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Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices

作者： Y.X. Li K. Galatsis W. Wlodarski J. Cole S. Russo J. Gorman N. Rockelmann C. Cantalini School of Electrical and Computer System Engineering Department of Applied Physics RMIT University Australia Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chinese Academy and Sciences Shanghai China School of Electrical and Computer System Engineering Department of Applied Physics RMIT University Melbourne Australia Department of Chemistry and Materials University di L''Aquila Italy Manufacturing Science and Technology CSIRO Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780366980

Amorphous and polycrystalline tungsten trioxide (WO/sub 3/) thin films were prepared using the sol-gel process. Tungsten ethoxide was used as precursor material. The WO/sub 3/ thin films were spun onto the sapphire and silicon substrates at 2500 rpm for 30 s. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the films annealed at low temperature of 420/spl deg/C for 1 hr. are amorphous while those annealed at as high as 500/spl deg/C are polycrystalline. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images revealed that the film annealed at 360/spl deg/C was amorphous and the surface was smooth. The film showed good responses to 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1% O/sub 2/ at an operating temperature of 170/spl deg/C. At high operating temperatures the films showed unsaturated and sluggish responses to oxygen gas. The amorphous WO/sub 3/ thin films showed no response to ozone. The crystallized thin films showed very stable response to oxygen.

关键词： Amorphous materials Transistors Annealing Temperature Tungsten Scanning electron microscopy Semiconductor thin films Silicon Substrates X-ray imaging

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Fully complex backpropagation for constant envelope signal processing

Fully complex backpropagation for constant envelope signal p...

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IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing

作者： Taehwan Kim T. Adali Information Technology Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Center for Advanced Aviation System Development MITRE Corporation McLean VA USA

One of the challenges in designing a neural network to process complex-valued signals is finding a suitable nonlinear complex activation function. The main reason for this difficulty is the conflict between the boundedness and the differentiability of complex functions in the entire complex plane, stated by Louiville's theorem. To avoid this difficulty, splitting, i.e., using two separate real nonlinear activation functions for the real and imaginary signal components has been the traditional approach. We introduce a feedforward neural network (FNN) architecture employing hyperbolic tangent tanh(z) function defined in the entire complex domain, and compare its performance with the FNN that uses a split complex structure. Since tanh(z) is analytic and bounded almost everywhere in the complex plane, when trained by backpropagation, it can easily outperform the non-analytic split complex activation function in convergence speed and achievable minimum squared error when the domain is bounded around the unit circle. We demonstrate this property by an equalization example, equalization of multi-phase shift keying (MPSK) signals corrupted by a multipath channel. The properties of tanh(z) and future directions to combat nonlinear distortions in complex transmission schemes are discussed.

关键词： Backpropagation Signal processing Neural networks Signal analysis Phase modulation Wireless communication Information technology Laboratories computer science Signal design

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Real-time digital signal processing of component-oriented phased array radars

Real-time digital signal processing of component-oriented ph...

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Real-Time systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： Chin-Fu Kuo Tei-Wei Kuo Cheng Chang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Phased Array Radar Section Electronic System Division Chung Shang Institute of Science and Technology Lung Tan Taiwan

With the advance of hardware and software technology, modern phased array radars are now built with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, and it opens up a new era in real-time resource scheduling of digital signal processing. This paper targets the essential issues in building a component-oriented signal processor (SP), which is one of the two major modules in modern phased array radars. We propose a simple but effective task allocation policy and a real-time scheduling algorithm to address the design objectives of SPs. We are able to bound the number of processing units needed for a component-oriented SP in the design time, while everything was done empirically in the past. A series of experiments were done to demonstrate the strength of our methodology.

