adaptive handover mechanisms for complex tactical networks.

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An HCI Experiment to Explore Interactive Artificial Life Art 24th

An HCI Experiment to Explore Interactive Artificial Life Ar...

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24th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, HCI International, HCII 2022

作者： Dumo, Glare Lind, Pedro G. Nichele, Stefano Department of Computer Science OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass Oslo0130 Norway AI Lab – OsloMet Artificial Intelligence Lab Pilestredet 52 Oslo0166 Norway NordSTAR – Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research Pilestredet 52 Oslo0166 Norway Department of Holistic Systems Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Pilestredet 52 Oslo0166 Norway Department of Computer Science and Communication Østfold University College B R A Veien 4 Halden1757 Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031063909

We present an interface for creating art using tools from artificial intelligence and artificial life. The interface is tested and validated, through an online experiment with the aim of investigating how AI algorithms can be used for enabling humans - able or disabled - to express their artistic creativity. The interface uses evolutionary algorithms to generate images and videos of life-like patterns of pixels, based on rules describing local updates for cellular automata. Participants were asked to select a sequence of rules, either randomly generated (control group) or assisted by an interactive evolutionary algorithm which takes into account the participant’s previous choices (test group). Our results show a significantly higher satisfaction of the test group with a significance level of 95 % and a power of 82 %. Finally, we also discuss the usefulness of such an interface for people with disabilities and limitations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Cellular automata

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Using GPT-4 to guide causal machine learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Constantinou, Anthony C. Kitson, Neville K. Zanga, Alessio research group School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Informatics Systems and Communication University of Milano - Bicocca Milan Italy Data Science and Advanced Analytics F. Hoffmann - La Roche Ltd Basel Switzerland

Since its introduction to the public, ChatGPT has had an unprecedented impact. While some experts praised AI advancements and highlighted their potential risks, others have been critical about the accuracy and usefulness of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we are interested in the ability of LLMs to identify causal relationships. We focus on the well-established GPT-4 (Turbo) and evaluate its performance under the most restrictive conditions, by isolating its ability to infer causal relationships based solely on the variable labels without being given any other context by humans, demonstrating the minimum level of effectiveness one can expect when it is provided with label-only information. We show that questionnaire participants judge the GPT-4 graphs as the most accurate in the evaluated categories, closely followed by knowledge graphs constructed by domain experts, with causal Machine Learning (ML) far behind. We use these results to highlight the important limitation of causal ML, which often produces causal graphs that violate common sense, affecting trust in them. However, we show that pairing GPT-4 with causal ML overcomes this limitation, resulting in graphical structures learnt from real data that align more closely with those identified by domain experts, compared to structures learnt by causal ML alone. Overall, our findings suggest that despite GPT-4 not being explicitly designed to reason causally, it can still be a valuable tool for causal representation, as it improves the causal discovery process of causal ML algorithms that are designed to do just that. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Active RIS-Aided Massive MIMO With Imperfect CSI and Phase Noise

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless communications 2025年

作者： Peng, Zhangjie Zhu, Jianchen Pan, Cunhua Zhang, Zaichen Da Costa, Daniel Benevides Elkashlan, Maged Karagiannidis, George K. Shanghai Normal University College of Information Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shanghai200234 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing Department of Electrical Engineering Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Greece Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Systems Research Center Lebanon

As a recently proposed reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture, active RIS has drawn considerable interest. The important feature of the active RIS is its ability to strengthen the impinging signals to mitigate the multiplicative fading effect inherent in passive RIS-aided systems. Herein, we explore the performance of an active RIS-aided uplink multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, considering the phase noise at the RIS. Furthermore, a two-timescale scheme is utilized, where the base station (BS) beamforming is designed based on the instantaneous aggregated channel state information (CSI), while the statistical CSI is used for designing the phase shifts of the active RIS. In addition, the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator is adopted to estimate the aggregated channel, which combines both the cascaded and direct channels. According to the estimated channel, a closedform expression for the lower bound of achievable rate is derived. Based on the theoretical expressions, the power scaling laws for the considered system are also investigated. Specifically, when each user’s transmit power is proportionally reduced by the quantity of BS antennas M or RIS elements N, we find that the amplified thermal noise causes the lower bound of the achievable rate to approach zero as M or N tends to infinity. Moreover, an optimization approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced to obtain the optimal phase shifts for maximizing the achievable rate. Numerical results reveal that the active RIS can greatly enhance the performance of the massive MIMO system compared to its passive counterpart. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Secure communication of Active RIS Assisted NOMA Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Xuehua Pei, Yingjie Yue, Xinwei Liu, Yuanwei Ding, Zhiguo The Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems Ministry of Information Industry The Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China The School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

As a revolutionary technology, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been deemed as an indispensable part of the 6th generation communications due to its inherent ability to regulate the wireless channels. However, passive RIS (PRIS) still suffers from some pressing issues, one of which is that the fading of the entire reflection link is proportional to the product of the distances from the base station to the PRIS and from the PRIS to the users, i.e., the productive attenuation. To tackle this problem, active RIS (ARIS) has been proposed to reconfigure the wireless propagation condition and alleviate the productive attenuation. In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of the ARIS assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks with the attendance of external and internal eavesdroppers. To be specific, the closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secrecy system throughput are derived by invoking both imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) and perfect SIC. The secrecy diversity orders of legitimate users are obtained at high signal-to-noise ratios. Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the theoretical expressions and indicate that: i) The SOP of ARIS assisted NOMA networks exceeds that of PRIS-NOMA, ARIS/PRIS-assisted orthogonal multiple access (OMA);ii) Due to the balance between the thermal noise and residual interference, introducing excess reconfigurable elements at ARIS is not helpful to reduce the SOP;and iii) The secrecy throughput performance of ARIS-NOMA networks outperforms that of PRIS-NOMA and ARIS/PRIS-OMA networks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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