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Forensic handwriting analysis: a hybrid classification framework for writer identification in Devanagari script

Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年 1-12页

作者： Sethi, Monika Kumar, Munish Jindal, M.K. Department of Computer Science and Application Panjab University Chandigarh India P.G. Department of Information Technology Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College Chandigarh India Department of Computational Sciences Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Punjab Bathinda India Department of Computer Science and Applications Panjab University Regional Centre Muktsar India

In a period marked by swift technological progress, the task of identifying writers through handwriting holds significant importance across various domains, including forensic investigation, plagiarism detection, and historical research. The importance of this endeavor has been further magnified by the widespread influence of digitalization. This study employs a hybrid approach that integrates cutting-edge deep learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), with traditional machine learning methodologies, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Deep learning techniques are particularly valuable for analyzing extensive handwriting samples because they can automatically discern complex features and patterns from large datasets. In this research, we synthesize predictions from deep learning models and employ machine learning classification for writer identification based on handwriting analysis. Central to our study is a comprehensive dataset of Devanagari characters, collected from 220 unique writers. This dataset has been thoughtfully curated to validate the methodology we have employed. Our hybrid classification approach, combining CNN with SVM and CNN with RF, achieves remarkable accuracy rates of 91.49% and 88.78%, respectively—significantly surpassing the performance of standalone SVM and RF models, which achieved accuracies of 59.52% and 59%, respectively. Through a series of comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness and precision of our proposed methodology in the domain of Devanagari script writer identification. The findings of this study not only underscore the potential of our methodology but also represent a substantial advancement in the fields of pattern recognition and machine learning technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Dual Test-Time Training for Out-of-Distribution Recommender System

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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 2025年第6期37卷 3312-3326页

作者： Yang, Xihong Wang, Yiqi Chen, Jin Fan, Wenqi Zhao, Xiangyu Zhu, En Liu, Xinwang Lian, Defu National University of Defense Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Changsha410073 China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Business and Management Hong Kong Hong Kong City University of Hong Kong Department of Data Science Hong Kong University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei Anhui230000 China

Deep learning has been widely applied in recommender systems, which has recently achieved revolutionary progress. However, most existing learning-based methods assume that the user and item distributions remain unchanged between the training phase and the test phase. However, the distribution of user and item features can naturally shift in real-world scenarios, potentially resulting in a substantial decrease in recommendation performance. This phenomenon can be formulated as an Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) recommendation problem. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Dual Test-Time-Training framework for OOD Recommendation, termed DT3OR. In DT3OR, we incorporate a model adaptation mechanism during the test-time phase to carefully update the recommendation model, allowing the model to adapt specially to the shifting user and item features. To be specific, we propose a self-distillation task and a contrastive task to assist the model learning both the user's invariant interest preferences and the variant user/item characteristics during the test-time phase, thus facilitating a smooth adaptation to the shifting features. Furthermore, we provide theoretical analysis to support the rationale behind our dual test-time training framework. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first work to address OOD recommendation via a test-time-training strategy. We conduct experiments on five datasets with various backbones. Comprehensive experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of DT3OR compared to other state-of-the-art baselines. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Fuzzy Decision-Based Clustering for Efficient Data Aggregation in Mobile UWSNs

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 259-279页

作者： Aadil Mushtaq Pandith Manni Kumar Naveen Kumar Nitin Goyal Sachin Ahuja Yonis Gulzar Rashi Rastogi Rupesh Gupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityJalandhar144402PunjabIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Salesforce Inc. DallasTX 75201USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCentral University of HaryanaMahendragarh123031HaryanaIndia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Application Sir Chhotu Ram Institute of Engineering and TechnologyCh.Charan Singh UniversityMeerut250001Uttar PradeshIndia Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia

