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Being specific about geographic information crowdsourcing: A typology and analysis of the Missing Maps project in South Kivu 13

Being specific about geographic information crowdsourcing: A...

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13th International Conference on Information systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2016

作者： Herfort, Benjamin Eckle, Melanie De Albuquerque, João Porto GIScience Department Heidelberg University Germany Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of Warwick United Kingdom Dept. of Computer Systems ICMC University of Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788460879848

Recent development in disaster management and humanitarian aid is shaped by the rise of new information sources such as social media or volunteered geographic information. As these show great potential, making sense out of the new geographical datasets is a field of important scientific research. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a typology of geographical information crowdsourcing. Furthermore, we use this typology to frame existing crowdsourcing projects and to further point out the potential of different kinds of crowdsourcing for disaster management and humanitarian aid. In order to exemplify its practical usage and value, we apply the typology to analyze the crowdsourcing methods utilized by the members of the Missing Maps project developed in South Kivu.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Crowdsourced validation and updating of dynamic features in Open Street Map: An analysis of shelter mapping after the 2015 Nepal earthquake 13

Crowdsourced validation and updating of dynamic features in ...

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13th International Conference on Information systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2016

作者： Anhorn, Johannes Herfort, Benjamin De Albuquerque, João Porto South Asia Institute Heidelberg University Germany GI Science Department Heidelberg University Germany Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of Warwick United Kingdom Dept. of Computer Systems ICMC University of Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788460879848

The paper presents results from a validation process of OpenStreetMap (OSM) rapid mapping activities using crowdsourcing technology in the aftermath of the Gorkha earthquake 2015 in Nepal. We present a framework and tool to iteratively validate and update OSM objects. Two main objectives are addressed: first, analyzing the accuracy of the volunteered geographic information (VGI) generated by the OSM community;second, investigating the spatio-temporal dynamics of spontaneous shelter camps in Kathmandu. Results from three independent validation iterations show that only 10 % of the OSM objects are false positives (no shelter camps). Unexpectedly, previous mapping experience only had a minor influence on mapping accuracy. The results further show that it is critical to monitor the temporal dynamics. Out of 4,893 identified shelter camps, 54% were already empty/closed six days after the first mapping. So far, updating geographical features during humanitarian crisis is not properly addressed by the existing crowdsourcing approaches.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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ARS: Anonymous reputation system for vehicular ad hoc networks

ARS: Anonymous reputation system for vehicular ad hoc networ...

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IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications, LATINCOM

作者： Luz Marina Santos Jaimes Kifayat Ullah Edson dos Santos Moreira Department of Systems Engineering University of Pamplona Pamplona Colombia ICMC University of São Paulo Brazil Department of Computer Science CECOS University Peshawar Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509051380

Security mechanisms recommended by VANET standardization bodies are not sufficient to stop authorized vehicles from sending bogus or fake messages that in the worst cases could put people's life at risk. There are efforts in evaluating the behaviour of the vehicles in VANETs, based on reputation mechanisms. However, the most of them compromise the privacy, the messages are linkable and no anonymous. Our proposal ARS: Anonymous Reputation System for VANET focuses on a centralized reputation system privacy-preserving using pseudonyms and giving reputation level to different behavioral aspects of the vehicle. A reputation server collects feedback from the vehicles through a Road-Side Unit or vehicles with LTE/4G/5G connection and updates the vehicles reputation level by matching the pseudoidentities with its real identity. Considering the amount of negative feedback, ARS defines two security states to adapt the applications to the real security risk. We implement and evaluate the performance of ARS through a set of simulation experiments, based on an opportunistic message forwarding application. Results showed that the calculating reputation level of vehicles could help reduce the dissemination of fake messages.

关键词： Vehicles Vehicular ad hoc networks Servers Privacy Public key Safety

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Reporting an experience on the establishment of a quality model for systems-of-systems 27

Reporting an experience on the establishment of a quality mo...

