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59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2025

作者： Wei, Dongyu Zhang, Qianqian Liu, Yuchen Chen, Mingzhe Rowan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering GlassboroNJ08028 United States Nc State University Department of Computer Science RaleighNC27695 United States University of Miami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coral GablesFL33146 United States University of Miami Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing Coral GablesFL33146 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513269

In this paper, a deceptive signal-assisted private split learning is investigated. In our model, several edge devices jointly perform collaborative training, and some eavesdroppers aim to collect the model and data information from devices. To prevent the eavesdropper from collecting model and data information, a subset of devices can transmit deceptive signals. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the subset of devices used for deceptive signal transmission, the subset of model training devices, and the models assigned to each model training device. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize the eavesdropped information while meeting the model training energy consumption and delay constraints. To solve this problem, we propose an actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (AC-DRL) framework that enables a centralized agent to dynamically determine the model training devices, the deceptive signal transmission devices, the transmit power, and sub-models assigned to each model training device while considering network topology and device properties (e.g., energy and privacy constraints). The proposed AC-DRL framework integrates an actor network to generate optimal actions and a critic network to stabilize the learning process by evaluating the cumulative rewards. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the convergence rate by 3× and the accumulated reward by up to 40% compared with the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Towards Safer Roads: A Comprehensive Review of Object Detection Techniques for Autonomous Vehicles

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SN computer Science 2025年第5期6卷 1-20页

作者： Parisapogu, Samson Anosh Babu Narla, Nitya Juryala, Aarthi Ramavath, Siddhu Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amaravati Campus Andhra Pradesh Amaravati 522 503 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology Hyderabad 500075 India

Nowadays, people spend a lot of time in travel, and road safety has become an important area of research. As a result, self-driving cars have been gaining popularity in recent years because they have a lot of benefits in terms of reducing traffic congestion and improving road safety, thereby reducing accidents. They also have an environmental benefit as they reduce travel times and hence reduce the usage of fuel. Though a lot of research has already been done in this field, there are always new problems being created and new solutions being found. Apart from self-driving cars, automated navigation also has a huge number of applications. Therefore, it is important to stay up to date about the latest developments in this field. This research is a comprehensive survey that explores and evaluates the different object-detecting algorithms that have been used throughout the years, their advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs. It also analyses the datasets and benchmarks that have been used for evaluating the models. It aims to identify the gaps in research in this growing field so that it can act as a roadmap for researchers to focus their study on. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Deep learning Object detection Road safety Self-driving YOLO

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Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis with Deep Learning:A Hybrid CNN-RNN Approach

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1497-1519页

作者： Syeda Shamaila Zareen Guangmin Sun Mahwish Kundi Syed Furqan Qadri Salman Qadri Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Computer Science International Engineering Collage Maynooth UniversityKildareW23 F2H6Irland Research Center for Data Hub and Security Zhejiang LabHangzhou311121China Computer Science Department MNS University of AgricultureMultan59220Pakistan

Skin cancer diagnosis is difficult due to lesion presentation variability. Conventionalmethods struggle to manuallyextract features and capture lesions spatial and temporal variations. This study introduces a deep learning-basedConvolutional and Recurrent Neural Network (CNN-RNN) model with a ResNet-50 architecture which usedas the feature extractor to enhance skin cancer classification. Leveraging synergistic spatial feature extractionand temporal sequence learning, the model demonstrates robust performance on a dataset of 9000 skin lesionphotos from nine cancer types. Using pre-trained ResNet-50 for spatial data extraction and Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM) for temporal dependencies, the model achieves a high average recognition accuracy, surpassingprevious methods. The comprehensive evaluation, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, underscoresthe model’s competence in categorizing skin cancer types. This research contributes a sophisticated model andvaluable guidance for deep learning-based diagnostics, also this model excels in overcoming spatial and temporalcomplexities, offering a sophisticated solution for dermatological diagnostics research.

