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Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC), Southern African Universities

作者： Emmanuel Luwaca Senthil Krishnamurthy Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems (CSAEMS) Center for Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies (CSIET) Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798331535162

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535179

Communication plays a significant role in an electrical grid that includes Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). Modern control and automation systems used by these systems are predominantly distributed using domain standards such as IEC 61131-3. However, the IEC 61131-3 standard does not address communication. The IEC 61499 standard, in contrast, introduces the use of the Service Interface Function Block (SIFB) concept and high-level communication patterns to achieve hardware-independent access to communication services. This paper recommends the application of the IEC 61499 standard for DER control and automation and the application of SIFB to facilitate the ease of system integration in a DER plant. A low-cost gateway application using open-source IEC61499 tools is implemented, and its simulation results are presented.

关键词： Photovoltaic systems Power engineering Automation Simulation System integration Logic gates Distributed power generation IEC Standards MATLAB Standards

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Distance Protection Application for 33kV Traction Network

Distance Protection Application for 33kV Traction Network

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Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC), Southern African Universities

作者： Luthando Nkalitshana Senthil Krishnamurthy Haltor Mataifa Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems (CSAEMS) Center for Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies (CSIET) Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798331535162

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535179

The research investigates the laboratory-scale setup and functional testing of distance protection techniques for the Transnet traction system. The Transnet network, which powers South Africa's railway system, requires a strong protection mechanism to assure the safety and dependability of the electrical systems that power locomotives. Distance protection, essential in securing high-voltage transmission networks, is critical to detecting faults, isolating affected portions, and minimizing system interruptions. In this study, a simulation environment was created to simulate the features of the Transnet traction system, including traction substations, overhead power lines, and associated equipment. A lab-scale model was developed utilizing protection functional simulation to simulate real-time fault situations and evaluate the distance protection relay's response under different fault conditions. The performance and efficacy of the protection mechanism were assessed by varying key factors such as fault impedance, fault location, and fault types.

关键词： Rails Substations Simulation Reliability engineering Stability analysis Software Real-time systems Protection Load flow Testing

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IEC61850 GOOSE message application for a power transformer voltage control

IEC61850 GOOSE message application for a power transformer v...

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Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC), Southern African Universities

作者： Joniff Wellen Senthil Krishnamurthy Mukovhe Ratshitanga Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems (CSAEMS) Centre for Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies (CSIET) Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798331535162

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535179

Voltage regulation of power transformers is critical to controlling and maintaining system voltage levels in the electrical transmission and distribution network system. It is vital to keep the transmission and distribution network's voltage levels within a specified range and to avoid voltage levels from fluctuating outside of the predetermined range of allowed tolerance levels. Two SEL-2414 IEDs were employed in this study to perform the voltage control function of the parallel power transformers using a master-follower control scheme. The automatic tap changers that execute this voltage regulating function incorporate the IEC61850 GOOSE message application as the communication protocol. The paper demonstrates the control function, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation in a closed-loop simulation using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and the two transformer tap changer IEDs SEL-2414 were utilized for lab-scale implementation and validating the simulation results.

关键词： Substations Protocols Hardware-in-the-loop simulation Reliability engineering Real-time systems Power transformers Tap changers Voltage control Protection Remote monitoring

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Optimizing HVAC cooling system chilled water temperature and water flow rate using energy efficiency input–output model-based PSO

Optimizing HVAC cooling system chilled water temperature and...

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Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC), Southern African Universities

作者： Olukorede Tijani Adenuga Manduleli Mquqwana Senthil Krishnamurthy Mukovhe Ratshitanga Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Centre for Intelligent Systems and Emerging Technologies (CISET) Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville Cape Town South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798331535162

ISBN: (纸本)9798331535179

High industries motor-driven systems energy consumption has been growing significantly at an alarming rate, owing to higher cooling system demand. This contributes to a large portion of building total energy usage and an appropriate system operation control strategy promises large energy saving with embedded energy efficiency enhancement. The paper proposes a Particle Swarm Method (PSO) for the cooling system with chilled water temperature and water flow rate using an energy efficiency input–output model to minimize energy consumption. This work investigates the energy consumption of the 12-zone building with a variable frequency drive (VFD) to control an HVAC fixed-speed cooling water pump and the data is recorded every 15 minutes resulting in 32160 data sets. The methodology is based on the system delivering cold air at an HVAC system when the cooling water flow rate has been varied between 3.57 m 3 /h and 50 m 3 /h, while the evaporation outlet temperature has been kept constant at 2.1°C. In this scenario, chiller power consumption is constant while pump power varies in line with the cooling water flow rate. Optimizing cooling systems’ chilled water flow rate reduced chilled water pump energy savings by 41.9%. It is proposed to use sustainable energy in the industrial sector, with a special emphasis on South African goals and regulations on energy efficiency prospects in the industry sector value chain.