Underwater wireless sensor networks(UWSNs)rely on data aggregation to streamline routing operations by merging information at intermediate nodes before transmitting it to the ***,many existing data aggregation techniques are designed exclusively for static networks and fail to reflect the dynamic nature of underwater ***,conventional multi-hop data gathering techniques often lead to energy depletion problems near the sink,commonly known as the energy hole ***,cluster-based aggregation methods face significant challenges such as cluster head(CH)failures and collisions within clusters that degrade overall network *** address these limitations,this paper introduces an innovative framework,the Cluster-based Data Aggregation using Fuzzy Decision Model(CDAFDM),tailored for mobile *** proposed method has four main phases:clustering,CH selection,data aggregation,and *** CH selection,a fuzzy decision model is utilized to ensure efficient cluster head selection based on parameters such as residual energy,distance to the sink,and data delivery likelihood,enhancing network stability and energy *** the aggregation phase,CHs transmit a single,consolidated set of non-redundant data to the base station(BS),thereby reducing data duplication and saving *** adapt to the changing network topology,the re-clustering phase periodically updates cluster formations and reselects *** results show that CDAFDM outperforms current protocols such as CAPTAIN(Collection Algorithm for underwater oPTical-AcoustIc sensor Networks),EDDG(Event-Driven Data Gathering),and DCBMEC(Data Collection Based on Mobile Edge Computing)with a packet delivery ratio increase of up to 4%,an energy consumption reduction of 18%,and a data collection latency reduction of 52%.These findings highlight the framework’s potential for reliable and energy-efficient data aggregation mobile UWSNs.

关键词： Clustering data aggregation data collection fuzzy model monitoring UWSN

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Comparative study of IoT- and AI-based computing disease detection approaches

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Data Science and Management 2025年第1期8卷 94-106页

作者： Rhmann, Wasiur Khan, Jalaluddin Khan, Ghufran Ahmad Ashraf, Zubair Pandey, Babita Khan, Mohammad Ahmar Ali, Ashraf Ishrat, Amaan Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Abdullah Ahamad, Bilal Shaik, Mohammad Khaja Department of Computer Application Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara144411 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Andhra Pradesh Guntur522502 India School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal University Kothrikalan MP Sehore466114 India Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow226025 India College of Commerce and Business Administration Dhofar University Salalah211 Oman Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open University 18211 Bahrain Department of Computer Application Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Lucknow225003 India College of Computing and Information Technology Shaqra University Shaqra11961 Saudi Arabia

The emergence of different computing methods such as cloud-, fog-, and edge-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems has provided the opportunity to develop intelligent systems for disease detection. Compared to other machine learning models, deep learning models have gained more attention from the research community, as they have shown better results with a large volume of data compared to shallow learning. However, no comprehensive survey has been conducted on integrated IoT- and computing-based systems that deploy deep learning for disease detection. This study evaluated different machine learning and deep learning algorithms and their hybrid and optimized algorithms for IoT-based disease detection, using the most recent papers on IoT-based disease detection systems that include computing approaches, such as cloud, edge, and fog. Their analysis focused on an IoT deep learning architecture suitable for disease detection. It also recognizes the different factors that require the attention of researchers to develop better IoT disease detection systems. This study can be helpful to researchers interested in developing better IoT-based disease detection and prediction systems based on deep learning using hybrid algorithms. © 2024 Xi'an Jiaotong University

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Investigating the Impact of Public-Key Infrastructure in Information Security Models for Networked applications 5th

Investigating the Impact of Public-Key Infrastructure in Inf...

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5th International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning and applications, ICDSMLA 2023

作者： Shree, Ritu Saxena, Kumud Mehta, Deepak Pandeya, Megha Department of Computer Science and Application Vivekananda Global University Jaipur India Department of Computer Science Engineering Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Karnataka Bangalore India Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology Maharishi University of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819780426

Public-key infrastructure (PKI) is poised to play a crucial function in the use of secure data technology systems. With the increasing complexity of these dais’s networks and packages, PKI gives a reliable way to electronically affirm and securely exchange critical records. This paper investigates the effect of PKI on modern-day facts security models for networked applications. An assessment of the literature is conducted to discover the limitations of various PKI‐enabled architectures and packages. The research seems at the usage of cryptography and digital certificates inside the implementation of PKI, and evaluates the different varieties of authentication, authorization, and encryption strategies in shielding networked structures. Furthermore, the paper discusses the advantages and demanding situations associated with the deployment of PKI for distinctive use instances. The findings exhibit that during order for PKI to efficiently defend networked structures, a sound authentication system need to be blended with sturdy and consumer-friendly encryption strategies. Moreover, the paper shows strategies for overcoming the demanding situations related to enforcing PKI in a relaxed and efficient way. Public-key infrastructure (PKI) is an important device in data security fashions for networked packages. PKI is a security architecture that entails the use of public and private interchangeable cryptographic keys to ensure authenticated and comfortable verbal exchange among entities. Through developing a hierarchical accept as true with device, virtual certificate are used to cozy communications and the sender and authenticity and integrity of records. This architecture gives a at ease foundation for at ease dispensed computing across multiple sites located in numerous geographical places, as it enhances confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of exchanged information. In addition, PKI can facilitate cozy statistics sharing, alleviate potential privateness issues,

