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Association of PM_(2.5)Reduction with Improved Kidney Function:A Nationwide Quasiexperiment among Chinese Adults

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Health Data Science 2022年第1期2022卷 115-123页

作者： Yiqun Han Tao Xue Frank J.Kelly Yixuan Zheng Yao Yao Jiajianghui Li Jiwei Li Chun Fan Pengfei Li Tong Zhu Environmental Research Group MRC Centre for Environment and HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning100012 BeijingChina China Center for Health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Computer Center Peking University and Peng Cheng LaboratoryChina Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityChina

*** evidence from human studies has revealed the adverse impact of ambient fine particles(PM_(2.5))on health outcomes related to metabolic disorders and distant *** exposure to ambient PM_(2.5)leads to kidney impairment remains *** rapid air quality improvement driven by the clean air actions in China since 2013 provides an opportunity for a quasiexperiment to investigate the beneficial effect of PM_(2.5)reduction on kidney *** on two repeated nationwide surveys of the same population of 5115 adults in 2011 and 2015,we conducted a difference-indifference *** in long-term exposure to ambient PM_(2.5)were associated with changes in kidney function biomarkers,including estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine(GFRscr)or cystatin C(GFRcys),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and uric acid(UA).*** a 10μg/m^(3)reduction in PM_(2.5),a significant improvement was observed for multiple kidney functional biomarkers,including GFRscr,BUN and UA,with a change of 0.42(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.06,0.78)mL/min/1.73m^(2),-0.38(-0.64,-0.12)mg/dL,and-0.06(-0.12,-0.00)mg/dL,respectively.A lower socioeconomic status,indicated by rural residence or low educational level,enhanced the adverse effect of PM_(2.5)on kidney *** results support a significant nephrotoxicity of PM_(2.5)based on multiple serum biomarkers and indicate a beneficial effect of improved air quality on kidney function.

关键词： Kidney organs ambient

A Systematic Survey of Control Techniques and Applications in Connected and Automated Vehicles

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Wei Hua, Min Deng, Zhiyun Meng, Zonglin Huang, Yanjun Hu, Chuan Song, Shunhui Gao, Letian Liu, Changsheng Shuai, Bin Khajepour, Amir Xiong, Lu Xia, Xin School of Automotive Studies Tongji University Shanghai218074 China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Changchun130025 China School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada

Vehicle control is one of the most critical challenges in autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and it is paramount in vehicle safety, passenger comfort, transportation efficiency, and energy saving. This survey attempts to provide a comprehensive and thorough overview of the current state of vehicle control technology, focusing on the evolution from vehicle state estimation and trajectory tracking control in AVs at the microscopic level to collaborative control in CAVs at the macroscopic level. First, this review starts with vehicle key state estimation, specifically vehicle sideslip angle, which is the most pivotal state for vehicle trajectory control, to discuss representative approaches. Then, we present symbolic vehicle trajectory tracking control approaches for AVs. On top of that, we further review the collaborative control frameworks for CAVs and corresponding applications. Finally, this survey concludes with a discussion of future research directions and the challenges. This survey aims to provide a contextualized and in-depth look at state of the art in vehicle control for AVs and CAVs, identifying critical areas of focus and pointing out the potential areas for further exploration. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

The Potential of Low-Frequency Polarimetric SAR Data for Soil Carbon Content Retrieval in the Arctic

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The Potential of Low-Frequency Polarimetric SAR Data for Soi...

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Yonghong Yi Alireza Tabatabaeenejad Anke Fluhrer Thomas Jagdhuber Mahta Moghaddam John S. Kimball Charles E. Miller College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Tongji University Shanghai China The Aerospace Corporation El Segundo CA USA Institue of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group The University of Montana Missoula MT USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Accurate soil carbon data are important for understanding the permafrost response and potential carbon release to future climate change. However, there is a large discrepancy in current soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates in the Arctic, where sparse measurements are unable to capture SOC complexity over the vast and remote region. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are sensitive to roughness and moisture conditions of soil and vegetation, and may provide useful information on surface and profile SOC properties ( Yi et al., 2021 , 2022 ). The NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) airborne campaign acquired an abundance of full-polarimetric P- and L-band SAR data across Alaska and western Canada ( Miller et al., 2019 ), which provides opportunities to test new remote sensing applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of low-frequency polarimetric SAR data for regional SOC retrieval in the Arctic through data analysis and modeling. We chose the Alaska North Slope as our study area due to more in-situ data available in this area.

