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Sanitation approach toward resource recovery in rural and semi-urban centers: Insight from South South Nigeria

Environmental Quality Management 2018年第1期28卷 13-19页

作者： Odey, Emmanuel Alepu Li, Zifu Giwa, Abdulmoseen Segun Etokidem, Esther Uduak School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China State key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electronics and Computer Technology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Recent sanitation situations in Nigeria present public health problems, especially in rural and semi-urban centers. Local and national government bodies in the country have defined policies to provide adequate sanitation for the populations under their control as stated in relevant decrees and policies. However, those who work as health providers in Nigeria regard conditions in many parts of the country as unhygienic and unhealthy due to a lack of adequate sanitation and because the sanitation facilities that are in place are often ineffective. Interviews with householders in rural and semi-urban centers showed that more than 72% of the people in rural communities lack access to adequate sanitation and toilet systems, especially in public institutions. While in semi-urban centers about 91% of the residents use septic tanks without treatment facility, the remaining 8% use toilet systems such as community toilets, wet pit latrines, and open defecation. Both rural and semi-urban centers do not use urine-diverting dry toilets or septic tanks with treatment facilities. Given the present sanitation situation, this study proposes a modern toilet system in rural communities that will enhance the recovery of biogas and nutrients as fertilizer for soil amendment through appropriate implementation, use, and maintenance. The results could be useful as a support for decisions on policies and strategies for adequate and improved sanitation facilities in rural and semi-urban centers in South South Nigeria. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： biogas fecal sludge rural centers sanitation semi-urban centers soil amendment South South Nigeria

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Li, An, and Morozov Reply:

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Physical Review Letters 2019年第11期123卷 119602-119602页

作者： Guodong Li Qi An Sergey I. Morozov Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics School of Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA Department of Computer Simulation and Nanotechnology South Ural State University Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia

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Leveraging Dependency in Scheduling and Preemption for High Throughput in Data-Parallel Clusters

Leveraging Dependency in Scheduling and Preemption for High ...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Jinwei Liu Haiying Shen Ankur Sarker Wingyan Chung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Institute for Simulation and Training University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA

Task scheduling and preemption are two important functions in data-parallel clusters. Though directed acyclic graph task dependencies are common in data-parallel clusters, previous task scheduling and preemption methods do not fully utilize such task dependency to increase throughput since they simply schedule precedent tasks prior to their dependent tasks or neglect the dependency. We notice that in both scheduling and preemption, choosing a task with more dependent tasks to run allows more tasks to be runnable next, which facilitates to select a task that can more increase throughput. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a Dependency-aware Scheduling and Preemption system (DSP) to achieve high throughput. First, we build an integer linear programming model to minimize the makespan (i.e., the time when all jobs finish execution) with the consideration of task dependency and deadline, and derive the target server and start time for each task, which can minimize the makespan. Second, we utilize task dependency to determine tasks' priorities for preemption. Finally, we propose a method to reduce the number of unnecessary preemptions that cause more overhead than the throughput gain. Extensive experimental results based on a real cluster and Amazon EC2 cloud service show that DSP achieves much higher throughput compared to existing strategies.

关键词： Task analysis Throughput Scheduling Processor scheduling Schedules Servers Switches

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First detection of collective oscillations of a stored deuteron beam with an amplitude close to the quantum limit

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Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 2021年第12期24卷 124601-124601页

作者： J. Slim N. N. Nikolaev F. Rathmann A. Wirzba A. Nass V. Hejny J. Pretz H. Soltner F. Abusaif A. Aggarwal A. Aksentev A. Andres L. Barion G. Ciullo S. Dymov R. Gebel M. Gaisser K. Grigoryev D. Grzonka O. Javakhishvili A. Kacharava V. Kamerdzhiev S. Karanth I. Keshelashvili A. Lehrach P. Lenisa N. Lomidze B. Lorentz A. Magiera D. Mchedlishvili F. Müller A. Pesce V. Poncza D. Prasuhn A. Saleev V. Shmakova H. Ströher M. Tabidze G. Tagliente Y. Valdau T. Wagner C. Weidemann A. Wrońska M. Żurek III. Physikalisches Institut B RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen Germany L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics 142432 Chernogolovka Russia Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology 141700 Dolgoprudny Russia Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Zentralinstitut für Engineering Elektronik und Analytik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Jagiellonian University 30348 Cracow Poland Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Sciences 117312 Moscow Russia University of Ferrara and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 44100 Ferrara Italy Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Russia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Agricultural University of Georgia 0159 Tbilisi Georgia High Energy Physics Institute Tbilisi State University 0186 Tbilisi Georgia GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung 64291 Darmstadt Germany Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sez. Bari 70125 Bari Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA