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27th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, SEKE 2015

作者： Santos, Daniel Soares Oliveira, Brauner R.N. Duran, Adolfo Nakagawa, Elisa Yumi ICMC Department of Computer Systems University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil DCC Department of Computer Science Fraunhofer Project Center Federal University of Bahia Salvador BA Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)1891706373

Currently, systems-of-systems (SoS) have performed an important role in diverse application domains, with representative examples in airport, military, and smart-cities, including crisis/emergency management. SoS refer to complex software-intensive systems, resulted from interoperability of independent constituent systems, performing new missions that could not be performed by any constituents working separately. For these critical systems, their quality is undoubtedly essential. However, in general, there is a lack of studies that discuss how quality has been addressed in such systems. The main contribution of this paper is to present an experience of establishing a quality model (i.e., a set of quality characteristics/attributes, subcharacteristics, and metrics) for SoS, in particular, for the crisis/emergent management domain. This quality model is based on ISO/IEC 25010 and it has also proved to be an important support to evaluate a system of this domain, however their construction must be performed with caution. Experience such as presented in this work could be repeated in other domains, contributing to improve the quality of a diversity of critical, complex SoS that are currently being built. Copyright © 2015 by KSI Research Inc. and Knowledge systems Institute Graduate School.

关键词： System of systems

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A method for extracting task-related information from social media based on structured domain knowledge 21

A method for extracting task-related information from social...

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21st Americas Conference on Information systems, AMCIS 2015

作者： Link, Daniel De Albuquerque, João Porto Horita, Flávio E. A. Hellingrath, Bernd Ghasemivandhonaryar, Shabdiz European Research Center for Information Systems ERCIS University of Münster Münster Germany Department of Computer Systems ICMC University of São Paulo Brazil GIScience Institute Geography Heidelberg University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780996683104

Social media platforms have come into the focus of research as sources of information about the unfolding situation in disaster contexts. Incorporating information from social media into decision-making is still difficult though. One reason may be that the prevalent approach to data analysis works bottom-up, which has several limitations. In this paper, we adopt a top-down approach by means of a novel keyword-based method for identifying potentially relevant information in social media data based on structured knowledge of activities undertaken in a domain. The application of the method to the context of humanitarian logistics using four social media datasets shows its capability to identify potentially relevant information via reference tasks and to match identified information with decision-makers' activities. In addition, we offer a first set of domain-specific keywords to identify information related to infrastructure and resources in humanitarian logistics.

关键词： Disasters

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Extracting static and dynamic structural information from java concurrent programs for coverage testing

Extracting static and dynamic structural information from ja...

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Conferencia Latinoamericana En Informatica (CLEI)

作者： Rafael R. Prado Paulo S. L. Souza George G. M. Dourado Simone R. S. Souza Julio C. Estrella Sarita M. Bruschi Joao Lourenco Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SÃ£o Paulo BR Department of Computer Systems University of Sao Paulo ICMC Sao Carlos Brasil Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa Lisboa PT

This paper proposes novel techniques for the extraction of structural information from the source code of Java concurrent programs for their coverage testing. Such techniques differ from others because they consider synchronization flow among processes/threads, distinct paradigms of communication/synchronization, method calls and pointer manipulation. The structural information gathered from the source code is kept in a test model based on a Parallel Control Flow Graph (PCFG) and helps the generation of an instrumented source code, used for a future generation of trace files and to replay the concurrent execution. The results show the techniques can generate both an instrumented code and a PCFG for Java concurrent programs effectively, extracting static and runtime information required for structural testing.

关键词： Testing Concurrent computing Programming Java Message systems Synchronization Runtime

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Does the spatiotemporal distribution of tweets match the spatiotemporal distribution of flood phenomena? A study about the River Elbe Flood in June 2013

Does the spatiotemporal distribution of tweets match the spa...

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11th International Conference on Information systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2014

作者： Herfort, Benjamin De Albuquerque, João Porto Schelhorn, Svend-Jonas Zipf, Alexander GIScience Department Heidelberg University Germany Dept. of Computer Systems/ICMC University of Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780692211946

In this paper we present a new approach to enhance information extraction from social media that relies upon the geographical relations between twitter data and flood phenomena. We use specific geographical features like hydrological data and digital elevation models to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of georeferenced twitter messages. This approach is applied to examine the River Elbe Flood in Germany in June 2013. Although recent research has shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be complementary information sources for achieving situation awareness, previous work is mostly concentrated on the classification and analysis of tweets without resorting to existing data related to the disaster, e.g. catchment borders or sensor data about river levels. Our results show that our approach based on geographical relations can help to manage the high volume and velocity of social media messages and thus can be valuable for both crisis response and preventive flood monitoring.