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Discriminatory or Samaritan - which AI is needed for humanity? An Evolutionary Game Theory Analysis of Hybrid Human-AI populations

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Booker, Tim Miranda, Manuel Moreno López, Jesús A. Fernández, José María Ramos Reddel, Max Widler, Valeria Zimmaro, Filippo Antonioni, Alberto Han, The Anh Complexity Science Hub Vienna Austria IFISC UIB CSIC Spain Universidad de La Laguna Spain Department of Emerging Technology Governance International Center for Future Generations Belgium Modeling and Simulation of Complex Processes Zuse Institute Berlin Germany Department of Mathematics University of Bologna Italy Department of Computer Science University of Pisa Italy Department of Mathematics University Carlos III de Madrid | UC3M Spain School of Computing Engineering and Digital Technologies Teesside University United Kingdom

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly embedded in our lives, their presence leads to interactions that shape our behaviour, decision-making, and social interactions. Existing theoretical research has primarily focused on human-to-human interactions, overlooking the unique dynamics triggered by the presence of AI. In this paper, resorting to methods from evolutionary game theory, we study how different forms of AI influence the evolution of cooperation in a human population playing the one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma game in both well-mixed and structured populations. We found that Samaritan AI agents that help everyone unconditionally, including defectors, can promote higher levels of cooperation in humans than Discriminatory AI that only help those considered worthy/cooperative, especially in slow-moving societies where change is viewed with caution or resistance (small intensities of selection). Intuitively, in fast-moving societies (high intensities of selection), Discriminatory AIs promote higher levels of cooperation than Samaritan AIs. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Decision making

Centrifugal Microfluidic Based Painless Blood Sample Collection for Hematocrit Measurement

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Centrifugal Microfluidic Based Painless Blood Sample Collect...

Biomedical engineering International Conference (BMEiCON)

作者： Santi Rattanavarin Thanapat Sangkharat Ekachai Juntasaro Witsaroot Sripumkhai Pattaraluck Pattamang Norabadee Ranron Numfon Khemthongcharoen Chompunoot Sinthupibulyakit Chamras Promptmas Chayapitcha Saesue Jiraskul Udarwudhipong Wutthinan Jeamsaksiri Department of Production and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand Mechanical Engineering Simulation and Design Group (MESD) Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC) National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Chachoengsao Thailand Infrastructure Development Division (IDD) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand Faculty of Medical Technology Huachiew Chalermprakiet University Samut Prakan Thailand Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand

This work demonstrates a centrifugal microfluidic chip design for painless blood collection and hematocrit measurement. The fluid channel in the microfluidic chip was fabricated using a laser-cutting method. An optimal dimension of the negative pressure chamber was designed to control the maximum sample volume obtained for further hematocrit examination. The estimated blood sample of 20 µl could be obtained based on the negative pressure driven by finger press actuation on the negative pressure chamber of the microfluidic chip. The repeatability of blood volume collection evaluated by a laboratory technician was 21.126±0.001 µl with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.32%. The sample volume used in this centrifugal microfluidic chip was around three times lower than that used in the standard method. Pack red cell preparation for hematocrit examination in the microfluidic chip could be achieved using a centrifugation speed around 2.4 times lower than that used in the standard method. The hematocrit examination by our centrifugal microfluidic chip and the standard method was 41.75±0.77 (1.84 %CV), and 41.5±0.71 (1.7 %CV), respectively. The results showed that the hematocrit measurements in our centrifugal microfluidic chip were compatible with those measured by the standard method.

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An invisible DWT watermarking algorithm using noise removal with application to dermoscopic images 9

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An invisible DWT watermarking algorithm using noise removal ...

9th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences, IC-MSQUARE 2020

作者： Moldovanu, S. Michis, F.A. Moraru, L. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Faculty of Automation Computers Sciences Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2 Stiintei Street GalatiRO-800210 Romania Department of Chemistry Physics and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Environment Dunarea de Jos University of Galati 47 Domneasca Street Galati800008 Romania Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Modelling and Simulation Laboratory Galati Romania

A new approach for the digital watermarking process is proposed to be part of the pre-processing stage of a computer-aided diagnosis system. We propose to embed a denoised image acting as the watermark image in the original host image with the final goal of improving the quality of demoscopic images for further image processing operation related to CAD. The proposed algorithm uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) corroborated with some basic properties of Human Visual System such as Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF) and Noise Visibility Function (NVF) with the goal of correlating the texture properties and noise. This approach hides the watermark (i.e. denoised version of the host image) in high-pass subbands that are focused on image features. The main concern is to evaluate the distortion produced to the host image by watermarking and an objective quality measure function, i.e. Weighted Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (WPSNR), is used to evaluate the existing differences between the original and watermarked images. The proposed approach is tested using the available skin lesion images from the digital image archive of the department of Dermatology of the University Medical Center Groningen. The experiment results show the improved performance of the proposed scheme against a 3 × 3 median filtering attack in comparison with the a 5 × 5 median filtering attack. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