关键词： Authentication

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Balancing data imbalance in biomedical datasets using a stacked augmentation approach with STDA, DAGAN, and pufferfish optimization to reveal AI's transformative impact

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2025年第1期17卷 455-480页

作者： Veedhi, Bhaskar Kumar Das, Kaberi Mishra, Debahuti Mishra, Sashikala Behera, Mandakini Priyadarshani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Application Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International (Deemed to Be) University Maharashtra Pune India School of Computer Engineering KIIT (Deemed to Be) University Odisha Bhubaneswar India

This study systematically assesses the effectiveness of data augmentation techniques, focusing particularly on the stacked approach, across a diverse range of biomedical datasets. Advanced data augmentation methods, including style transfer data augmentation (STDA) and data augmentation generative adversarial network (DAGAN), offer promising solutions in this context. STDA leverages style transfer techniques from computer vision to create varied and realistic synthetic samples while preserving semantic content, thereby enhancing dataset variability and improving model generalization. Conversely, DAGAN utilizes generative adversarial networks (GANs) to learn the underlying data distribution, resulting in the generation of high-quality synthetic samples. Subsequently, STDA and DAGAN techniques are applied to the selected data, followed by convolution and pooling operations on the augmented samples. The pooled samples are then stacked, and the Cosine similarity is calculated to measure the resemblance to the original dataset. Parameters of STDA and DAGAN are fine-tuned to maximize the Cosine similarity. Additionally, a metaheuristic optimization algorithm called Pufferfish optimization algorithm (POA) is employed to optimize decision variables—learning rate, number of hidden units (common for both STDA and DAGAN), number of attention heads for STDA, and latent space dimensionality of DAGAN. The classification performance of the proposed POA-stacked STDA-DAGAN data augmentation methodology, along with variants using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), is compared with original datasets and SMOTE balanced datasets using various classifiers and the observed accuracies, sensitivity, specificity and F-score are ranging from 91.83% to 99.11%, 91.38% to100%, 92.50% to 100% and 92.95% to 98.32% respective for all ten biomedical datasets used in this research. Additionally, the class distribution graphs, learning curves, statistical validation, and exe

关键词： Biomedical data Data augmentation Data augmentation generative adversarial network (DAGAN) Pufferfish optimization algorithm (POA) Style transfer data augmentation (STDA)

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EPRFL:An Efficient Privacy-Preserving and Robust Federated Learning Scheme for Fog Computing

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China Communications 2025年第4期22卷 202-222页

作者： Ke Zhijie Xie Yong Syed Hamad Shirazi Li Haifeng School of Computer Technology and Application Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China School of Computer and Information Science Qinghai Institute of TechnologyXining 810016China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Security Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityBaffa 21110Pakistan Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data in Finance and Artificial Intelligence Application Technology Xining 810016China

Federated learning(FL)is a distributed machine learning paradigm that excels at preserving data privacy when using data from multiple *** combined with Fog Computing,FL offers enhanced capabilities for machine learning applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementing FL across large-scale distributed fog networks presents significant challenges in maintaining privacy,preventing collusion attacks,and ensuring robust data *** address these challenges,we propose an Efficient Privacy-preserving and Robust Federated Learning(EPRFL)scheme for fog computing ***,we first propose an efficient secure aggregation strategy based on the improved threshold homomorphic encryption algorithm,which is not only resistant to model inference and collusion attacks,but also robust to fog node ***,we design a dynamic gradient filtering method based on cosine similarity to further reduce the communication *** minimize training delays,we develop a dynamic task scheduling strategy based on comprehensive *** analysis demonstrates that EPRFL offers robust security and low *** experimental results indicate that EPRFL outperforms similar strategies in terms of privacy preserving,model performance,and resource efficiency.