关键词： Phased arrays Digital signal processing Radar signal processing Signal processing Real time systems Processor scheduling Hardware Radar tracking Spaceborne radar computer science

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Performance improvements of data-link layer protocol in WATM

Performance improvements of data-link layer protocol in WATM

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Sungchun Park Sungwon Lee Young-Jae Song Dong-Ho Cho Yong-Bae Dhong Technical research and Development Korea Data Communications KDC Corporation Anyang South Korea IMT-2000 system developmmt group Samsung Electronics Company Limited South Korea Department of Computer Engineering Kyung Hee University South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology South Korea Korea Electronics and Technology Institute South Korea

In these days, a mobile communication service has high-speed and multimedia characteristics. Due to the high error ratio of wireless link environments, a DLC protocol that is optimized for a wire network could not be used in wireless link environments. Thus, the DLC protocol that is suitable for mobile communication environments is required. To solve these problems, we propose an efficient WATM DLC layer protocol. The proposed DLC protocol could support various traffic attributes of high-speed multimedia services. That is, the proposed DLC layer protocol provides a piggyback response, the multiple-ack, and a multiple retransmission mechanism based on SR-ARQ. Also, an outband retransmission scheme using dynamic bandwidth is provided for the delay sensitive service and multi-copy transmission is applied in seriously faded radio environments such as handover. According to the simulation results, the suggested schemes show a better performance than the conventional SR-ARQ protocol in view of the cell transmission delay and throughput.

关键词： Wireless application protocol Delay Forward error correction Data communication Throughput Wireless sensor networks Automatic repeat request Mobile communication Error correction Testing

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Electromagnetic field characteristics of radial line slot antennas for surface wave coupled plasma production

Electromagnetic field characteristics of radial line slot an...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： T. Yamamoto M. Ono M. Ando N. Goto N. Ishii Y. Yasaka Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sci. Faculty of Eng Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Eng Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo Japan Department of Electronics and System Faculty of Engineering Takushoku University Hachioji Tokyo Japan Corporate R&D Central Research Laboratory Tokyo Electron Limited Nirasaki Yamanashi Japan

In plasma processing systems for large sized wafer, quick evacuation of reaction gas by making the process space gap narrow is required to realize higher productivity and better quality of microelectronic devices. The wafer must be placed closely to the antenna aperture in this case. A radial line slot antenna (RLSA) for surface wave coupled plasma (SWP) is a promising candidate to this end. A novel slot arrangement in the aperture, which consists of densely arrayed transverse slots, was fabricated and tested. A uniform, high electron density of 3/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ and large-area plasma under the condition of low electron temperature has already been realized by experiments. It dispenses with DC magnetic fields required in ECR systems. For further development of slot design as well as the mechanism extraction of plasma generation, this paper evaluates the electromagnetic near fields of SWP RLSAs. As the first step, antennas in free space without the plasma as well as the glass vacuum window, is analyzed using the periodic array model. The predicted near field distribution is compared with the experiments and reasonable agreement is reported.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Slot antennas Plasma temperature Plasma devices Apertures Plasma density Plasma waves Electrons Plasma properties Plasma materials processing

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The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) for the JEM Exposure Facility

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2000年第1期504卷 187-192页

作者： S. Torii N. Tateyama T. Tamura T. Ouchi K. Kashiwagi K. Yoshida K. Hibino T. Yamagami Y. Saito H. Murakami T. Kobayashi Y. Komori K. Kasahara T. Yuda M. Ohnishi M. Shibata F. Makino J. Nishimura 1Institute of Physics Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Institute of Computer Science Kanagawa University Yokohama Kanagawa 221-8686 Japan 2Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Sagamihara Kanagawa 229-8510 Japan 3Department of Physics Rikkyo University Tokyo 171-8501 Japan 4Department of Physics Aoyama-gakuin University Tokyo 157-8672 Japan 5Kanagawa Prefectural College of Nursing Yokohama Kanagawa 241 Japan 6Department of System Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Omiya Saitama 330-8570 Japan 7Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Tanashi Tokyo 188-8502 Japan 8Department of Physics Yokahama National University Yokohama Kanagawa 240-0067 Japan 9National Space Development Agency of Japan Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8505 Japan 10Yamagata Institute of Technology Yamagata 993 Japan

The CALET instrument is proposed for the Japanese Experiment Module/Exposure Facility (JEM/EF) on International Space Station (ISS) to resolve the long-term puzzles in high-energy cosmic-ray physics. The ISS gives us a unique opportunity to carry out the measurements of cosmic ray electrons with a relatively heavy and large detector, and for the long exposure. The instrument will be composed of an imaging calorimeter with scintillating fibers and a total absorption calorimeter for detecting the electrons up to 10,000 GeV. The origin of high-energy electrons and the diffusion characteristics in the Galaxy will be revealed by measuring the energy spectrum of electrons and the anisotropy of arrival directions. By the excellent capability of the CALET, both of the gamma-rays over GeV and nucleus component up to 1015 eV might be investigated as additional possibilities of the observation.