关键词： Industries Energy consumption HVAC Power demand Cooling Energy efficiency Mathematical models Water pumps Evaporation Particle swarm optimization

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ENHANCING DISINFORMATION DETECTION WITH EXPLAINABLE AI AND NAMED ENTITY REPLACEMENT

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： González Silot, Santiago Montoro-Montarroso, Andrés Cámara, Eugenio Martínez Gómez-Romero, Juan Universidad de Jaén Spain Department of Technologies and Information Systems Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Universidad de Granada Spain

The automatic detection of disinformation presents a significant challenge in the field of natural language processing. This task addresses a multifaceted societal and communication issue, which needs approaches that extend beyond the identification of general linguistic patterns through data-driven algorithms. In this research work, we hypothesise that text classification methods are not able to capture the nuances of disinformation and they often ground their decision in superfluous features. Hence, we apply a post-hoc explainability method (SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanations) to identify spurious elements with high impact on the classification models. Our findings show that non-informative elements (e.g., URLs and emoticons) should be removed and named entities (e.g., Rwanda) should be pseudo-anonymized before training to avoid models’ bias and increase their generalization capabilities. We evaluate this methodology with internal dataset and external dataset before and after applying extended data preprocessing and named entity replacement. The results show that our proposal enhances on average the performance of a disinformation classification method with external test data in 65.78% without a significant decrease of the internal test performance. © 2025, CC BY.

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A lightweight attention-driven YOLOv5m model for improved brain tumor detection

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 188卷 109893-109893页

作者： Muksimova, Shakhnoza Umirzakova, Sabina Mardieva, Sevara Iskhakova, Nargiza Sultanov, Murodjon Cho, Young Im Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University Sujeong-gu Seongnam-si461-701 Korea Republic of Department of Information Systems and Technologies of the Tashkent State University of Economic Tashkent100066 Uzbekistan Department of Systematic and Practical Programming Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi Tashkent100200 Uzbekistan

Brain tumors are regarded as one of the most lethal, devastating, and aggressive diseases, significantly reducing the life expectancy of affected individuals. For this reason, in pursuit of advancing brain tumor diagnostics, this study introduces a significant enhancement to the YOLOv5m model by integrating an Enhanced Spatial Attention (ESA) layer, tailored specifically for the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans. Traditional brain tumor detection methods, heavily reliant on expert interpretation of MRI, are fraught with challenges such as high variability and the risk of human error. Our innovative approach leverages the ESA layer to acutely focus on salient features, significantly improving the method ability to differentiate between common classes of brain tumors—meningioma, pituitary, and glioma tumors. By processing spatial features with enhanced precision, the model minimizes false positives and maximizes detection reliability. Validated against a comprehensive dataset of 3064 T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI images from 233 patients, our modified YOLOv5m architecture demonstrates superior performance metrics compared to the standard model, highlighting its potential as a robust tool in clinical applications for automated and precise brain tumor diagnosis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI

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Effect of Ignition Voltage Amplitude on Breakdown Delay Time of Ring Laser Discharge Gap

Effect of Ignition Voltage Amplitude on Breakdown Delay Time...

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International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)

作者： Anton O. Sinelnikov Ilya A. Smetanin Bogdan A. Basov Egor A. Smetanin Uliana F. Bykanova Computer science and control systems department Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics Laboratory of Microelectronics and Nanotechnology Mechanical engineering technologies department Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow Russian Federation Department of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering Department of Mechanics and Control Processes RUDN University Moscow Russian Federation

ISBN: (数字)9798331531836

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531843

The modern space industry requires autonomous and high-precision control systems for scientific and commercial missions. Strapdown inertial navigation systems based on laser gyroscopes play a key role in spacecraft control, especially in environments where satellite navigation is unavailable. In this paper, ring lasers with an active medium made of a helium-neon mixture, their design and operating modes are investigated. The influence of voltage on the ignition electrodes (4.2-5 kV) on the breakdown time of the active medium has been analyzed. It was found that increasing the voltage reduces the breakdown time, providing reliable activation of gyroscopes. The experimental results allowed to determine the optimal ignition parameters that increase operation reliability and reduce production losses. This contributes to the development of highly efficient spacecraft control systems, opening up new prospects for deep space exploration and control of satellite systems.