We investigated coherent betatron oscillations of a deuteron beam in the storage ring cooler synchrotron and storage ring, excited by a detuned rf Wien filter (WF). The beam oscillations were detected by conventional beam position monitors. With the currently available apparatus, we show that oscillation amplitudes down to 1 μm can be detected. The interpretation of the response of the stored beam to the detuned rf WF is based on simulations of the beam evolution in the lattice of the ring and realistic time-dependent 3D field maps of the WF. Future measurements of the electric dipole moment of protons will, however, require control of the relative position of counter-propagating beams in the sub-picometer range. Since here the stored beam can be considered as a rarefied gas of uncorrelated particles, we moreover demonstrate that the amplitudes of the zero-point (ground state) betatron oscillations of individual particles are only a factor of about 10 larger than the Heisenberg uncertainty limit. As a consequence of this, we conclude that quantum mechanics does not preclude the control of the beam centroids to sub-picometer accuracy. The smallest Lorentz force exerted on a single particle that we have been able to determine is 10 aN.

关键词： Beam diagnostics Beam tracking Electric moment Radio frequency calculations CP symmetry Accelerators & storage rings Monte Carlo methods Precision measurements

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Body Motion Control via Brain Signal Response

Body Motion Control via Brain Signal Response

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IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical engineering and Sciences (IECBES)

作者： Rosnee Ahad K.A.A. Rahman N. Fuad M.K.I. Ahmad Mohamad Zaid Mustaffa Department of Vocational Education Modeling and Simulation Research Laboratory Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia Department of Computer Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538624722;9781538624715

Brain-computer-Interface (BCI) can be used for many purposes in many areas, especially in the field of robotic and rehabilitation. But nowadays only single BCI applications have been applied and this has given a lot of limitations to this technology. So one of the step to optimize the BCI's capabilities, it should be used together with other up-to-date technologies. One of the most widely used and update technologies in the rehabilitation and robotic is the functional electrical stimulation (FES). This combination of BCI and FES can provide many benefits such as in rehabilitation applied in stroke rehabilitation and mental depression treatment while for robotic will give benefit in robot control. This study present a simulation and control technique for body motion via this combination. This combination will bring better handling in control some devices. Emotiv Insight will be used as a brainwave data capture. The eye blinking activity of the subject was detected using the Emotiv device and then be translated to control the device in simulation environment. The system reliably enabled subjects to control the body motion through their brain.

关键词： Brain modeling Matlab Robots Biological system modeling Electroencephalography Software Computational modeling

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Spatially resolved steady-state negative capacitance (vol 565, pg 468, 2019)

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NATURE 2019年第7753期568卷 E13-E13页

作者： Yadav, Ajay K. Nguyen, Kayla X. Hong, Zijian Garcia-Fernandez, Pablo Aguado-Puente, Pablo Nelson, Christopher T. Das, Sujit Prasad, Bhagwati Kwon, Daewoong Cheema, Suraj Khan, Asif I. Hu, Chenming Iniguez, Jorge Junquera, Javier Chen, Long-Qing Muller, David A. Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Salahuddin, Sayeef Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University State College USA Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad de Cantabria Cantabria Campus Internacional Santander Spain Atomistic Simulation Centre Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Esch/Alzette Luxembourg School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University Ithaca USA

In this Letter, the first name of author Bhagwati Prasad was misspelled Bhagawati. This error has been corrected online.

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Multi-element siac filter for shock capturing applied to high-order discontinuous galerkin spectral element methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Bohm, Marvin Schermeng, Sven Winters, Andrew R. Gassner, Gregor J. Jacobs, Gustaaf B. Mathematical Institute University of Cologne Weyertal 86-90 Cologne50931 Germany Department of Mathematics Computational Mathematics Linköping University LinköpingSE-581 83 Sweden Department for Mathematics and Computer Science Center for Data and Simulation Science University of Cologne Weyertal 86-90 Cologne50931 Germany Department of Aerospace Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San DiegoCA92182 United States

We build a multi-element variant of the smoothness increasing accuracy conserving (SIAC) shock capturing technique proposed for single element spectral methods by Wissink et al. [37]. In particular, the baseline scheme of our method is the nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM) for approximating the solution of systems of conservation laws. It is well known that high-order methods generate spurious oscillations near discontinuities which can develop in the solution for nonlinear problems, even when the initial data is smooth. We propose a novel multi-element SIAC filtering technique applied to the DGSEM as a shock capturing method. We design the SIAC filtering such that the numerical scheme remains high-order accurate and that the shock capturing is applied adaptively throughout the domain. The shock capturing method is derived for general systems of conservation laws. We apply the novel SIAC filter to the two-dimensional Euler and ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations to several standard test problems with a variety of boundary conditions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galerkin methods