Symbolic Expressions for Direct and Inverse Solutions to Common Latitudes with the Variable of Geocentric Latitude

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Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 2022年第5期47卷 707-714页

作者： Jiao, Chenchen Li, Houpu Bian, Shaofeng Zhong, Yexun Pan, Xiong Wuhan430074 China Department of Navigation Naval University of Engineering Wuhan430033 China Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Ministry of Education Nanning Normal University Nanning530001 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning530001 China School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan Textile University Wuhan430200 China

Objectives: For traditional ellipsoid geometry, the transformations of direct and inverse solutions to common latitudes are carried out with the geodetic latitude as the variable, which is complex for understanding. However, the geocentric latitude is more intuitive than the geodetic latitude. Therefore, the direct and inverse solutions to common latitudes with the geocentric latitude as the variable are derived, which is not only the supplementary study of the latitude transformation theory but also the optimization of the traditional latitude transformation method. Methods: Firstly, the rectifying latitude, conformal latitude, and authalic latitude are expressed as the functions of geocentric latitude. Secondly, with the help of the powerful computer algebra system Mathematica, the coefficients are expressed in the power series of the elliptical eccentricity e and the third flattening rate n of the ellipsoid in the formulas respectively, and the direct solution expressions are obtained. On this basis, the inverse solution expressions are derived by the symbolic iteration method. Finally, through the example of CGCS2000 ellipsoid parameters, the accuracy of the derived formulas is verified with the maximum difference as the standard. Results: Numerical examples results show that the calculation error of the expressions based on e is less than (1×10-8)'', and that based on n is less than (1×10-10)'', which can completely meet the accuracy requirement of geodesy and map projection. Conclusions: Compared with the expansions of the auxiliary latitude with the geodetic latitude as the variable, the expansions of common latitudes with the geocentric latitude as the variable are consistent with them in structures and forms. Theoretically, the geocentric latitude can be used as a supplementary means of auxiliary latitude transformations, and the power series expressions based on n have more compact forms, better convergence, and higher calculation accuracy. © 2022, Editori

关键词： Geodesy

Analog Quantum Simulator of a Quantum Field Theory with Fermion-Spin Systems in Silicon

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Rad, Ali Schuckert, Alexander Crane, Eleanor Nambiar, Gautam Fei, Fan Wyrick, Jonathan Silver, Richard M. Hafezi, Mohammad Davoudi, Zohreh Gullans, Michael J. Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States The NSF Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Atom Scale Device Group National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Simulating fermions coupled to spin degrees of freedom, relevant for a range of quantum field theories, represents a promising application for quantum simulators. Mapping fermions to qubits is challenging in 2 + 1 and higher spacetime dimensions, and mapping bosons demands substantial quantum-computational overhead. These features complicate the realization of mixed fermion-boson quantum systems in digital quantum computers. We propose a native fermion-(large-)spin analog quantum simulator by utilizing dopant arrays in silicon. Specifically, we show how to use a dynamical lattice of coupled nuclear spins and conduction-band electrons to realize a quantum field theory: an extended Jackiw-Rebbi model involving coupled fermions and quantum rotors. We demonstrate the feasibility of observing dynamical mass generation and a confinement-deconfinement quantum phase transition in 1+1 dimensions on this platform, even in the presence of strong long-range Coulomb interactions. Furthermore, we employ finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov simulations to investigate the dynamics of mass generation in two-dimensional square and honeycomb arrays, showing that this phenomenon can be simulated with realistic experimental parameters. Our findings reveal two distinct phases, and demonstrate robustness against the addition of Coulomb interactions. Finally, we discuss experimental signatures of the phases through transport and local charge sensing in dopant arrays. This study lays the foundation for quantum simulations of quantum field theories exhibiting fermions coupled to spin degrees of freedom using donors in silicon. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

Deep learning in biomedical optics

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tian, Lei Hunt, Brady Lediju Bell, Muyinatu A. Yi, Ji Smith, Jason T. Ochoa, Marien Intes, Xavier Durr, Nicholas J. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University BostonMA United States Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College HanoverNH United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Center for Modeling Simulation and Imaging in Medicine Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

This article reviews deep learning applications in biomedical optics with a particular emphasis on image formation. The review is organized by imaging domains within biomedical optics and includes microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging, in vivo microscopy, widefield endoscopy, optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic imaging, diffuse tomography, and functional optical brain imaging. For each of these domains, we summarize how deep learning has been applied and highlight methods by which deep learning can enable new capabilities for optics in medicine. Challenges and opportunities to improve translation and adoption of deep learning in biomedical optics are also summarized. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical tomography