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arXiv 2024年

作者： Meraz, Md. Ansari, Md Afzal Javed, Mohammed Chakraborty, Pavan Center of Intelligent Robotics Lab Department of Information Technology Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab Department of Information Technology Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad U.P Prayagraj India

In recent years, the challenge of 3D shape analysis within point cloud data has gathered significant attention in computer vision. Addressing the complexities of effective 3D information representation and meaningful feature extraction for classification tasks remains crucial. This paper presents Point-GR, a novel deep learning architecture designed explicitly to transform unordered raw point clouds into higher dimensions while preserving local geometric features. It introduces residual-based learning within the network to mitigate the point permutation issues in point cloud data. The proposed Point-GR network significantly reduced the number of network parameters in Classification and PartSegmentation compared to baseline graph-based networks. Notably, the Point-GR model achieves a state-of-the-art scene segmentation mean IoU of 73.47% on the S3DIS benchmark dataset, showcasing its effectiveness. Furthermore, the model shows competitive results in Classification and Part-Segmentation tasks. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Energy-Efficient Team Orienteering Problem in the Presence of Time-Varying Ocean Currents

Energy-Efficient Team Orienteering Problem in the Presence o...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Ariella Mansfield Douglas G. Macharet M. Ani Hsieh GRASP Laboratory University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Computer Science Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory (VeRLab) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Brazil

Autonomous Marine Vehicles (AMVs) have gained interest for scientific and commercial applications, including pipeline and algae bloom monitoring, contaminant tracking, and ocean debris removal. The Team Orienteering Problem (TOP) is relevant in this context as Multi-Robot Systems (MRSs) allow for better coverage of the area of interest, simultaneous data collection at different locations, and an increase in the overall robustness and efficiency of the mission. However, route planning for AMVs in dynamic ocean environments is challenging due to the coupling of environmental and vehicle dynamics. We propose a multi-objective formulation that accounts for the trade-offs between visiting multiple task locations and energy consumption by the vehicles subject to a time budget. This work focuses on vehicles that can maintain a constant net speed but can be adapted to vehicles with constant thrust. Different from existing approaches, our method is able to leverage time-varying ocean currents to improve the energy efficiency of resulting routes. We validate our approach experimentally by superimposing ocean flow models with benchmark instances of the TOP.

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Efficient Object Rearrangement via Multi-view Fusion

Efficient Object Rearrangement via Multi-view Fusion

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Dehao Huang Chao Tang Hong Zhang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

The prospect of assistive robots aiding in object organization has always been compelling. In an image-goal setting, the robot rearranges the current scene to match the single image captured from the goal scene. The key to an image-goal rearrangement system is estimating the desired placement pose of each object based on the single goal image and observations from the current scene. In order to establish sufficient associations for accurate estimation, the system should observe an object from a viewpoint similar to that in the goal image. Existing image-goal rearrangement systems, due to their reliance on a fixed viewpoint for perception, often require redundant manipulations to randomly adjust an object’s pose for a better perspective. Addressing this inefficiency, we introduce a novel object rearrangement system that employs multi-view fusion. By observing the current scene from multiple viewpoints before manipulating objects, our approach can estimate a more accurate pose without redundant manipulation times. A standard visual localization pipeline at the object level is developed to capitalize on the advantages of multi-view observations. Simulation results demonstrate that the efficiency of our system outperforms existing single-view systems. The effectiveness of our system is further validated in a physical experiment. For videos, please visit https: //***/view/multi-view-rearr.

关键词： Visualization Accuracy Databases Simulation Standards organizations Pose estimation Pipelines

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Optimizing NeRF-based SLAM with Trajectory Smoothness Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Yicheng Chen, Guangcheng Zhang, Hong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

