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Epileptic seizure detection in EEG signals via an enhanced hybrid CNN with an integrated attention mechanism

Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 2025年第1期22卷 73-105页

作者： Mekruksavanich, Sakorn Phaphan, Wikanda Jitpattanakul, Anuchit Department of Computer Engineering School of Information and Communication Technology University of Phayao Phayao56000 Thailand Department of Applied Statistics Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok10800 Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok10800 Thailand Intelligent and Nonlinear Dynamic Innovations Research Center Science and Technology Research Institute King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok10800 Thailand

Epileptic seizures, a prevalent neurological condition, necessitate precise and prompt identification for optimal care. Nevertheless, the intricate characteristics of electroencephalography (EEG) signals, noise, and the want for real-time analysis require enhancement in the creation of dependable detection approaches. Despite advances in machine learning and deep learning, capturing the intricate spatial and temporal patterns in EEG data remains challenging. This study introduced a novel deep learning framework combining a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU), and convolutional block attention module (CBAM). The CNN extracts spatial features, the BiGRU captures long-term temporal dependencies, and the CBAM emphasizes critical spatial and temporal regions, creating a hybrid architecture optimized for EEG pattern recognition. Evaluation of a public EEG dataset revealed superior performance compared to existing methods. The model achieved 99.00% accuracy in binary classification, 96.20% in three-class tasks, 92.00% in four-class scenarios, and 89.00% in five-class classification. High sensitivity (89.00–99.00%) and specificity (89.63–99.00%) across all tasks highlighted the model’s robust ability to identify diverse EEG patterns. This approach supports healthcare professionals in diagnosing epileptic seizures accurately and promptly, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. © 2025 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Performance Impact of Wind Speed on MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

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Procedia computer Science 2025年 257卷 190-197页

作者： Md Al Shayokh Anne-Lena Kampen Kjell Eivind Frøysa Lars Michael Kristensen Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway

Acoustic communication in underwater environments is challenging due to high propagation delay and severely limited bandwidth. Furthermore, the quality of the channel is dynamically changing due to wind, rain, temperature and other environmental factors. Efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols are therefore particularly important for acoustic sensor networks (UWSNs) to prevent a significant portion of the scarce bandwidth to be wasted on packet collision. Increased wind speed add surface roughness for underwater communication, which in turn can affect the overall performance of MAC protocols in UWSNs. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the performance of five MAC protocols for UWSNs in terms of packet delivery rate, energy consumption and delay under different wind speeds. The protocols investigated are: Aloha, Aloha with carrier sense (Aloha-CS), Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), T-Lohi, and Distance Aware Collision Avoidance Protocol (DACAP). Our simulation studies show that at low wind speeds of 10 m/s, CSMA performs better than other protocols in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) while Aloha without acknowledgement has the lowest End-to-End (E2E) delay with a trade-off in packet delivery ratio (PDR). At higher wind speed of 20 m/s to 30 m/s, T-Lohi outperforms the other protocols both in terms of PDR, E2E delay, and energy consumption.

关键词： Emerging Networking Technologies Wireless Sensor Networks MAC Protocols Acoustic Underwater Communication

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Adaptive Genghis Khan Shark based convolutional denoising autoencoder for quality enhancement of satellite images

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-14页

作者： Rajalakshmi, M. Subramanian, R. S. Sankara Tamilselvan, S. Bhuvanesh, A. Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Mathematics PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering PSN College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu Tirunelveli India

Satellite image processing often enhances feature perception and visibility for exact feature identification. Additionally, the change improves remote sensing data quality and clarity. Due to their long distances, these photos often have weather-related noise and distortion that must be fixed. This paper addresses these challenges with a Deep Learning (DL) satellite image denoising technique. An Adaptive Genghis Khan Shark Algorithm (AGKSA) and a Convolutional Denoised Autoencoder are used to improve satellite images in this study. The CDAE settings are optimized using the AGKSA while keeping important image attributes. AGKSA is used in this hybrid model to optimize CDAE performance under various noise conditions. Experimental results showed that the proposed model outperforms traditional image denoising approaches in satellite imagery feature extraction and visual quality. In very precise image processing applications like environmental monitoring and land use classification, the CDAE-AGKSA works well. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： Adaptive Genghis Khan algorithm Convolutional denoised autoencoder Satellite image enhancement Satellite image processing

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CLEARING SECTIONS OF LATTICE LIABILITY NETWORKS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ghrist, Robert Gould, Julian Lopez, Miguel Riess, Hans Department of Mathematics and Electrical & Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA Department of Mathematics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA Applied Mathematics & Computational Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA

Modern financial networks involve complex obligations that transcend simple monetary debts: multiple currencies, prioritized claims, supply chain dependencies, and more. We present a mathematical framework that unifies and extends these scenarios by recasting the classical Eisenberg-Noe model of financial clearing in terms of lattice liability networks. Each node in the network carries a complete lattice of possible states, while edges encode nominal liabilities. Our framework generalizes the scalar-valued clearing vectors of the classical model to lattice-valued clearing sections, preserving the elegant fixed-point structure while dramatically expanding its descriptive power. Our main theorem establishes that such networks possess clearing sections that themselves form a complete lattice under the product order. This structure theorem enables tractable analysis of equilibria in diverse domains, including multi-currency financial systems, decentralized finance with automated market makers, supply chains with resource transformation, and permission networks with complex authorization structures. We further extend our framework to chain-complete lattices for term structure models and multivalued mappings for complex negotiation systems. Our results demonstrate how lattice theory provides a natural language for understanding complex network dynamics across multiple domains, creating a unified mathematical foundation for analyzing systemic risk, resource allocation, and network *** Codes 91G40, 06B23, 91D30, 68Q85 Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lattice theory

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DR-PETS: Learning-Based Control With Planning in Adversarial Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jesawada, Hozefa Acernese, Antonio Russo, Giovanni Del Vecchio, Carmen Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Italy Department of Engineering University of Sannio Italy

Ensuring robustness against epistemic, possibly adversarial, perturbations is essential for reliable real-world decision-making. While the Probabilistic Ensembles with Trajectory Sampling (PETS) algorithm inherently handles uncertainty via ensemble-based probabilistic models, it lacks guarantees against structured adversarial or worst-case uncertainty distributions. To address this, we propose DR-PETS, a distributionally robust extension of PETS that certifies robustness against adversarial perturbations. We formalize uncertainty via a p-Wasserstein ambiguity set, enabling worst-case-aware planning through a min-max optimization framework. While PETS passively accounts for stochasticity, DR-PETS actively optimizes robustness via a tractable convex approximation integrated into PETS’ planning loop. Experiments on pendulum stabilization and cart-pole balancing show that DR-PETS certifies robustness against adversarial parameter perturbations, achieving consistent performance in worst-case scenarios where PETS deteriorates. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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A Novel Approach for Performance Evaluation and Effectiveness of Data-Driven Heart Disease Diagnosis

A Novel Approach for Performance Evaluation and Effectivenes...

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International Conference on Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, ICAAAIML 2023

作者： Islam, Md Aminul Nag, Anindya Das, Ayontika Faruque, Jobaer Shuvo, Shabbir Ahmed Nur, Abdullah Hafez Rahman, Md Habibur School of Engineering Computing and Mathematics Oxford Brookes University Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Adamas University Kolkata India IRD Dhaka Bangladesh Offenburg University of Applied Sciences Offenburg Germany International Islamic University Chittagong Sonaichhari Bangladesh Department of Mathematics University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9789819795062

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a prominent cause of mortality globally during the past few decades. To receive medical care for heart illness in a clinic or medical center, it is necessary to undergo costly diagnostic tests. Implementing machine learning (ML) algorithms presents a viable approach to monitoring the health of individuals with cardiac conditions, offering a potential solution to mitigate the financial burden of medical expenses. This study employed ten ML algorithms to predict heart disease, which distinguishes itself from others by incorporating three distinct cross-validation approaches and three sample techniques, enhancing our findings’ accuracy. Three different cross-validation strategies have been implemented in this study: holdout cross-validation, tenfold cross-validation, and stratified tenfold cross-validation. Each technique has been applied to every sample technique used in the study. DTC, RFC, KNN, and XGB algorithms exhibited the most favorable outcomes. Our recommended model is the RF Classifier implemented with near-miss under-sampling out of the four models considered. The model under consideration demonstrates the maximum level of accuracy, specifically 97.54%, 97.11%, and 99%, while employing the Extra Tree, Random Forest Classifier, and XGB. The ML model's performance was assessed using metrics like accuracy, error rate, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC AUC curve etc. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Cardiology

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Synthesis and Analysis of Data as Probability Measures With Entropy-Regularized Optimal Transport

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Mallery, Brendan Murphy, James M. Aeron, Shuchin Tufts University United States Department of Mathematics Uruguay Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

We consider synthesis and analysis of probability measures using the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 cost and its unbiased version, the Sinkhorn divergence. The synthesis problem consists of computing the barycenter, with respect to these costs, of reference measures given a set of coefficients belonging to the simplex. The analysis problem consists of finding the coefficients for the closest barycenter in the Wasserstein-2 distance to a given measure. Under the weakest assumptions on the measures thus far in the literature, we compute the derivative of the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 cost. We leverage this to establish a characterization of barycenters with respect to the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 cost as solutions that correspond to a fixed point of an average of the entropy-regularized displacement maps. This characterization yields a finite-dimensional, convex, quadratic program for solving the analysis problem when the measure being analyzed is a barycenter with respect to the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 cost. We show that these coefficients, as well as the value of the barycenter functional, can be estimated from samples with dimension-independent rates of convergence, and that barycentric coefficients are stable with respect to perturbations in the Wasserstein-2 metric. We employ the barycentric coefficients as features for classification of corrupted point cloud data, and show that compared to neural network baselines, our approach is more efficient in small training data regimes. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Quadratic programming

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Leveraging Tree-Based Machine Learning and Explainable AI for UAV GPS Spoofing Detection

Leveraging Tree-Based Machine Learning and Explainable AI fo...

