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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bano, Sophia Casella, Alessandro Vasconcelos, Francisco Qayyum, Abdul Benzinou, Abdesslam Mazher, Moona Meriaudeau, Fabrice Lena, Chiara Cintorrino, Ilaria Anita De Paolis, Gaia Romana Biagioli, Jessica Grechishnikova, Daria Jiao, Jing Bai, Bizhe Qiao, Yanyan Bhattarai, Binod Gaire, Rebati Raman Subedi, Ronast Vazquez, Eduard Plotka, Szymon Lisowska, Aneta Sitek, Arkadiusz Attilakos, George Wimalasundera, Ruwan David, Anna L. Paladini, Dario Deprest, Jan De Momi, Elena Mattos, Leonardo S. Moccia, Sara Stoyanov, Danail Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano Italy The BioRobotics Institute Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Italy Fetal Medicine Unit Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing University College London Hospital United Kingdom EGA Institute for Women's Health Faculty of Population Health Sciences University College London United Kingdom Department of Development and Regeneration University Hospital Leuven Belgium Department of Fetal and Perinatal Medicine Istituto Giannina Gaslini Italy ENIB UMR CNRS 6285 LabSTICC 29238 France Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain ImViA Laboratory University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté France Physics Department Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia Fudan University China Medical Computer Vision and Robotics Group Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences University of Toronto Canada Co. Ltd China NepAL Applied Mathematics and Informatics Institute for Research Nepal Redev Technology United Kingdom Sano Center for Computational Medicine Poland Quantitative Healthcare Analysis Group Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Center for Advanced Medical Computing and Simulation Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States

Fetoscopy laser photocoagulation is a widely adopted procedure for treating Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). The procedure involves photocoagulation pathological anastomoses to restore a physiological blood exchange among twins. The procedure is particularly challenging, from the surgeon's side, due to the limited field of view, poor manoeuvrability of the fetoscope, poor visibility due to amniotic fluid turbidity, and variability in illumination. These challenges may lead to increased surgery time and incomplete ablation of pathological anastomoses, resulting in persistent TTTS. computer-assisted intervention (CAI) can provide TTTS surgeons with decision support and context awareness by identifying key structures in the scene and expanding the fetoscopic field of view through video mosaicking. Research in this domain has been hampered by the lack of high-quality data to design, develop and test CAI algorithms. Through the Fetoscopic Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration (FetReg2021) challenge, which was organized as part of the MICCAI2021 Endoscopic Vision (EndoVis) challenge, we released the first large-scale multi-center TTTS dataset for the development of generalized and robust semantic segmentation and video mosaicking algorithms with a focus on creating drift-free mosaics from long duration fetoscopy videos. For this challenge, we released a dataset of 2060 images, pixel-annotated for vessels, tool, fetus and background classes, from 18 in-vivo TTTS fetoscopy procedures and 18 short video clips of an average length of 411 frames for developing placental scene segmentation and frame registration for mosaicking techniques. Seven teams participated in this challenge and their model performance was assessed on an unseen test dataset of 658 pixel-annotated images from 6 fetoscopic procedures and 6 short clips. The challenge provided an opportunity for creating generalized solutions for fetoscopic scene understanding and mosaicking. In this paper,

关键词： Pixels

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A Generative Shape Compositional Framework to Synthesise Populations of Virtual Chimaeras

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Dou, Haoran Virtanen, Seppo Ravikumar, Nishant Frangi, Alejandro F. The Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine within the School of Computing The University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom The Christabel Pankhurst Institute Division of Informatics Imaging and Data Sciences University of Manchester ManchesterM1 3BB United Kingdom The Department of Computer Science University of Manchester ManchesterM1 3BB United Kingdom Departments of Electrical Engineering and Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Alan Turing Institute London United Kingdom