关键词： Skin cancer classification deep learning Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) RNN ResNet-50

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Applying machine learning to strengthening cyber security 15

Applying machine learning to strengthening cyber security

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15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2024

作者： Vigenesh, M. Shalini, M. Mandar, P. Hassan, Inzimam ul Dari, Sukhvinder Singh Annamalai, S. Department of Computer Science Engineering Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore641021 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College Chennai127 India Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Pune India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Vivekananda Global University Jaipur India Pune India Karnataka Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370249

Cyber safety threats have become a central problem in the contemporary world, with hackers constantly finding new approaches to make the most systems and users to gain unauthorized admission. Gadget learning has been determined to be a promising approach to combat these threats, considering the improvement of state-of-the-art algorithms capable of detecting malicious activities in near real-time. Through supervised studying, neural networks, or other sample popularity techniques, these algorithms can learn how to locate malicious conduct and lift an alert to take appropriate countermeasures. Additionally, device getting to know can be used to identify new threats and recognize formerly unknown flaws in present defenses, allowing them to be patched or upgraded promptly. Given the ever-converting nature of the cyber security landscape, gadget studying programs are worthwhile for staying ahead of the curve and retaining information secure. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Fuzzy-NMS: Improving 3D Object Detection With Fuzzy Classification in NMS

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Wang, Li Zhang, Xinyu Zhao, Fachuan Wu, Chuze Wang, Yichen Song, Ziying Yang, Lei Xu, Bin Li, Jun Ge, Shuzhi Sam School of Machanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Interactive Digital Media Institute Social Robotics Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is an essential post-processing module in many 3D object detection frameworks to remove overlapping candidate bounding boxes. However, an overreliance on classification scores and difficulties in determining appropriate thresholds can affect the resulting accuracy directly. To address these issues, we introduce fuzzy learning into NMS and propose a novel generalized Fuzzy-NMS module to achieve finer candidate bounding box filtering. The proposed Fuzzy-NMS module combines the volume and clustering density of candidate bounding boxes, refining them with a fuzzy classification method and optimizing the appropriate suppression thresholds to reduce uncertainty in the NMS process. Adequate validation experiments use the mainstream KITTI and large-scale Waymo 3D object detection benchmarks. The results of these tests demonstrate the proposed Fuzzy-NMS module can improve the accuracy of numerous recently NMS-based detectors significantly, including PointPillars, PV-RCNN, and IA-SSD, etc. This effect is particularly evident for small objects such as pedestrians and bicycles. As a plug-and-play module, Fuzzy-NMS does not need to be retrained and produces no obvious increases in inference time. IEEE

关键词： Object detection

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Enhancing road safety with DL vision: Do driver distraction alerts hold the key?

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Ali, Luqman Swavaf, Muhammad Alnajjar, Fady Zou, Zhao Mohan Ambali Parambil, Medha Mubin, Omar AlJassmi, Hamad Emirates Center for Mobility Research UAE University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering UAE University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of IT UAE University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates School of Computer Data and Mathematical Sciences Western Sydney University SydneyNSW Australia

Driver distraction is a significant contributor to road accidents and traffic safety challenges. This study evaluates the performance of various YOLO models trained on a combination of custom and publicly available datasets, with their performance assessed using metrics such as mAP@50, precision, recall, F1-score, inference time, FPS, and model parameters. The aim is to determine the best trade-off between accuracy, speed, and computational efficiency, providing insights into the practical applicability of these models for distracted driving detection. Among the models, YOLOv8l achieves the highest accuracy with a mAP@50 of 0.921, precision of 0.911, recall of 0.895, and an F1-score of 0.899, making it suitable for scenarios prioritizing detection precision. YOLOv5m balances accuracy and efficiency, achieving a mAP@50 of 0.917 and an F1-score of 0.896, while maintaining moderate inference times. For real-time applications, YOLOv5n and YOLOv8n offer the fastest speeds, with inference times of 0.9 ms and FPS of 1111, at the cost of reduced accuracy. YOLOv8m provides a balance between performance and speed, achieving a mAP@50 of 0.915 and F1-score of 0.898, with an inference time of 3.4 ms and FPS of 294. A post-simulation survey reveals that participants find the visual warning system effective in mitigating driver distraction and enhancing perceived road safety. By integrating simulation data and user feedback, this study highlights the potential of advanced deep learning models like YOLO in improving driver assistance systems and promoting safer driving practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Highway accidents

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A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Multi-Task Learning 25

A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation wit...