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Can a robot's adaptive behavior be animal-like without a learning algorithm?

Can a robot's adaptive behavior be animal-like without a lea...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： T. Kitamura Department of Mechanical System Engineering College of Computer Science and System Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what task and to what extent a robot loading CBA (Consciousness-based Architecture) can achieve without learning algorithm. CBA is developed by the author's group, a five-layered hierarchical architecture of the relationship between consciousness and behavior: the hierarchy has the evolutionary arrangement of behaviors from reactive behaviors to symbolic ones. But no leaning algorithm is explicitly embedded in CBA. Behavioral outputs with CBA simulating fish, rat and ape, were compared with the two typical psychological experiments, discrimination learning, stochastic learning, by Bitterman. Results of the simulation show that CBA up to lower mammal level is successful in equivalents to the learnings. CBA also explains that it can accept conditioning by reinforcement stimuli. CBA, however, needs rule-based knowledge/learning algorithm for stochastic learning at ape level.

关键词： Marine animals Psychology Intelligent robots systems engineering and theory Stochastic processes Robot control Artificial intelligence Humans Mechanical systems Educational institutions

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Magnetostatic forward volume wave soliton in a microstrip line with YIG film substrate

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Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part II: Electronics (English translation of Denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi) 1999年第4期82卷 39-46页

作者： Okubo, Kensuke Tsutsumi, Makoto Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Soja 719-1197 Japan Faculty of Engineering and Design Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto 606-0962 Japan Department of Information Communication Engineering Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Department of Electronic Information Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology

This article considers the envelope soliton of a magnetostatic forward volume wave propagating in a YIG thin-film microstrip line. It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that this waveguide works as a device for microwave pulse compression and for short pulse generation. According to the experimental results, an input 35-ns microwave pulse at 3 GHz was compressed to 10 ns. Also, by means of the split-step Fourier method, the mode of soliton propagation is numerically evaluated and compared with the experimental values. From the results, it is found that the YIG thin-film microstrip line has better characteristics than conventional devices, such as trapping of microwave energy in the strip. It is also found that the use of a nonuniform magnetic bias field is extremely effective.

关键词： Microwave circuits

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Tri-output cellular neural network and its application to diagnosing liver diseases

Tri-output cellular neural network and its application to di...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Zhong Zhang Zhi-Qiang Liu H. Kawabata Department of System Engineering Industrial Technology Center of Okayama Okayama Japan Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Soja Japan

The saturation (output) function is important to cellular neural networks (CNN) because it affects the operation, stable equilibrium points, and the performance of CNN. However, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic design procedure for the output function is not available in the literature. In this paper, we present a simple, yet effective design method for the tri-output cellular neural network (TCNN). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the output function using our design procedure, we tested TCNN on synthesized images. In addition, we applied the tri-output cellular neural network to the diagnosis of liver diseases and obtained very encouraging results.

关键词： Cellular neural networks Liver diseases Differential equations systems engineering and theory computer science Design methodology Application software computer industry Testing Network synthesis

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Developing a sensorless approach for switched reluctance motors from a new analytical model

Developing a sensorless approach for switched reluctance mot...

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Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)

作者： S. Saha K. Ochiai T. Kosaka N. Matsui Y. Takeda Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic System Engineering Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan

In this paper, a new analytical model for the nonlinear flux-linkage/current characteristics of the switched reluctance motors (SRM) at different rotor positions is proposed. The uniqueness of the model lies in a simple algorithm for estimating the rotor position. Hence, a sensorless drive of the SRM is implemented using this analytical model. The estimation of the rotor position under different operating conditions of the SRM is found to be very stable when the speed is varied within a ratio of 1:20 and the applied load is changed from 0 to 100%. Thus, excellent performance of the sensorless drive is obtained and is reported in details.

关键词： Reluctance motors Analytical models Reluctance machines Rotors Polynomials Costs Couplings Magnetization Sensorless control Equations

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