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Reliability evaluation of highly reliable computer control systems for energy generation, transmission and distribution

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第2期6卷 111-118页

作者： Kochs, HD Dieterle, W Dittmar, E Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Dieter Kochs (1943) VDE is head of the Department of Computer Science and Information Processing Systems at the Gerhard Mercator-University of Duisburgl Germany. He received the Dip1.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering and the Dr.-Ing. degree from the RWTH Aached Germany in 1972 and 1976 respectively. From 1979 to 1991 he was system engineer and division leader in the areas of R & D of highly-reliable large-scale control and information systems (AEGIDaimler FAG-Kugelfischer). Since 199 1 he has been Professor at the University of Duisburg. His current R & D areas are reliability safety and fault tolerance of technical systems especially automation systems and hybridknowledge based systems including fuzzy-logic and neural networks. (Gerhard-Menxitor-University-GH Duisburg FB 71FG 10 Lotharstr. 1 D-47048 Duisburg T +49203/379-2204 Fax +49203I379-2205) Dipl.-Ing. Werner Dieterle (1966). VDE received his degree in Electrical Engineering (Dip1.-Ing.) from the Technical University of Karlsruhd Germany in 1991. After having finished his studies he joined the scientific staff of the department of Computer Science and Information Processing Systems at the Gerhard-Mercator-University of Duisburgg Germany. His research interests include design of highly-reliable distributed computer control systems with particular focus on system communication. (Gerhard-Mercator-University -GH Duisburg FB 7/FG 10 Lothantr. 1 D-47048 Duisburg T +49203/3793483 Fax +49203/379-2205) Ing. (grad.) Ewald Dittmar (1943) received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the school of engineering in Mannheim/Germany. Since then he worked for different industrial companies and utilities. Since 1988 he has been with ABB/Germany where he cumntly is head of the strategy department of ABB Network Control and Rotection. He investigates new development strategies for modern control systems hardware and software architecture in the area of energy transmission and distribution. (ABB Netzleittechnik GmbH. Wallstadter S

The paper presents the results of an application-based reliability study of distributed computer control systems with very high reliability demand, e.g. for supervision and control of power plants and energy distribution systems. A reliability classification scheme is presented and typical redundant control system structures are evaluated and classified due to their system reliability Special focus is placed on assessing the influence of the communication system on total system reliability.

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Linear-programming-based method for optimum schedule of reactive power sources in power systems

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第1期6卷 31-37页

作者： AbdelSalam, MM ElSadek, MZ Hussein, AI Hussein, AA Mazen Abdel-Salam (1946) received the B.Sc. degree in 1967 The M.SC. degree in 1970 and the Ph.D. degree in 1973 all in Electrical Engineering from the University of Cairo Egypt. In 1967 he was with the Academy of Science and Technology Cairo as a Research Assistant. In 1973 he joined the faculty of Electrical Engineering at Assiut University Egypt as an Assistant Professor and in October 1977 he became an Associate Professor. During the academic years of 1977 to 1979 he was an Alexander-von-Humboldt Fellow in the Electrical Engineering Department TU Munic/Germany and the Electrical Engineering Department University of Liverpoo YGB. In September 1979 he began work as a Researcher with General Electric Co. Pittsfield MANSA. In January 1982 he rejoined Assiut University as a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering. During the academic years of 1982 to 1984 he was Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Jordad Amman. During the academic years of 1982 to 1984 he was a visiting Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton NSA. From 1990 to 1994 he was a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering in the Department of Electrical Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran/Saudi Arabia. He had obtained Research Fellowships at the Military Technical University of Hamburg Eemany in 1984 at the University of Leedd GB in 1988 at Kaiserslautern University/Germany in 1989 and at Michigan Technological University in 1990. He is currently a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering Assiut University. His research activities include corona studies digital calculation of electric fields investigations of high-voltage phenomena low-voltage distribution networks and control of electrical machines. He is a fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers Londod GB and of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers New York AJSA. (Assiut University Electrical Engineering Departmen

This paper proposes a linear-programming optimization-based method for reactive power scheduling using generator terminal voltages and reactive outputs, transformer tap-settings and switchable reactive power sources as control variables. Dual linear programming is applied to minimize a composite objective function consisting of the cost of the adjusted control variables and the system transmission losses. The proposed composite objective function is more economical than that of the minimum total adjustment of the control variables and calls for less adjustments of var sources to meet the desired voltage limits. The proposed method is applicable to practical transmission and distribution networks, 500 kV to 11 kV of small and large sizes.