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2025 IEEE SoutheastCon, SoutheastCon 2025

作者： Devkota, Bhawana Poudel Devkota, Bidur Kandel, Laxima Niure Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daytona Beach United States Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Department of Mathematics Daytona Beach United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504847

The increasing reliance on GPS systems in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has made the need for an efficient and robust system to detect, mitigate, and prevent potential disruption during operation like jamming and spoofing. Machine learning (ML) approaches have played a vital role in GPS spoofing detection which can be enhanced further by gaining the insights of the underlying factors that leads to prediction. For this, a popular Explainable AI(XAI) framework named Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) is applied providing feature explanation of benign and malicious classes in ML model predictions. This study compares the four tree-based ML models namely Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boost (CatBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM) on a real-world GPS spoofing dataset for UAVs. The features of best performing model, XGBoost with an accuracy of 99.89% is further interpreted using SHAP technique to provide feature-specific explanations for the results. These explanations of the framework aim to improve understanding, build trust, and support effective defenses against GPS spoofing. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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Scalable and Reliable Data Framework for Sensor-Enabled Virtual Power Plant Digital Twin

IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors

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IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Sensors 2025年 2卷 108-120页

作者： Singh, Amritpal Demirbaga, Umit Aujla, Gagangeet Singh Jindal, Anish Sun, Hongjian Jiang, Jing Northumbria University Department of Computer and Information Sciences Newcastle Upon TyneNE1 8ST United Kingdom Bartin University Department of Computer Engineering Bartin74110 Turkey Durham University Department of Computer Science DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Durham University Department of Engineering DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Northumbria University Department of Mathematics Physics and Electrical Engineering NewcastleNE1 8ST United Kingdom

Sensor-enabled distributed energy resources (DERs) provide various advantages, including a lower carbon footprint, yet effective management of millions of DERs is still an issue. Virtual power plants (VPP) can integrate several DERs into a unified operational digital twin to enable real-time monitoring, analysis, and control. VPP may utilize advanced solutions to improve operational efficiency by combining substantial measurement data from DERs. However, effectively managing the quantity and complexity of data flows, whether streaming data or high-impact low-frequency data, is essential in maintaining the performance of DERs at sustained levels. The vast amounts of diverse data generated from various DERs pose significant challenges for storage, processing, and resource management. This article proposes a comprehensive framework that employs a distributed big data cluster to ensure scalable and reliable data storage and utilizes a robust message broker system for efficient data queuing. In addition, we present innovative load-balancing strategies within the VPP digital twin system. A decision tree algorithm is implemented to calculate the forthcoming workload collected by various deployed sensors at various DERs. The required resources are identified per workload, and the numbers are forwarded to the orchestrator. The orchestrator scales up and down resources based on resource utilization suggested by the decision tree algorithm when the resources or nodes are insufficient to handle the sensor data, optimizing the utilization of computing resources. The framework also features a failure detection component that performs root cause analysis to provide actionable insights for system optimization. Experimental results show that this framework ensures high efficiency, reliability, and real-time operational capability in VPP digital twin by addressing critical challenges in data storage, streaming data analysis, and load balancing. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Carbon footprint

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Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Accessibility: Smart Reader as an Assistive Tool for the Visually Impaired 2

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Accessibili...

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous Systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Palarimath, Suresh Radhakrishnan, Venkateswaran Veerasamy, Devarajan Valsalan, Prajoona Viswan, Vimbi Thumu, Muni Balaji College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Salalah Oman College of Engineering Dhofar Univesity Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Salalah Oman College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Sohar Oman

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

The amalgamation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has greatly improved accessibility for visually impaired individuals, fostering increased autonomy through pioneering assistive technology. This study introduces the Smart Reader, a device that integrates optical character recognition (OCR) and text-to-speech (TTS) technologies to enhance accessibility to printed documents. The Smart Reader utilizes a camera to take text images, translates them into digital representation through OCR, and converts the text into audible speech via TTS. The system has an intuitive user interface, an automatic page-turning mechanism, and a dictionary lookup function, guaranteeing a seamless reading experience. The findings indicate that the Smart Reader significantly improves access to written information, hence enhancing the quality of life for visually impaired individuals, especially in educational environments such as schools and libraries. The device is engineered for user-friendliness, enhancing accessibility and autonomy. The Smart Reader utilizes AI and ML, marking a significant progression in assistive technology, promoting an inclusive society where visually impaired individuals can engage with printed material with assurance. In addition to functionality, it seeks to empower people by connecting capability with opportunity, guaranteeing equitable access to information for everyone. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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