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Hierarchical Split Federated Learning: Convergence Analysis and System Optimization

IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Lin, Zheng Wei, Wei Chen, Zhe Lam, Chan-Tong Chen, Xianhao Gao, Yue Luo, Jun University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Fudan University Institute of Space Internet Shanghai China Fudan University School of Computer Science Shanghai China Macao Polytechnic University Faculty of Applied Sciences China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore

As AI models expand in size, it has become increasingly challenging to deploy federated learning (FL) on resource-constrained edge devices. To tackle this issue, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as an FL framework with reduced workload on edge devices via model splitting;it has received extensive attention from the research community in recent years. Nevertheless, most prior works on SFL focus only on a two-tier architecture without harnessing multi-tier cloud-edge computing resources. In this paper, we intend to analyze and optimize the learning performance of SFL under multi-tier systems. Specifically, we propose the hierarchical SFL (HSFL) framework and derive its convergence bound. Based on the theoretical results, we formulate a joint optimization problem for model splitting (MS) and model aggregation (MA). To solve this rather hard problem, we then decompose it into MS and MA sub-problems that can be solved via an iterative descending algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the tailored algorithm can effectively optimize MS and MA in multi-tier systems and significantly outperform existing schemes. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Single- and Multiuser Virtual Reality Training for Forklift Driving

Single- and Multiuser Virtual Reality Training for Forklift ...

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Cognitive Aspects of Virtual Reality (CVR), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Tord Hettervik Froland Werner Ravyse Mika Luimula Ilona Heldal Department of Safety Chemistry and Biomedical laboratory sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway School of ICT: Futuristic Interactive Technologies research group Turku University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway

Hands-on skills training is a constant requirement in a multitude of practical work settings and virtual reality (VR) is often found to be a valuable training opportunity to safely prepare students for their future work environments. One of the main benefits of utilizing VR-based training is providing high grades of presence and involvement. Although the user experiences of students are a key factor that impacts the use of a VR simulation, it becomes more challenging to decide whether single- or multi-user experiences should be planned and developed. This paper presents the results from a between-subjects case study comparing the user experiences of single- and multi-user VR training for forklift driving. Findings highlight the importance of considering various aspects of VR technology to design VR training environments for high user experiences, including the impact of age, group dynamics, and freedom of movement in the environment. The benefits and challenges of single- and multi-user VR training for high experiences and implications for utilizing serious games in VR-based training are discussed.

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Analysis Pre and Post COVID-19 Pandemic Rorschach Test Data of Using EM Algorithms and GMM Models

Analysis Pre and Post COVID-19 Pandemic Rorschach Test Data ...

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2022 Scholar's Yearly Symposium of Technology, engineering and mathematics, SYSTEM 2022

作者： Ponzi, Valerio Russo, Samuele Wajda, Agata Brociek, Rafal Napoli, Christian Department of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via Ariosto 25 Roma00185 Italy Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Via dei Marsi 78 Roma00185 Italy Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology Zabrze41-803 Poland Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Applied Mathematics Silesian University of Technology Gliwice44-100 Poland Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science Italian National Research Council Via dei Taurini 19 Roma00185 Italy

The global spread of the COVID-19 virus has become one of the greatest challenges that humanity has faced in recent years. The unprecedented circumstances of forced isolation and uncertainty that it has imposed on us continue to impact our mental well-being, whether or not we have been directly affected by the virus. Over a period of nearly three years (2017-2020), data was collected from multiple administrations of the Rorschach test, one of the most renowned and extensively studied psychological tests. This study involved the clustering of data, collected through the RAP3 software, to analyze the distinctive trends in data recorded before and after the pandemic. This was achieved through the implementation of the well-established machine learning algorithm, Expectation-Maximization. The proposed solution effectively identifies the key variables that significantly influence the subject's score and provides a reliable solution. Additionally, the solution offers an intuitive visualization that can assist psychologists in accurately interpreting shifts in trends and response distributions within a large amount of data in the two periods. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

关键词： Principal component analysis

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Reflection Optimization for Covert Ambient Backscatter Systems Under Two Jamming Patterns

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Xie, Yuanai Wen, Yaoyao Zhang, Xiao Lai, Pan Liu, Zhixin Pan, Haoyuan Chan, Tse-Tin South-Central Minzu University School of Computer Science Wuhan430074 China Yanshan University School of Electrical Engineering Qinhuangdao066004 China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China The Education University of Hong Kong Department of Mathematics and Information Technology Hong Kong

