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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Sani, Samin Mahdizadeh Sadeghi, Pouya Vu, Thuy-Trang Yaghoobzadeh, Yadollah Haffari, Gholamreza Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies Khatam University Iran Department of Data Science & AI Monash University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Large language models (LLMs) have made great progress in classification and text generation tasks. However, they are mainly trained on English data and often struggle with low-resource languages. In this study, we explore adding a new language, i.e., Persian, to Llama (a model with a limited understanding of Persian) using parameter-efficient fine-tuning. We employ a multi-stage approach involving pretraining on monolingual Persian data, aligning representations through bilingual pretraining and instruction datasets, and instruction-tuning with task-specific datasets. We evaluate the model's performance at each stage on generation and classification tasks. Our findings suggest that incorporating the Persian language, through bilingual data alignment, can enhance classification accuracy for Persian tasks, with no adverse impact and sometimes even improvements on English tasks. Additionally, the results highlight the model's initial strength as a critical factor when working with limited training data, with cross-lingual alignment offering minimal benefits for the low-resource language. Knowledge transfer from English to Persian has a marginal effect, primarily benefiting simple classification tasks. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Emotion, Age and Gender Prediction Through Masked Face Inpainting 26th

Emotion, Age and Gender Prediction Through Masked Face Inpa...

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26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2022

作者： Islam, Md Baharul Hosen, Md Imran Department of Computer Engineering Bahcesehir University Istanbul Turkey College of Data Science and Engineering American University of Malta Cospicua Malta

ISBN: (纸本)9783031376597

Prediction of gesture and demographic information from the face is complex and challenging, particularly for the masked face. This paper proposes a deep learning-based integrated approach to predict emotion and demographic information for unmasked and masked faces, consisting of four sub-tasks: masked face detection, masked face inpainting, emotion, age, and gender prediction. The masked face detector module provides a binary decision on whether the face mask is available or not by applying pre-trained MobileNetV3. We use the inpainting module based on U-Net embedding with ImageNet weights to remove the face mask and restore the face. We use the convolutional neural networks to predict emotion (e.g., happy, angry). Besides, VGGFace-based transfer learning has been used to predict demographic information (e.g., age, gender). Extensive experiments on five publicly available datasets: AffectNet, UTKFace, FER-2013, CelebA, and MAFA, show the effectiveness of our proposed method to predict emotion and demographic identification through masked face reconstruction. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Face recognition

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YOLOv8 vs. YOLOv9: Evaluating Object Detection Algorithms for Marine Waste Recognition 1

YOLOv8 vs. YOLOv9: Evaluating Object Detection Algorithms fo...

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1st IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Technology, ISCT 2024

作者： Wajdi, Achmad Zahir Wibowo, Prasetyo Sasaki, Shiori Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering Surabaya Indonesia Faculty of Data Science Musashino University Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365191

Marine debris, the majority of which is composed of plastic (61 % to 87 %), is a significant environmental issue facing the world. Between 4.8 million and 12.7 million metric tons of plastic are thought to have entered the ocean in 2010 alone, increasing the estimated total amount of particles in the water to at least 5 trillion. Global plastic production, which reached 348 million tons in 2017, is expected to double in the next 20 years. To overcome this challenge, effective waste detection methods are needed, one of which is by utilizing computer vision, specifically the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm. YOLOv9, as the latest version, offers improved object detection performance compared to its predecessor, YOLOv8. This research aims to evaluate the performance and efficiency of YOLOv9 and YOLOv8 in detecting marine waste. Using the Trash Annotations in Context dataset (TACO), We train both models and conduct tests to evaluate their accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show that YOLOv9 has higher precision at 45% but lower recall at 6%, compared to YOLOv8, which has a precision of 33 % and a recall of 15 %. Overall, YOLOv8 shows better performance with higher mAP50 at 13% and mAP50-95 values at 10%, compared to YOLOv9, which has mAP50 at 4% and mAP50-95 values at 3%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Marine Waste Neural Net-work Object Detection TACO dataset YOLO

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Routing with Massive Trajectory data 40

Routing with Massive Trajectory Data

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40th IEEE International Conference on data engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Jensen, Christian S. Yang, Bin Guo, Chenjuan Hu, Jilin Torp, Kristian Aalborg University Department of Computer Science Aalborg Denmark School of Data Science & Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

The unprecedented availability of new types of data coupled with the invention of new technologies combine to enable entirely new or higher-resolution services that in turn enable more rational and data-driven processes. We consider the overall process of vehicular transportation and, more specifically, the process of deciding which route to follow when having to reach a destination. Early solutions modeled a road work as a graph, used sparse in-road sensor data to assign weights to graph edges, and then applied improved versions of Dijkstra's algorithm to find routes with the lowest sums of edge weights. Since then, massive vehicle trajectory data has become available. When coupled with new technologies, this data enables entirely new and higher-resolution routing services that in turn enable better routing. For more than a decade, the authors have engaged in research aimed at exploiting trajectory data to enable better routing. The resulting technologies were developed outside a DBMS. Here, we cover aspects of this research. Further, we challenge the community to develop DBMS support for these and other aspects of routing. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： database systems