The joint optimization of Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and camera trajectories has been widely applied in SLAM tasks due to its superior dense mapping quality and consistency. NeRF-based SLAM learns camera poses using constraints by implicit map representation. A widely observed phenomenon that results from the constraints of this form is jerky and physically unrealistic estimated camera motion, which in turn affects the map quality. To address this deficiency of current NeRF-based SLAM, we propose in this paper TS-SLAM (TS for Trajectory Smoothness). It introduces smoothness constraints on camera trajectories by representing them with uniform cubic B-splines with continuous acceleration that guarantees smooth camera motion. Benefiting from the differentiability and local control properties of B-splines, TS-SLAM can incrementally learn the control points end-to-end using a sliding window paradigm. Additionally, we regularize camera trajectories by exploiting the dynamics prior to further smooth trajectories. Experimental results demonstrate that TS-SLAM achieves superior trajectory accuracy and improves mapping quality versus NeRF-based SLAM that does not employ the above smoothness constraints. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Mapping

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RTAGrasp: Learning Task-Oriented Grasping from Human Videos via Retrieval, Transfer, and Alignment

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dong, Wenlong Huang, Dehao Liu, Jiangshan Tang, Chao Zhang, Hong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

Task-oriented grasping (TOG) is crucial for robots to accomplish manipulation tasks, requiring the determination of TOG positions and directions. Existing methods either rely on costly manual TOG annotations or only extract coarse grasping positions or regions from human demonstrations, limiting their practicality in real-world applications. To address these limitations, we introduce RTAGrasp, a Retrieval, Transfer, and Alignment framework inspired by human grasping strategies. Specifically, our approach first effortlessly constructs a robot memory from human grasping demonstration videos, extracting both TOG position and direction constraints. Then, given a task instruction and a visual observation of the target object, RTAGrasp retrieves the most similar human grasping experience from its memory and leverages semantic matching capabilities of vision foundation models to transfer the TOG constraints to the target object in a training-free manner. Finally, RTAGrasp aligns the transferred TOG constraints with the robot’s action for execution. Evaluations on the public TOG benchmark, TaskGrasp dataset, show the competitive performance of RTAGrasp on both seen and unseen object categories compared to existing baseline methods. Real-world experiments further validate its effectiveness on a robotic arm. Our code, appendix, and video are available at https: //***/view/rtagrasp/home. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Robotic arms

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Multi-Scale Point Octree Encoding Network for Point Cloud Based Place Recognition

Multi-Scale Point Octree Encoding Network for Point Cloud Ba...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Zhilong Tang Hanjing Ye Hong Zhang Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) SUSTech Shenzhen China

Over the past decades, point cloud-based place recognition has garnered significant attention. This research paper presents a pioneering approach, denoted as the Multi-scale Point Octree Encoding Network (MPOE-Net), designed to acquire a discriminative global descriptor for efficient retrieval of places. The key element of the MPOE-Net is the point octree encoding module, which adeptly captures local information for each point by considering its nearest and farthest neighbors. Further enhancing local relationships, a multi-transformer network is introduced, utilizing a novel grouped offset-attention mechanism. To amalgamate the multi-scale attention maps into a comprehensive global descriptor, a multi-NetVLAD layer is incorporated. Through rigorous experimentation across diverse benchmark datasets, our proposed method unequivocally outperforms existing techniques in the realm of point cloud-based place recognition tasks, achieving state-of-the-art results. Our code is released publicly at https://***/Zhilong-Tang/MPOE-Net.

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Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a UAV autonomous landing algorithm implemented in SoC FPGA

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Szolc, Hubert Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

This paper presents a system for hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control algorithms implemented on a heterogeneous SoC FPGA computing platforms. The AirSim simulator running on a PC and an Arty Z7 development board with a Zynq SoC chip from AMD Xilinx were used. Communication was carried out via a serial USB link. An application for autonomous landing on a specially marked landing strip was selected as a case study. A landing site detection algorithm was implemented on the Zynq SoC platform. This allowed processing a 1280 × 720 @ 60 fps video stream in real time. Performed tests showed that the system works correctly and there are no delays that could negatively affect the stability of the control. The proposed concept is characterised by relative simplicity and low implementation cost. At the same time, it can be applied to test various types of high-level perception and control algorithms for UAV implemented on embedded platforms. We provide the code developed on GitHub, which includes both Python scripts running on the PC and C code running on Arty Z7. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： System-on-chip

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Local Gaussian Modifiers (LGMs): UAV Dynamic Trajectory Generation for Onboard Computation

Local Gaussian Modifiers (LGMs): UAV Dynamic Trajectory Gene...