关键词： Floods

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On using mutation testing for teaching programming to novice programmers 22

On using mutation testing for teaching programming to novice...

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22nd International Conference on computers in Education, ICCE 2014

作者： Oliveira, Rafael A.P. Oliveira, Lucas B.R. Cafeo, Bruno B.P. Durelli, Vinicius H.S. Department of Computer Systems ICMC University of Sao Paulo Brazil IRISA Research Institute University of South Brittany France Opus Research Group Informatics Department PUC-Rio France

ISBN: (纸本)9784990801410

In this paper we argue that the incorporation of experiences on testing activities, in particular mutation testing, in programming courses adds valuable knowledge to the learning process. Mutation testing is centered on the idea of creating test data for uncovering seeded faults in programs that slightly differ from the original program. These faulty programs are called mutants. Through source code analysis and test case execution, testers have to identify the differences between the original program and the mutants. To do so, testers must have a sound understanding of the program's control flow and instructions. This broad understanding of programming represents a key skill for novice students in programming courses. We evaluate the effects of using mutation testing to improve the learning process of novice students in programming courses. We conclude that the introduction of mutation testing in the learning process provides students with learning experiences that go beyond traditional lectures and hands-on programming courses.

关键词： Students

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Content-Based Image Retrieval of 3D Cardiac Models to Aid the Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure by Using Spectral Clustering

Content-Based Image Retrieval of 3D Cardiac Models to Aid th...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on computer-Based Medical systems

作者： Leila C.C. Bergamasco Rafael A.P. Oliveira Harry Wechsler Cainã Dajuda Márcio Delamaro Fátima L.S. Nunes Polytechnic School University of Sao Paulo São Paulo SP Brasil Dept. of Computer Systems University of São Paulo (ICMC/USP) São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Computer Science George Mason University Fairfax VA USA Laboratory of Health Informatics Application Sciences and Humanities University of Sao Paulo São Paulo SP Brasil

This paper describes a novel application of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) to search a medical database consisting of 3D models for diagnosis purposes. The 3D models, which are generated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and include depth information, are used to search for similarity a database of 3D annotated medical cases using their pairwise feature similarity. The 3D models consist of both local and global feature descriptors that consider the surface of the 3D model and the overall geometry of the medical artifact. The models are then matched using spectral clustering that embeds the Euclidean distance for affinity and partitions the models into two groups, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and non-CHF. This suffices to demarcate using pairwise similarity the existence of CHF for the left ventricle. Experimental results using thirty 3D models show the utility of the new 3D method compared to existing methods. In particular, the novel method yields 83% overall accuracy.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Solid modeling Computational modeling Feature extraction Medical diagnostic imaging Diseases

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Road terrain detection: Avoiding common obstacle detection assumptions using sensor fusion

Road terrain detection: Avoiding common obstacle detection a...

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25th IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, IV 2014

作者： Shinzato, Patrick Y. Wolf, Denis F. Stiller, Christoph Mobile Robotic Laboratory Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Sao Paulo - ICMC-USP Sao Carlos SP Brazil Department of Measurement and Control Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479936380

Obstacle detection is a fundamental task for Advanced Driver Assistance systems (ADAS) and Self-driving cars. Several commercial systems like Adaptive Cruise Controls and Collision Warning systems depend on them to notify the driver about a risky situation. Several approaches have been presented in the literature in the last years. However, most of them are limited to specific scenarios and restricted conditions. In this paper we propose a robust sensor fusion-based method capable of detecting obstacles in a wide variety of scenarios using a minimum number of parameters. Our approach is based on the spatial-relationship on perspective images provided by a single camera and a 3D LIDAR. Experimental tests have been carried out in different conditions using the standard ROAD-KITTI benchmark, obtaining positive results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive cruise control

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