Ambient backscatter communication (ABC) enables low-cost and energy-efficient connectivity for Internet of Things (IoT) devices by leveraging ambient radio-frequency (RF) signals. However, the passive nature and open wireless medium of ABC systems make them vulnerable to detection by unauthorized receivers (wardens). To mitigate this risk, covert communication, which conceals transmissions by embedding them within noise, offers a promising security enhancement for ABC systems. This paper proposes a jammer-assisted reflection coefficient optimization framework to enhance the covertness and reliability of ABC systems with an endogenous warden and an external jammer. Specifically, we consider two distinct jamming patterns: uniformly distributed and truncated exponentially distributed artificial noise power. We derive closed-form expressions for both the outage probability of the backscatter link and the minimum detection error rate at the warden under these jamming patterns. Based on these expressions, we determine the optimal reflection coefficients that maximize the effective covert rate while satisfying a predefined covertness constraint. Additionally, we introduce the concept of jamming cost to evaluate the efficiency and applicability of different jamming patterns in terms of the required jamming power to achieve a desired level of covertness. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework and reveal that while uniform jamming provides stronger covertness and lower jamming cost, truncated exponential jamming achieves a lower outage probability. These findings provide key insights for designing secure and efficient ABC systems across diverse IoT deployment scenarios. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Ambient backscatter communication artificial noise covert communication covert rate jamming patterns reflection coefficient optimization

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Optical scanning endoscope via a single multimode optical fiber

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Opto-Electronic Science 2024年第3期3卷 1-32页

作者： Guangxing Wu Runze Zhu Yanqing Lu Minghui Hong Fei Xu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3117576Singapore College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology Xiamen University33 Qunxian RoadXiamen 361005China

Optical endoscopy has become an essential diagnostic and therapeutic approach in modern biomedicine for directly observing organs and tissues deep inside the human body,enabling non-invasive,rapid diagnosis and *** fiber endoscopy is highly competitive among various endoscopic imaging techniques due to its high flexibility,compact structure,excellent resolution,and resistance to electromagnetic *** the past decade,endoscopes based on a single multimode optical fiber(MMF)have attracted widespread research interest due to their potential to significantly reduce the footprint of optical fiber endoscopes and enhance imaging *** comparison with other imaging principles of MMF endoscopes,the scanning imaging method based on the wavefront shaping technique is highly developed and provides benefits including excellent imaging contrast,broad applicability to complex imaging scenarios,and good compatibility with various well-established scanning imaging *** this review,various technical routes to achieve light focusing through MMF and procedures to conduct the scanning imaging of MMF endoscopes are *** advancements in imaging performance enhancements,integrations of various imaging modalities with MMF scanning endoscopes,and applications are *** specific to this endoscopic imaging technology are analyzed,and potential remedies and avenues for future developments are discussed.

关键词： multimode optical fiber endoscope scanning imaging focusing wavefront shaping

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The effect of cell culture alkalinity caused by positive electrostatic charge therapy on breast cancer cells apoptosis

The effect of cell culture alkalinity caused by positive ele...

引用

Iranian Conference of Biomedical engineering (ICBME)

作者： Seyedeh Hoda Asnaashari Namaqi Sadegh Mohammadi Hosseinabadi Mohammad Karami Mehrdad Saviz Reza Faraji Dana Biomedical Engineering department AmirKabir university of Technology Tehran Iran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Center of Excellence for Applied Electromagnetic Systems University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Breast cancer and consequent tumor metastases are almost hard challenges for human health in the last years. The tumor metastases affect treatments adversely. Positive Electrostatic Charge Therapy (PECT) is a new and different method to treat malignant tumors. The evaluated two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) indicated that despite MCF-7 and normal cells, PECT induced significant apoptosis in MDA-MB-231. Positive charge accumulation likely repels cations and the proton is an important cation that affects intracellular pH. In this study, we investigated the effect of alkaline cell culture on Benign and malignant breast cancer cell apoptosis. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were incubated in alkaline culture with a pH of 8.8. The cell lines’ apoptosis was monitored through microscopy and flow cytometry methods. The results showed more apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 as expected. The obtained result could be due to the higher culture acidity of MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7. The results can suggest new methods for treating malignant breast cancer in the future.