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International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)

作者： Miguel Fernandez-Cortizas David Perez-Saura Rafael Perez-Segui Javier Rodriguez-Vazquez Juan S. Cely Pascual Campoy Computer Vision and Aerial Robotics group (CVAR) Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) Madrid Spain Department of Artificial Intelligence Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain Intelligent Robotics Lab Rey Juan Carlos University Madrid Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798350357882

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357899

Agile autonomous drones are becoming increasingly popular in research due to the challenges they represent in fields like control, state estimation, or perception at high speeds. When all algorithms are computed onboard the UAV, computational limitations make the task of agile flight even more difficult. One of the most computationally expensive tasks in agile flight is the generation of optimal trajectories. When these trajectories must be updated online due to changes in the environment or uncertainties, this high computational cost may result in insufficient time to reach the desired waypoints, which could cause a drone crash in cluttered environments. In this paper, we present Local Gaussian Modifiers (LGMs), a fast and lightweight way of modifying computationally heavy trajectories when recalculating them in time is not possible due to computational limitations. Moreover, we propose a strategy for deciding when is convenient to use these modifiers or recalculate the whole trajectory based on an estimation of the computational time of this trajectory generation. A trajectory blending procedure is also proposed to ensure smoothness in UAV control when a new trajectory is computed. Our approach was validated in simulation, being able to pass through a race circuit with moving gates, achieving speeds up to 16.0 m/s. Real flight validation was also performed achieving speeds up to 4.0 m/s in a fully autonomous pipeline using onboard computing.

关键词： Uncertainty Pipelines Logic gates Autonomous aerial vehicles Robustness Motion capture Trajectory

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Towards real-time and energy efficient Siamese tracking - a hardware-software approach

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Przewlocka-Rus, Dominika Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

Siamese trackers have been among the state-of-the-art solutions in each Visual Object Tracking (VOT) challenge over the past few years. However, with great accuracy comes great computational complexity: to achieve real-time processing, these trackers have to be massively parallelised and are usually run on high-end GPUs. Easy to implement, this approach is energy consuming, and thus cannot be used in many low-power applications. To overcome this, one can use energy-efficient embedded devices, such as heterogeneous platforms joining the ARM processor system with programmable logic (FPGA). In this work, we propose a hardware-software implementation of the well-known fully connected Siamese tracker (SiamFC). We have developed a quantised Siamese network for the FINN accelerator, using algorithm-accelerator co-design, and performed design space exploration to achieve the best efficiency-to-energy ratio (determined by FPS and used resources). For our network, running in the programmable logic part of the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU104, we achieved the processing of almost 50 frames-per-second with tracker accuracy on par with its floating point counterpart, as well as the original SiamFC network. The complete tracking system, implemented in ARM with the network accelerated on FPGA, achieves up to 17 fps. These results bring us towards bridging the gap between the highly accurate but energy-demanding algorithms and energy-efficient solutions ready to be used in low-power, edge systems. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Energy Efficient Hardware Acceleration of Neural Networks with Power-of-Two Quantisation

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2022年

Deep neural networks virtually dominate the domain of most modern vision systems, providing high performance at a cost of increased computational complexity. Since for those systems it is often required to operate both in real-time and with minimal energy consumption (e.g., for wearable devices or autonomous vehicles, edge Internet of Things (IoT), sensor networks), various network optimisation techniques are used, e.g., quantisation, pruning, or dedicated lightweight architectures. Due to the logarithmic distribution of weights in neural network layers, a method providing high performance with significant reduction in computational precision (for 4-bit weights and less) is the Power-of-Two (PoT) quantisation (and therefore also with a logarithmic distribution). This method introduces additional possibilities of replacing the typical for neural networks Multiply and ACcumulate (MAC – performing, e.g., convolution operations) units, with more energy-efficient Bitshift and ACcumulate (BAC). In this paper, we show that a hardware neural network accelerator with PoT weights implemented on the Zynq UltraScale + MPSoC ZCU104 SoC FPGA can be at least 1.4x more energy efficient than the uniform quantisation version. To further reduce the actual power requirement by omitting part of the computation for zero weights, we also propose a new pruning method adapted to logarithmic quantisation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： System-on-chip

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