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An applied ethnographic method for redesigning user interfaces 95

An applied ethnographic method for redesigning user interfac...

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1st Conference on Designing Interactive systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, and Techniques, DIS 1995

作者： Rose, Anne Shneiderman, Ben Plaisant, Catherine Human Computer Interaction Laboratory Center for Automation Research United States Department of Computer Science Institute for System Research University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916735

Methods for ohserving software users in the workplace will hecome increasingly important as the numher of people using computers grows and developers improve existing systems. Successful redesigns rely, in part, on complete and accurate evaluations of the existing systems. Based on our evaluation experience, we have derived a set of practical guidelines to he used hy designers in preparing for the evaluation, performing the field study, analyzing the data, and reponing the findings. By providing a general framework hased on ethnographic research, we hope to reduce the likelihood of some common prohlems, such as overlooking important information and misinterpreting ohservations. Examples from our ongoing work with the Maryland department of Juvenile Justice arc used to illustrate the proposed guidelines. © 1995 ACM.

关键词： User interfaces

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Secure pay-per-view testbed

Secure pay-per-view testbed

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and systems (ICMCS)

作者： D. Cunningham D. O'Mahony Networks and Telecommunications Research Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Trials of video on demand and pay-per-view systems are underway in many countries, and as a result, many cable and telecommunications companies are having to upgrade or replace their distribution networks. Video streams must be secure in order to prevent unauthorized viewing of the programs being transmitted, yet most existing security systems do not make use of the potential for bidirectional signalling in new and upgraded networks. It would prove more useful to many companies if they could use one system to test a number of different distribution networks to see if they save an acceptable quality of service. In this manner, a company could decide if existing networks could be used without substantial changes, or whether expensive upgrades or indeed replacements were justified.

关键词： Testing Video compression Video on demand Bidirectional control Watches Cable TV Streaming media Smart cards Optical films Transform coding

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Optimal mapping of neural networks onto FPGAs1 - A new constructive algorithm 3rd

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3rd International Workshop on Artificial Neural networks, IWANN 1995

作者： Beiu, Valeriu Taylor, John G. King’s College London Centre for Neural Networks Department of Mathematics Strand LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom ‘Politehnica’ University of Bucharest Computer Science Department SpL Independentei 313 BucharestR0-77206 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)3540594973

The paper shows how a feedforward neural network defined by a set of m binary examples of n bits each, can be determined by a novel constructive algorithm (which determines the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer and the synaptic weights of a particular neural network). For doing that, the optimisation criteria of the new algorithm can be chosen from the following: (i) the area of the circuit A;(ii) the AT2 complexity measure of VLSI;(iii) the delay T;or (iv) the maximum fan-in for a gate A. As a result the neural network which is build can be optimised for mapping onto a FPGA. By considering the maximum fan-in of one neuron as a parameter, we proceed to show its influence on the area, and suggest how to obtain a full class of solutions. We also compare our results with other constructive algorithms and benchmark it on the classical "two spirals problem." Conclusions and some open problems are closing the paper. © 1995, Springer Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Stabilization of inverted pendulum by the genetic algorithm

Stabilization of inverted pendulum by the genetic algorithm

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： S. Deris S. Omatu K. Kitagawa Computer Science and Information System Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computer and Systems Sciences College of Engineering University of Osaka Prefecture Sakai Osaka Japan

The authors consider stabilization of an inverted pendulum which can be controlled by moving a cart in an intelligent way. Here, the authors adopt a PID(proportional plus integral plus derivative) control method to stabilize the pendulum since the PID controller has been extensively used in the industrial world. This controller requires the determination of PID control gains, but it is difficult to select the best gains theoretically. Thus, there have been many approaches to determine them empirically. Most of them are based on experience of operators and knowledge. Here, the authors propose a method using neural networks to tune the PID gains such that human operators tune the gains adaptively according to the environmental condition and systems specification. The tuning method is based on the error backpropagation method (BP method) and hence, it may be trapped in a local minimum. In order to avoid the local minimum problem, the authors use the genetic algorithm to find the initial values of the connection weights of the neural network and initial values of PID gains. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the present approach.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Three-term control Neural networks Optimal control Humans Fuzzy control Process control Position measurement computer science Information systems

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A new technique to derive features for shift and unequally scaled images

A new technique to derive features for shift and unequally s...