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An invisible DWT watermarking algorithm using noise removal with application to dermoscopic images

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1730卷

作者： S Moldovanu F A (Damian) Michis L Moraru Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Faculty of Automation Computers Sciences Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2 Stiintei Street RO-800210 Galati Romania Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Modelling & Simulation Laboratory Galati Romania Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Faculty of Science and Environment 111 Domneasca Street RO-800201 Galati Romania Department of Chemistry Physics and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Environment Dunarea de Jos University of Galati 47 Domneasca Street 800008 Galati Romania

A new approach for the digital watermarking process is proposed to be part of the pre-processing stage of a computer-aided diagnosis system. We propose to embed a denoised image acting as the watermark image in the original host image with the final goal of improving the quality of demoscopic images for further image processing operation related to CAD. The proposed algorithm uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) corroborated with some basic properties of Human Visual System such as Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF) and Noise Visibility Function (NVF) with the goal of correlating the texture properties and noise. This approach hides the watermark (i.e. denoised version of the host image) in high-pass subbands that are focused on image features. The main concern is to evaluate the distortion produced to the host image by watermarking and an objective quality measure function, i.e. Weighted Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (WPSNR), is used to evaluate the existing differences between the original and watermarked images. The proposed approach is tested using the available skin lesion images from the digital image archive of the department of Dermatology of the University Medical Center Groningen. The experiment results show the improved performance of the proposed scheme against a 3 × 3 median filtering attack in comparison with the a 5 × 5 median filtering attack.

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arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Jiashuo Zhou, Sili Wei, Wendong Qi, Jianchuan Li, Yumeng Chen, Bin Zhang, Ning Guan, Dabo Qian, Haoqi Wu, Xiaohui Miao, Jiawen Chen, Long Liang, Sai Feng, Kuishuang Institute of Blue and Green Development Shandong University Weihai264209 State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Laboratory of Anthropogenic Systems Ecology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing100871 China Institute for Global Public Policy Fudan University Shanghai200433 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of Education School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai200241 China

China has implemented retrofitting measures in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to reduce air pollution through small unit shutdown (SUS), the installation of air pollution control devices (APCDs) and power generation efficiency (PGE) improvement. The reductions in highly toxic Hg emissions and their related health impacts by these measures have not been well studied. To refine mitigation options, we evaluated the health benefits of reduced Hg emissions via retrofitting measures during China's 12th Five-Year Plan by combining plant-level Hg emission inventories with the China Hg Risk Source-Tracking Model. We found that the measures reduced Hg emissions by 23.5 tons (approximately 1/5 of that from CFPPs in 2010), preventing 0.0021 points of per-foetus intelligence quotient (IQ) decrements and 114 deaths from fatal heart attacks. These benefits were dominated by CFPP shutdowns and APCD installations. Provincial health benefits were largely attributable to Hg reductions in other regions. We also demonstrated the necessity of considering human health impacts, rather than just Hg emission reductions, in selecting Hg control devices. This study also suggests that Hg control strategies should consider various factors, such as CFPP locations, population densities and trade-offs between reductions of total Hg (THg) and Hg2+. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fossil fuel power plants

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A Unified Approach to Construct Generalized B-Splines for Isogeometric Applications

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2017年第4期30卷 983-998页

作者： XU Gang SUN Ningning XU Jinlan HUI Kin-Chuen WANG Guozhao Department of Computer Science Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation Ministry of EducationHangzhou 310018China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Abstract Generalized B-splines have been employed as geometric modeling and numerical simu- lation tools for isogeometric analysis （IGA for short）. However, the previous models used in IGA, such as trigonometric generalized B-splines or hyperbolic generalized B-splines, are not the unified mathematical representation of conics and polynomial parametric curves/surfaces. In this paper, a unified approach to construct the generalized non-uniform B-splines over the space spanned by {α（t）,β（t）,ξ（t）, η（t）, 1, t,……. , tn-4} is proposed, and the corresponding isogeometric analysis framework for PDE solving is also studied. Compared with the NURBS-IGA method, the proposed frameworks have several advantages such as high accuracy, easy-to-compute derivatives and integrals due to the non-rational form. Furthermore, with the proposed spline models, isogeometric analysis can be performed on the computational domain bounded by transcendental curves/surfaces, such as the involute of circle, the helix/helicoid, the catenary/catenoid and the cycloid. Several numerical examples for isogeometrie heat conduction problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Generalized B-splines heat conduction isogeometric analysis unified construction.

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