关键词： federated learning fog computing internet of things privacy-preserving robustness

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Improving energy efficiency in scalable WSNs through IoT-driven approach

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-11页

作者： Singh, Omkar Kushwaha, Ajay Shriram Sharma, Col. Rahul Kumar, Lalit National Institute of Fashion Technology Bihar Patna India Department of Computer Science & Application Sharda School of Computing Sciences & Engineering Sharda University UP Greater Noida India School of Computer Science & Engineering ILM University Greater Noida India

A novel QoS-Driven Optimization for Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing (QDOEECR) protocol tailored for IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), addressing the critical challenge of energy efficiency in sensor nodes with limited battery life. The protocol’s innovative approach lies in its advanced techniques for optimizing the selection of sub-sink nodes and identifying the optimal path to the sink node, ensuring improved adherence to Quality of Service (QoS) standards. Performance evaluations, conducted through MATLAB simulations, demonstrate the QDOEECR protocol's superior performance, achieving significant advancements over existing routing protocols. These include 30–35% reduction in end-to-end delay, 25–30% improvement in throughput, 35–40% decrease in energy consumption, 28–32% reduction in packet loss, and 32–38% extension in network lifetime. These results establish QDOEECR as a groundbreaking solution that not only enhances energy efficiency but also elevates network performance metrics beyond the capabilities of current state-of-the-art protocols like CBCCP, HCSM, and ZEAL. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer applications and Management 2025.

关键词： CBCCP HCSM IoT QDOEECR WSN ZEAL

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Framework for classifying gait disorders and fall prevention

Framework for classifying gait disorders and fall prevention

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International Conference on computer, Electrical & Communication Engineering (ICCECE)

作者： Rupa Saha Koushik Karmakar Suparna Biswas Department of Computer Application Narula Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Narula Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science & Engineering MAKAUT W B

ISBN: (数字)9798331513894

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513900

One of the crucial approaches that use tracking and analyzing human movement for the identification of functional disorders and illnesses of the human body is known as the gait analysis method. This method helps diagnose neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. It also tracks the effectiveness of rehabilitation. However, conventional techniques for analyzing gait frequently depend on costly items and methods like fixed lab apparatus, force plates, and motion capture devices. But new developments in wearable sensor technology and machine learning provide new methods that are cheaper, more affordable, portable, and easily accessible. It continuously tracks gait in real-world settings. In this work, the use of wearable sensors for gait analysis, which includes devices like magnetometers, gyroscopes, and accelerometers, is examined. They are integrated into gadgets like smartphones, insoles, and smartwatches and offer real-time kinematic data that machine learning algorithms can analyze. Some of the important gait parameters 1that are extracted from sensor data are stride length, cadence, and gait symmetry. Machine learning is used to process this data and use it for categorization and gait analysis. The suggested method improves patient monitoring outside of clinical settings. It supports individualized rehabilitation plans and also identifies early indicators of gait abnormalities. The use of the wearable sensor-based gait analysis may emerge as a game-changing medical tool. It offers constant, discrete monitoring and prompts intervention in gait-related disorders. This works explains it thoroughly. This report offers insights for upcoming researchers in the field by surveying the state of the art in wearable sensor-based gait analysis.

关键词： Legged locomotion Machine learning algorithms Accuracy Tracking Reviews Real-time systems Biomedical monitoring Gait recognition Wearable sensors Smart phones

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Investigating Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Classification 5th

Investigating Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Classifica...

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5th International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning and applications, ICDSMLA 2023

作者： Agarwal, Ankita Seth, Jyoti Sharma, Ambrish Kumar Karthikeyan, M.P. Maharishi School of Engineering and Technology Maharishi University of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vivekananda Global University Jaipur India Master of Computer Application Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Karnataka Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819780426

Area version goals bridge the space between supply and target domain names by remodeling statistics from the source domain to the target area without providing categorized goal facts. Medical image domain version is a critical trouble in scientific imaging obligations, consisting of most cancers prognosis, because it lets in for the switch of understanding throughout particular medical imaging modalities, obligations, and affected person cohorts. It can help address record distribution shifts and make undertaking medical photo classes more dependable and accurate. In this examination, we look into several area model techniques and benchmark their performance in the venture of the medical photo category. We examine supervised and unsupervised methods, as well as deep studying-based methods. The results of our experiments offer insights into the performance of numerous area model techniques for clinical picture class that could assist in deciding the pleasant method to use in any given medical imaging task. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Medical imaging

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