Generating virtual organ populations that capture sufficient variability while remaining plausible is essential to conduct in-silico trials of medical devices. However, not all anatomical shapes of interest are always available for each individual in a population. The imaging examinations and modalities used can vary between subjects depending on their individualised clinical pathways. Different imaging modalities may have various fields of view, are sensitive to signals from other tissues/organs, or both. Hence, missing/partially overlapping anatomical information is often available across individuals. We introduce a generative shape model for multipart anatomical structures, learnable from sets of unpaired datasets, i.e., where each substructure in the shape assembly comes from datasets with missing or partially overlapping substructures from disjoint subjects of the same population. The proposed generative model can synthesise complete multipart shape assemblies coined virtual chimaeras. We applied this framework to build virtual chimaeras from databases of whole heart shape assemblies that each contribute samples for heart substructures. Specifically, we propose a graph neural network-based generative shape compositional framework which comprises two components, a part-aware generative shape model which captures the variability in shape observed for each structure of interest in the training population, and a spatial composition network which assembles/composes the structures synthesised by the former into multipart shape assemblies (viz. virtual chimaeras). We also propose a novel self-supervised learning scheme that enables the spatial composition network to be trained with partially overlapping data and weak labels. We trained and validated our approach using shapes of cardiac structures derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images in the UK Biobank. When trained with complete and partially overlapping data, our approach significantly outperforms a PCA-base

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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Maintaining a Resonance Condition of an RF Spin Rotator Through a Feedback Loop in a Storage Ring

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hejny, V. Andres, A. Pretz, J. Abusaif, F. Aggarwal, A. Aksentev, A. Alberdi, B. Barion, L. Bekman, I. Beyß, M. Böhme, C. Breitkreutz, B. Canale, N. Ciullo, G. Dymov, S. Fröhlich, N.-O. Gebel, R. Gaisser, M. Grigoryev, K. Grzonka, D. Hetzel, J. Javakhishvili, O. Kacharava, A. Kamerdzhiev, V. Karanth, S. Keshelashvili, I. Kononov, A. Laihem, K. Lehrach, A. Lenisa, P. Lomidze, N. Lorentz, B. Macharashvili, G. Magiera, A. McHedlishvili, D. Melnikov, A. Müller, F. Nass, A. Nikolaev, N.N. Okropiridze, D. Pesce, A. Piccoli, A. Poncza, V. Prasuhn, D. Rathmann, F. Saleev, A. Shergelashvili, D. Shmakova, V. Shankar, R. Shurkhno, N. Siddique, S. Silenko, A. Slim, J. Soltner, H. Stassen, R. Stephenson, E.J. Ströher, H. Tabidze, M. Tagliente, G. Valdau, Y. Vitz, M. Wagner, T. Wirzba, A. Wrońska, A. Wüstner, P. Żurek, M. Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52425 Germany III. Physikalisches Institut B RWTH Aachen University Aachen52056 Germany Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Jagiellonian University Cracow30348 Poland Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow117312 Russia University of Ferrara Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Ferrara44100 Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Agricultural University of Georgia Tbilisi0159 Georgia High Energy Physics Institute Tbilisi State University Tbilisi0186 Georgia GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt64291 Germany L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics Chernogolovka142432 Russia Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980 Russia Institute of Technology and Engineering Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52425 Germany Indiana University Department of Physics BloomingtonIN47405 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sez. Bari Bari70125 Italy Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52425 Germany

This paper presents the successful application of a phase-lock feedback system to maintain the resonance condition of a radio frequency (rf) spin rotator (specifically, an rf Wien filter) with respect to a 120 kHz spin precession in the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) storage ring. Real-time monitoring of the spin precession and the rf Wien filter signal allows the relative phase between the two to be stabilized at an arbitrary setpoint. The feedback system compensates for deviations in the relative phase by adjusting the frequency and/or phase as needed. With this method, a variation in phase relative to the demand phase with a standard deviation of σ∆φ ≈ 0.2 rad could be achieved. The system was implemented in two runs aiming at a first direct measurement of the deuteron electric dipole moment in 2018 and 2021. In addition, the difference between a single-bunch beam affected by the spin rotator and a two-bunch system in which only one bunch is exposed to the spin rotator fields is discussed. Both methods have been used during these beam times. The ability to keep the spin precession and the rf fields synchronized is also crucial for future investigations of electric dipole moments of charged particles using storage rings. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric dipole moments

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Patient-specific computational fluid hemodynamics in the ascending aorta before and after thoracic endovascular repair

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 194卷 110493页

作者： Ruggeri, Alessandro Magliocco, Marco Pane, Bianca Canepa, Marco Seitun, Sara Pratesi, Giovanni Menna, Costantino Morganti, Simone Spinella, Giovanni Conti, Michele Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Pavia Pavia Italy Department of Surgical and Integrated Diagnostic Sciences University of Genoa Italy Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy Cardiovascular Disease Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-Italian IRCCS Cardiology Network Genoa Italy IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Department of Radiology Genoa Italy 3D and Computer Simulation Laboratory IRCCS Policlinico San Donato San Donato Milanese Milan Italy Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture University of Naples Naples Italy IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit Genoa Italy