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AKDC: Ambiguous Kernel Distance Clustering Algorithm for COVID-19 CT Scans Analysis

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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 2024年第10期54卷 6218-6229页

作者： Singh, Pritpal Huang, Yo-Ping The Quantum Optimization Research Lab Department of Data Science and Analytics Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer305817 India National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei10608 Taiwan National Taipei University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering New Taipei City23741 Taiwan Chaoyang University of Technology Department of Information and Communication Engineering Taichung41349 Taiwan

Conventional soft clustering algorithms perform well on linearly distributed features, but their performance degrades on nonlinearly distributed features in high-dimensional space. In this study, a novel soft clustering algorithm, the ambiguous kernel distance clustering (AKDC) algorithm, is presented. This algorithm is developed by applying ambiguous set theory and the Gaussian kernel function. The ambiguous set theory defines the ambiguities inherent in each feature with four membership values: 1) true;2) false;3) true-ambiguous;and 4) false-ambiguous. The degree of membership values here forms a low-dimensional feature space that is not linearly distributed. Therefore, these nonlinearly distributed membership values are mapped into a high-dimensional feature space using the Gaussian kernel function. This study focuses on performing cluster analysis of computerized tomography scans of COVID-19 (CTSC-19) cases using AKDC. COVID-19, recognized as one of the most life-threatening diseases of this century, is highly contagious, and early diagnosis may prevent one-to-one transmission. Extensive empirical studies have been conducted with different types of CTSC-19 to demonstrate its effectiveness against existing kernel-based clustering and nonkernel-based clustering algorithms, namely mercer kernel fuzzy c-mean (MKFCM), kernel generalized FCM (KGFCM), kernel intuitionistic fuzzy entropy c-means (KIFECMs), morphological reconstruction and membership filtering clustering (FRFCM), and intuitionistic FCM based on membership information transferring and similarity measurements (IFCM-MS). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to the existing algorithms is evaluated using standard statistical metrics, such as dice index (DI), Jaccard index (JI), structural similarity index (SI), and correlation coefficient (CC). The empirical results show that AKDC is more effective than existing algorithms based on DI, JI, SI, and CC. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization Algorithm

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1465-1495页

作者： Mohammad H.Nadimi-Shahraki Hajar Farhanginasab Shokooh Taghian Ali Safaa Sadiq Seyedali Mirjalili Faculty of Computer Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Big Data Research Center Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimisation Torrens UniversityBrisbane4006Australia

The Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is a swarm intelligence metaheuristic inspired by the bubble-net hunting tactic of humpback *** spite of its popularity due to simplicity,ease of implementation,and a limited number of parameters,WOA’s search strategy can adversely affect the convergence and equilibrium between exploration and exploitation in complex *** address this limitation,we propose a new algorithm called Multi-trial Vector-based Whale Optimization Algorithm(MTV-WOA)that incorporates a Balancing Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(BS_TVP),a Local Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(LS_TVP),and a Global Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(GS_TVP)to address real-world optimization problems of varied degrees of ***-WOA has the potential to enhance exploitation and exploration,reduce the probability of being stranded in local optima,and preserve the equilibrium between exploration and *** the purpose of evaluating the proposed algorithm's performance,it is compared to eight metaheuristic algorithms utilizing CEC 2018 test ***,MTV-WOA is compared with well-stablished,recent,and WOA variant *** experimental results demonstrate that MTV-WOA surpasses comparative algorithms in terms of the accuracy of the solutions and convergence ***,we conducted the Friedman test to assess the gained results statistically and observed that MTV-WOA significantly outperforms comparative ***,we solved five engineering design problems to demonstrate the practicality of *** results indicate that the proposed MTV-WOA can efficiently address the complexities of engineering challenges and provide superior solutions that are superior to those of other algorithms.

关键词： Swarm intelligence algorithms Metaheuristic algorithms Optimization engineering design problems Whale optimization algorithm

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An optimal hybrid cascade regional convolutional network for cyberattack detection

An optimal hybrid cascade regional convolutional network for...

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作者： Alqahtani, Ali Khan, Surbhi Bhatia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Data Science School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies link urban systems through networks and improve the delivery of quality services to residents. To enhance municipality services, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are integrated with urban systems. However, the large number of sensors in a smart city generates a significant amount of delicate data, like medical records, credit card numerics, and location coordinates, which are transported across a network to data centers for analysis and processing. This makes smart cities vulnerable to cyberattacks because of the resource constraints of their technology infrastructure. Applications for smart cities pose many security challenges, such as zero-day attacks resulting from exploiting weaknesses in various protocols. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal hybrid transit search-cascade regional convolutional neural network (hybrid TS-Cascade R-CNN) to detect cyberattacks. The proposed model combines the hybrid transit-search approach with the cascade regional convolutional neural network to create an optimal solution for cyberattack detection. The cascade regional convolutional network uses a hybrid transit search algorithm to enhance the effectiveness of cyberattack detection. By integrating these two approaches, the system can leverage both global traffic patterns and local indicators to improve the accuracy of attack detection. During the training process, the proposed model recognizes and classifies malicious input even in the presence of sophisticated attacks. Finally, the experimental analysis is carried out for various attacks based on different metrics. The accuracy rate attained by the proposed approach is 99.2%, which is acceptable according to standards. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Zero-day attack

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Robustness of Explainable AI Algorithms for Disease Biomarker Discovery from Functional Connectivity datasets

Robustness of Explainable AI Algorithms for Disease Biomarke...