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25th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation, EAMT 2024

作者： Appicharla, Ramakrishna Gain, Baban Pal, Santanu Ekbal, Asif Bhattacharyya, Pushpak Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna India Wipro AI Lab45 London United Kingdom School of AI and Data Science Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India

ISBN: (纸本)9781068690709

In document-level neural machine translation (DocNMT), multi-encoder approaches are common in encoding context and source sentences. Recent studies (Li et al., 2020) have shown that the context encoder generates noise and makes the model robust to the choice of context. This paper further investigates this observation by explicitly modelling context encoding through multi-task learning (MTL) to make the model sensitive to the choice of context. We conduct experiments on cascade MTL architecture, which consists of one encoder and two decoders. Generation of the source from the context is considered an auxiliary task, and generation of the target from the source is the main task. We experimented with German-English language pairs on News, TED, and Europarl corpora. Evaluation results show that the proposed MTL approach performs better than concatenation-based and multi-encoder DocNMT models in low-resource settings and is sensitive to the choice of context. However, we observe that the MTL models are failing to generate the source from the context. These observations align with the previous studies, and this might suggest that the available document-level parallel corpora are not context-aware, and a robust sentence-level model can outperform the context-aware models. © 2024 The authors, © 2024 European Association for Machine Translation.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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Imitation Learning from Purified Demonstrations 41

Imitation Learning from Purified Demonstrations

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Wang, Yunke Dong, Minjing Zhao, Yukun Du, Bo Xu, Chang School of Computer Science National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Institute of Artificial Intelligence Wuhan Institute of Data Intelligence Wuhan University China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney Australia

Imitation learning has emerged as a promising approach for addressing sequential decision-making problems, with the assumption that expert demonstrations are optimal. However, in real-world scenarios, most demonstrations are often imperfect, leading to challenges in the effectiveness of imitation learning. While existing research has focused on optimizing with imperfect demonstrations, the training typically requires a certain proportion of optimal demonstrations to guarantee performance. To tackle these problems, we propose to purify the potential noises in imperfect demonstrations first, and subsequently conduct imitation learning from these purified demonstrations. Motivated by the success of diffusion model, we introduce a two-step purification via diffusion process. In the first step, we apply a forward diffusion process to smooth potential noises in imperfect demonstrations by introducing additional noise. Subsequently, a reverse generative process is utilized to recover the optimal demonstration from the diffused ones. We provide theoretical evidence supporting our approach, demonstrating that the distance between the purified and optimal demonstration can be bounded. Empirical results on MuJoCo and RoboSuite demonstrate the effectiveness of our method from different aspects. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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PLAME: Piecewise-Linear Approximate Measure for Additive Kernel SVM (Extended abstract) 40

PLAME: Piecewise-Linear Approximate Measure for Additive Ker...

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40th IEEE International Conference on data engineering, ICDE 2024

作者： Chan, Tsz Nam Li, Zhe Leong Hou, U. Cheng, Reynold Shenzhen University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering China Alibaba Cloud University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science China The University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350317152

Additive Kernel SVM has been extensively used in many applications, including human activity detection and pedestrian detection. Since training an additive kernel SVM model is very time-consuming, which is not scalable to largescale datasets, many efficient solutions have been developed in the past few years. However, most of the existing methods normally fail to achieve one of these three important conditions which are (1) low classification error, (2) low memory space, and (3) low training time. In order to simultaneously fulfill these three conditions, we develop the new piecewise-linear approximate measure (PLAME) for training additive kernel SVM models. Experimental results verify that this approach can achieve the best trade-off between accuracy, memory space, and training time compared with different types of state-of-the-art methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Additives

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Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Based Shortest Path Routing in VANET 7

Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization Based Shortest Path Rout...

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7th International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies, ICCPCT 2024

作者： Ramya, R. Yazhini, A. Geetha, T. Devi, R. Sahila Kavin, K.S. Dhanalakshmi, S. Saveetha School of Engineering Department of Nano Electronics Materials and Sensors ECE Chennai India Anna University College of Engineering Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai600025 India Agni College of Engineering and Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India Rohini College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Palkulam629401 India Government College of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tamilnadu Tirunelveli India Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Erode Sathyamangalam638401 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372816

The present study examines the Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) exhibit unexpected behavior due to their high mobility and random network structure. Including ad hoc networks, a variety of problems, including repeated connected breakdowns, flexibility, multi-hop transmission of information, and information loss, impact Transmission Control Protocols (TCP). To overcome this problem, this paper suggests employing zone-based routing in VANETs while taking mobility into account. The routing technique is implemented with a hybrid optimization strategy. The most significant swarm intelligence (SI) algorithm for solving optimization issues is the chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm. Due to its simplicity, which involves just a few parameters, CPSO has grown to be considered one of the most frequently used optimization techniques. When resolving challenging optimization problems, the routing algorithms experience high overhead or incompatibilities. A CPSO based shortest path routing method is presented for VANET that offers a high-quality path for connection among nodes, improving the distribution of packets percentage and preventing end-to-end delay, in order to enhanced routing effectiveness and throughput in prevailing approaches. These achievements show that CPSO performs adequately and is experiencing significant progress. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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