Objective: To study hemodynamic variations due to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Design & methods: Five patients were prospectively included in the study. For each patient, we collected cardio-computed tomography angiography scans, electrocardiogram measurements, and additional clinical data, including heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and blood volumes, both before and after surgery. Such information was used to create patient-specific digital twin models. We conducted CFD simulations by integrating both geometric and clinical parameters of digital twins. Our analysis focused on bulk flow, velocity streamlines, flow distribution, and areas exposed to atherogenic stimuli. We calculated the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time (RRT) to assess the conditions before and after TEVAR. Additionally, we measured the geometric parameters of the ascending aorta (length, diameter, and tortuosity) both before and after TEVAR. Results: Mean age of the patients was 71 years;average time between follow-up appointments was 448 days. Three patients were women and two were men. Small geometric changes appear to occur in the aortic root and ascending aorta following stent insertion. Areas with low TAWSS tend to decrease overall, with a mean reduction of 23.55 % (±22.40);a more pronounced decrease of 29.16 % (±26.51) was observed in the endograft implantation area. The variation trends in areas with high OSI show a considerable level of interpatient variability, but generally tend to increase within the endograft, with an average increase of 5.23 % (±4.30). There is an average reduction of 32.62 % (±15.97) in the mean RRT value for each patient after TEVAR. Systolic flow patterns do not vary significantly. Coronary perfusion levels remain within the ranges reported in the literature. Coronary flow increases in three out of five patients. Conclusion: No s

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Light irradiation induced brittle-to-ductile and ductile-to-brittle transition in inorganic semiconductors

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Physical Review B 2019年第16期99卷 161202(R)-161202(R)页

作者： Hongwei Wang Sergey I. Morozov William A. Goddard, III Qi An Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada-Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA Department of Computer Simulation and Nanotechnology South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia Materials and Process Simulation Center California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA

The intrinsic brittleness of inorganic semiconductors prevents them from extended engineering applications under extreme conditions of high temperature and pressure, making it essential to improve their ductility. Here, we applied the constrained density functional theory to examine the relationship between plastic deformation and photonic excitation in sphalerite ZnS and related II-IV semiconductors. We find that ZnS transforms from a dislocation dominated deformation mode in the ground state to a twin dominated deformation mode with bandgap electronic excitations, leading to brittle failure under light illumination. This agrees very well with recent mechanical experiments on single crystal ZnS. More interesting, we predict that the ZnTe and CdTe display the opposite mechanical behavior compared to ZnS, exhibiting ductility close to metallic level with bandgap illumination, but typical brittle failure in the dark state. Our results provide a general approach to design more shapeable and tougher semiconductor devices by controlling exposure to electronic excitation.

关键词： Dielectric properties Ductility Mechanical deformation Photoinduced effect Plastic deformation Inorganic compounds Semiconductors

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Analysis of Harmonic and Interharmonic Components by Using an Improved Recursive Algorithm

Analysis of Harmonic and Interharmonic Components by Using a...

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2019 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT Latin America 2019

作者： Alvarez Ferreira, Liz R. Beuter, Carlos H. Hoffmann, Alessandra B. G. Pessoa, André L. S. Oleskovicz, Mário Itaipu Technological Park PTI Automation and Simulation of Electrical Systems Laboratory Lasse Foz do Iguaçu PR Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EESC University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538695678

Spectral leakage is a phenomenon that is considered a problem and occurs when Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used as a tool to identify harmonic components in a frequency spectrum of electric signals, which contains asynchronous sampling or interharmonic components. It may cause errors in presented results that may affect signal analysis. Therefore, application of a technique or combination of techniques is necessary, in order to better characterize harmonic and interharmonic components and enable extraction of their representative factors. In this context, this research aims at estimating frequencies and amplitudes interharmonic present in a signal. This paper proposes a new approach method, based on Group-harmonic Power Minimizing (GPM) and Recursive Group-harmonic Power Minimizing (RGPM) algorithms. The new proposal establishes an identification threshold and is more accurate when compared to the IEC 61000-4-7 standard, recommended for this kind of problem as it detects not only the 5 Hz minimal spectral resolution, but also frequency components of intermediate location with noise. Results indicate a satisfactory characterization of predominant interharmonic components, with low deviation level, both in range and in associated frequency. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms

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Diagnosis of Oscillatory Transients Generated by Switching of Capacitor Banks using MPA

Diagnosis of Oscillatory Transients Generated by Switching o...