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International Conference on Neural networks

作者： P. Raveendran S. Omatu Department of Electrical Engineering Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Computer and System Science College of Engineering University of Osaka Sakai Osaka Japan

This paper presents a technique to derive features for images that are shifted and unequally scaled. The problem is formulated using conventional regular moments. It is shown that the conventional regular moment-invariants remain no longer invariant when the image is scaled unequally in the x- and y-directions. A method is proposed to form moment-invariants that do not change under such unequal scaling. computer simulation results are also included to show the validity of the method proposed.

关键词： Pattern recognition Educational institutions computer simulation Image recognition Image coding Mirrors Reflection

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Automatic analysis of consistency between implementations and requirements: a case study

Automatic analysis of consistency between implementations an...

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Annual Conference on computer Assurance

作者： M. Chechik J. Cannon Computer Science Department University of Maryland College Park MD USA University System of Maryland Adelphi MD US Dept. of Comput. Sci. Maryland Univ. College Park MD USA

Formal methods like model checking can be used to demonstrate that safety properties of event-based systems are enforced by the system's requirements. Unfortunately, proving these properties provides no guarantee that they will be preserved in an implementation of the system. This paper describes a tool, called Analyzer, which discovers instances of inconsistency and incompleteness in implementations, and a case study of its use. Analyzer uses requirements information to check: that all state transitions implemented in the code are exactly those specified in the requirements. If programmers annotate their implementations with comments describing changes of values of requirements variables, our tool checks it against the requirements. Analyzer can also verify that the implementation is a model of user-specified safety properties. The tool can perform interprocedural analysis and verify properties which involve multiple state machines. In our case study, we analyzed the requirements and the implementation of a water-level monitoring system and discovered instances of inconsistency (testing incorrect conditions) and incompleteness (missing timing constraints) in the implementation.

关键词： computer aided software engineering Safety Performance analysis Condition monitoring system testing computer science Educational institutions Information analysis Programming profession Contracts

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Response to letter by K. Gurney

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Neural networks 1995年第3期8卷 491-491页

作者： T.G. Clarkson J.G. Taylor D. Gorse Centre for Neural Networks King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS UK Department of Computer Science University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK

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Steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems by means of artificial neural network

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1995年第2期5卷 91-97页

作者： Chiodo, E. Menniti, D. Testa, A. Picardi, C. Elio Chiodo (1959) received the degree in Electronics Engineering in 1985 and the Ph.D. degree in Computational Statistics both from the University of Naplefltaly. He is a Researcher at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples and a member of the Italian Statistical Society. His areas of interest include probabilistic methods applied to electric power systems analysis. (University of Naples Fedrrico 11. Electrical Engineering Dept.via Claudio 21 1-80125 Naplefltaly T +3981/7683226 Fax+3981/2396897) Daniele Menniti (1958) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Calabria. Cosenzataly and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of NapleslItaly in 1984 and 1989 respectively. He is a researcher at the Electronic. Computer and Systems Science Department of the University of Calabria. Italy. Hiscurrent research interests concern electric power system analysis real-time control and automation. (University of Calabria Electronic Computer and Systems Science Dep. Arcavacataji Rende (CS). 1-87036 CosenzdItaly T +39984/494707. Fax +39984/4947 13) Alfredo Testa (1950) received the degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is an Associate Professor in Electrical Power Systems at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Naples. He is engaged in researches on electrical power systems reliability and harmonic analysis. (University of Naples Federico 11. Electrical Engineering Dep. via Claudio '2 1 1-80 I25 NapleslItaly T + 39 8 I/7 68 3'2 11. Fax+3981/2396897) Ciro Picardi (1949) received the degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Naples/Italy in 1975. He is currently Associate Professor in Process Control at the Department of Electronic Computer and System Science of the University of Calabria. Italy. His current research interests are in the area of electrical drives robotics neural networks and fuzzy control. (University of Calabria Electronic. Compu

An artificial‐neural‐network (ANN) application for steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems is presented. Such application is based upon a combined use of a multilayer back‐propagation neural network and of an opportune electrical system model, previously proposed by some of the authors. In the paper, the definition of steady‐state security and the problems arising from its on‐line evaluation are briefly recalled. Then, the ANN utilized is described with particular reference to the solutions adopted by the authors. Afterwards, some remarks on the system model utilized are reported. Finally, numerical applications on the AEP‐14 bus system are presented and the results obtained with different ANN configurations are analyzed. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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