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Design of Monopole Transparent Antenna for Satellite Internet Aboard Aircraft

Design of Monopole Transparent Antenna for Satellite Interne...

引用

International electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tawan Thianthong Patchadaporn Sangpet Chatree Mahatthanajatuphat Nipont Tangthong Chawalit Rakluea Nonchanutt Chudpooti Thinnawat Jangjing Supphakon Khongchon Siam Airport Ground Services Co. Ltd. Bangkok Thailand Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Rajamangala Faculty of Engineering University of Technology Thanyaburi Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

This research presents the design of a transparent antenna for satellite internet aboard aircraft. The presented antenna comprises a triangular arrow monopole antenna fed by a tapered microstrip transmission line. It employs a polycarbonate composite substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 2.8 and a thickness (h) of 1 mm. The proposed transparent antenna achieves a bandwidth in the frequency range of 10.42–22.70 GHz, with an omnidirectional radiation pattern and an average gain of 2.57 dBi, effectively covering the Ku band for satellite internet applications. The antenna design was simulated using electromagnetic wave CST simulation software, and a prototype antenna was fabricated. The designed antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB throughout the 10.7–12.7 GHz frequency range, which is the operational frequency range for satellite internet and is an acceptable value in research terms. Moreover, a conductor with a thickness of 0.035 mm sits on a composite substrate material to form the antenna structure for satellite internet aboard aircraft. We need to study and apply various techniques to further enhance the antenna's performance in future designs.

关键词： Satellite antennas Airplanes Satellites Microstrip antennas Military aircraft Internet Substrates Gain Antenna radiation patterns Transmission line antennas

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Adaptive mixture approximation for target tracking in clutter

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： D’Ortenzio, Alessandro Manes, Costanzo Orguner, Umut Department of Information Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics University of L’Aquila Center of Excellence EX-Emerge Italy Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Turkey

Target tracking represents a state estimation problem recurrent in many practical scenarios like air traffic control, autonomous vehicles, marine radar surveillance and so on. In a Bayesian perspective, when phenomena like clutter are present, the vast majority of the existing tracking algorithms have to deal with association hypotheses which can grow in the number over time;in that case, the posterior state distribution can become computationally intractable and approximations have to be introduced. In this work, the impact of the number of hypotheses and corresponding reductions is investigated both in terms of employed computational resources and tracking performances. For this purpose, a recently developed adaptive mixture model reduction algorithm is considered in order to assess its performances when applied to the problem of single object tracking in the presence of clutter and to provide additional insights on the addressed problem. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Target tracking

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Vacuum Ultraviolet Light-Generating Metalens

Vacuum Ultraviolet Light-Generating Metalens

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2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim, CLEO-PR 2022

作者： Tseng, Ming Lun Semmlinger, Michael Zhang, Ming Arndt, Catherine Huang, Tzu-Ting Yang, Jian Kuo, Hsin Yu Su, Vin-Cent Chen, Mu Ku Chu, Cheng Hung Cerjan, Benjamin Tsai, Din Ping Nordlander, Peter Halas, Naomi J. Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Laboratory for Nanophotonics Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National United University Miaoli36003 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light is of great importance to many applications such as photochemistry and nanolithography. In this talk, a nonlinear metalens composed of ZnO nanoantennas for VUV generation and focusing wi...

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350012

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DarSIA: An open-source Python toolbox for two-scale image processing of dynamics in porous media

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nordbotten, Jan Martin Benali, Benyamine Both, Jakub Wiktor Brattekås, Bergit Storvik, Erlend Fernø, Martin A. Center for Modeling of Coupled Subsurface Dynamics Dept. of Mathematics University of Bergen Norway Norwegian Research Center Postboks 22 Nygårdstangen Bergen5838 Norway Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway Department of Computer science Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Norway

Understanding porous media flow is inherently a multi-scale challenge, where at the core lies the aggregation of pore-level processes to a continuum, or Darcy-scale, description. This challenge is directly mirrored in image processing, where grains and interfaces may be clearly visible, yet continuous parameters are desirable to measure. Classical image processing is poorly adapted to this setting, as most techniques do not explicitly utilize the fact that the image contains explicit physical processes. Here, we adapt classical image processing concepts to what we define as "physical images" of porous materials and processes within them. This is realized through the development of a new open-source image analysis toolbox specifically adapted to time-series of images of porous materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Porous materials

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