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2019 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT Latin America 2019

作者： Hoffmann, Alessandra B. G. Beuter, Carlos H. Pessoa, André L. S. Oleskovicz, Mario Alvarez Ferreira, Liz R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EESC University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil Itaipu Technological Park PTI Automation and Simulation of Electrical Systems Laboratory Lasse Foz do Iguaçu PR Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538695678

An Oscillatory Transient (OT) can occur in any part of an Electric Power System (EPS), and its basic characteristics are short duration and considerable variances of the amplitude of the voltage and frequencies involved. Focusing on a medium voltage distribution system, one of the main causes of the OT is the capacitor bank switching, which should be differentiated from other situations that may occur. In this research, we present the diagnostic (identification and extraction of characteristics) of OTs generated by the switching of capacitor banks by applying the Matching Pursuit Algorithm (MPA), that is based on a structured data dictionary. The Golden Search (GS) was used to find the characteristic parameters of the OT. The adopted methodology provided a sensible improvement in the search of the parameters, where the number of iterations was reduced and the estimations were stable. Sensitivity tests of the obtained parameters indicated their relevance for the data dictionary that was used. Based on this approach, it was possible to identify the amplitude (instantaneous value) of the OT as well as its duration. The use of the MPA enables researches with diverse signals, where the concern may be linked to the need to identify the origin of the OT observed on a particular EPS. This analysis, for example, can support areas related to power quality and also protection of electrical power systems. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power system protection

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Quantum simulation for High-Energy Physics

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PRX Quantum 2023年第2期4卷 027001-027001页

作者： Christian W. Bauer Zohreh Davoudi A. Baha Balantekin Tanmoy Bhattacharya Marcela Carena Wibe A. de Jong Patrick Draper Aida El-Khadra Nate Gemelke Masanori Hanada Dmitri Kharzeev Henry Lamm Ying-Ying Li Junyu Liu Mikhail Lukin Yannick Meurice Christopher Monroe Benjamin Nachman Guido Pagano John Preskill Enrico Rinaldi Alessandro Roggero David I. Santiago Martin J. Savage Irfan Siddiqi George Siopsis David Van Zanten Nathan Wiebe Yukari Yamauchi Kübra Yeter-Aydeniz Silvia Zorzetti Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics and the NSF Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA T-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia Illinois 60510 USA Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics and Illinois Center for the Advanced Study of the Universe and Illinois Quantum Information Science and Technology Center University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA QuEra Computing Inc Boston Massachusetts 02135 USA Department of Mathematics University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom Center for Nuclear Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University New York 11794-3800 USA Department of Physics Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei Anhui 230026 China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering Chicago Quantum Exchange and Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics University of Chicago Illinois 60637 USA qBraid Co. Harper Court 5235 Chicago Illinois 60615 USA Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa 52242 USA Duke Quantum Center Duke University Durham North Carolina 27701 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Physics Duke University

It is for the first time that quantum simulation for high-energy physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in quantum information sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This Roadmap is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.

关键词： Quantum simulation

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FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

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Experimental demonstration of an electrically tunable broadband coherent perfect absorber based on a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure

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Photonics Research 2019年第8期7卷 868-874页

作者： JIN ZHANG XINGZHAN WEI MALIN PREMARATNE WEIREN ZHU Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory(AχL) Department of Electrical and Computer Systems EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the operation of an electrically tunable, broadband coherent perfect absorption(CPA) at microwave frequencies by harnessing the CPA features of a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure(GSS). Using both a simplified lumped circuit model and full-wave numerical simulation, it is found that the microwave coherent absorptivity of the GSS can be tuned dynamically from nearly 50% to 100% by changing the Fermi level of the graphene. Strikingly, our simplified lumped circuit model agrees very well with the full-wave numerical model, offering valuable insight into the CPA operation of the device. The angle dependency of coherent absorption in the GSS is further investigated, making suggestions for achieving CPA at wide angles up to 80°. To show the validity and accuracy of our theory and numerical simulations, a GSS prototype is fabricated and measured in a C-band waveguide system. The reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results confirms that the tunable coherent absorption in GSS can be electrically controlled by changing the Fermi level of the graphene.

关键词： GSS electrolyte Experimental demonstration

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