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2024 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, BHI 2024

作者： Girish, Deepank Chan, Yi Hao Gupta, Sukrit Xia, Jing Rajapakse, Jagath C. College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ropar India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351552

Machine learning (ML) models have been used in functional neuroimaging for wide-ranging tasks, ranging from disease diagnosis to disease prognosis. There have been successive functional connectivity-based ML studies focused on improving model performances for disease detection. An increasing number of such studies use their trained models to detect and evaluate salient features that could be potential biomarkers of these neuro-logical conditions. The evaluation of these salient features is often qualitative and limited to cross-referencing existing literature for similar findings. In this study, we present objective quantitative metrics to evaluate the robustness of these salient features. Building upon existing generic evaluation metrics, we propose metrics that capture topological properties known to be characteristic of brain functional connectomes. Using existing and newly proposed measures on a set of baselines and state-of-the-art graph neural networks (GNN) models, we found that when GNNExplainer is used with models that incorporate attention, the scores produced are relatively more robust than other combinations. On datasets of patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), our proposed metrics highlighted that salient features identified in both disorders are highly involved in functional specialization, while salient ASD features expressed stronger functional integration than ADHD. We package these existing and novel metrics together in the RE-CONFIRM framework that holds promise to set the foundations for the quantitative evaluation of salient features detected by future studies. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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An efficient speech emotion recognition based on a dual-stream CNN-transformer fusion network

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2023年第2期26卷 541-557页

作者： Tellai, Mohammed Gao, Lijian Mao, Qirong Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University Jiangsu Zhenjiang212013 China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Big Data Ubiquitous Perception and Intelligent Agriculture Applications Jiangsu Zhenjiang212013 China

The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence enables us to create intelligent systems. Speech emotion recognition system analyzes the speaker’s speech to determine his/her emotional state. Speech emotion recognition is a challenging pattern recognition task. This paper proposes a new robust and lightweight speech emotion recognition system based on a dual-stream CNN-Transformer fusion network that effectively captures spatial and temporal information disentangled in long-distance raw features by exploring both MFCCs and Mel-spectrograms in a parallel mechanism. Experiments are performed on the widely used emotional benchmark datasets. Our approach has shown to be quite efficient. It outperforms the best-known state-of-the-art models with an accuracy of 97.64%, 99.42%, and 97.53% on RAVDESS, TESS, and EMO-DB datasets respectively. The results demonstrate the significant advantages of the proposed model and the ability of this architecture to learn to recognize emotional data features accurately. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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A Technical Bas System Through Cetralised System for Grid Systems in Trnsmission of data

A Technical Bas System Through Cetralised System for Grid Sy...

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2023 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control, PEEIC 2023

作者： Kurmi, Raviraj Singh Gupta, Ashish Krishnamoorthy, Ramkumar Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Data Science Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida India Tula's Institute Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India Department of Computer Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357769

Industrial communication protocols are used by SCADA (supervising control and data acquisition) networks and Industrial Control Systems (ICS) to enhance their functionality. Modbus is an example of an application protocol that facilitates communication between millions of automation units. Sadly, Modbus lacks essential security features, which makes it vulnerable to errors in both design and implementation. These flaws leave systems open to eavesdropping, replay, and man-in-the-middle assaults, among other types of attacks. Taking advantage of these vulnerabilities may have serious repercussions for businesses as well as the general public, especially if important infrastructure assets like power stations, water distribution systems, and train transportation networks are attacked. The Modbus association has published security requirements in an effort to fix the security flaws in the protocol. Through the integration of TLS (Transport Layer Security) with the conventional Modbus protocol, these standards seek to improve security. Modbus packets are encapsulated by TLS in order to safeguard message integrity and offer authentication. Digital certificates based on X.509v3 are used by the security features to authenticate the client and server. This paper proposes a new secure version of the role-based access control architecture (RBAC) in order to solve security vulnerabilities with the Modbus protocol. This approach uses a message authorized via unit ID, a unique identifier for approving the Modbus frame, and an authorization procedure via roles, introduced as an arbitrary extensions within the X.509v3 certificate, to approve only the client & the Modbus frame. To summarise, the incorporation of TLS into Modbus, in conjunction with the suggested RBAC framework, effectively tackles security issues and fortifies the protocol's general resilience against any intrusions, guaranteeing the safe and effective functioning of industrial systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Industrial Control Systems Modbus protocol architecture role-based access control (RBAC) SCADA security requirements and centralized architecture security vulnerabilities TLS X.509v3 certificate

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