关键词： Space vehicles Breakdown voltage Electric breakdown Power lasers Ignition Ring lasers Laser modes Control systems Gyroscopes Reliability

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Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tethered VTOL Drone with Custom Autopilot and Robust Control Techniques

Design and Development of a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tether...

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16th APCA International Conference on Automatic Control and Soft Computing, CONTROLO 2024

作者： Safaee, Ahmad Aguiar, A. Pedro Santos, Filipe Neves Moreira, Antonio Paulo SYSTEC-ARISE Research Center for Systems and Technologies Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science CRIIS-Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems Porto4200-465 Portugal INESC-TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering and DEEC/FEUP - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto Porto4200-465 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031817236

The need for aerial platforms capable of sustained operation is critical in fields such as surveillance, agricultural monitoring, disaster response, and temporary telecommunication systems. Traditional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are hampered by limited battery capacity and inefficient energy utilization. This paper introduces an autonomous vertical flight drone tethered to a ground-based platform, which overcomes these limitations. The drone is designed to optimize its position and energy usage by harnessing wind currents, functioning similarly to a kite when conditions permit. This is enabled by a custom-designed autopilot system comprising both hardware and software tailored for this application. We detail the model identification process for three vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drone systems, employing authentic data that measures lateral positional errors from the tether. Robust mixed sensitivity controllers are developed and implemented. The effectiveness of these controllers is validated through simulations showing their capability to handle uncertainties. Furthermore, the practical application and robust performance of the system are confirmed by a real-world case study, highlighting its potential in real operational environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： VTOL/STOL aircraft

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High-Power LED Lamp Driver Modelling

High-Power LED Lamp Driver Modelling

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International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)

作者： Igor V. Chukhraev Marina A. Sevastyanova Vladimir E. Drach Julia V. Torkunova Computer Science and Control Department Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow Russian Federation Department of Innovative Engineering and Digital Technologies Sochi State University Sochi Russian Federation Department of Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems Kazan State Power Engineering University Kazan Russian Federation

ISBN: (数字)9798331531836

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531843

The growing demand for energy-saving lamps highlights critical limitations in traditional LED secondary optics, which reduce energy efficiency and complicate heat dissipation — a key factor in LED lamp longevity. This study proposes an optimized circuit design for a 20-watt LED driver that addresses these issues. The proposed driver ensures effective LED control while improving thermal management and eliminating drawbacks of conventional designs. Key principles of modern LED lamp design and current challenges are identified. The electronic schematic of the high-power LED driver was simulated using LTSpice software in order to analyze and optimize the circuit's performance, resulting in a driver solution that enhances efficiency and reliability.

关键词： Thermal management of electronics Reactive power Power engineering LED lamps Power supplies Lighting Energy efficiency Software Software reliability Standards

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Development of Fast Prediction System of User Action for a Fully Autonomous Smart Home System 4

Development of Fast Prediction System of User Action for a F...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Rajalakshmi, N.R. Sharmila, L. Prabu, S. Veeramakali, T. Arulkumaran, G. Chourasia, Pranshu Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&d Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu India School of Computing Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Kattankulathur Chennai India School of Computing Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Data Science and Business Systems Kattankulathur Chennai India School of Computing and Information Technology Reva University Karnataka Bangalore560064 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

The HVAC system, energy storage building, distributed power supply, and other equipment are integrated into the scheduling algorithm, which is aimed at reducing household electricity consumption. It is also assumed that users can provide energy to the grid according to their own conditions. Taking electricity cost and comfort level as optimization targets, a home energy optimization control model for the coordinated management of hybrid energy sources is built. A smart scheduling mechanism based on the improved adaptive particle swarm optimization approach is proposed in order to derive the best time intervals for electric appliances, necessary power for the control of the room temperature for every time frame, and power for charging and discharging of the storage battery at various moments. Simulation results show that through the incorporation of distributed photovoltaic power generation, backup storage by battery, and home energy optimization control, the system efficiently balances between user comfort and electricity consumption. This offers great technical support to the development of home energy management systems. By using time-of-use electricity price for energy acquisition and supply, the optimization control goal is minimizing both power use and cost as well as preserving comfort levels. The hybrid energy management's proposed home energy optimization control model uses an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the optimal operation schedules of the electrical appliances, the required power for temperature control in a room, and the charge/discharge power level of the storage battery at each time interval. As per the optimization principle, the proposed dynamic programming algorithm converts the multi-stage problem into a sequence of single-stage problems and solves them separately. This method successfully resolves intricate problems that cannot be addressed through greedy algorithms or divide-and-conquer. In this research, management ac

关键词： Decision making

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