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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Nikhil V. Navkar Erol Yeniaras Dipan J. Shah Nikolaos V. Tsekos Zhigang Deng Medical Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston Houston TX USA Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center Methodist Hospital Houston TX USA Computer Graphics and Interactive Media Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston Houston TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441273

Transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) has emerged as a prominent approach for treating aortic stenosis. Success of such implants depends upon the accurate assessment of the geometric features such as the diameter, center and orientation of the aortic valve annulus (AVA). In this paper, we present a method for extracting these geometric features from magnetic resonance images (MRI). The method is based on finding an optimal fit for a circular ring mimicking AVA in the aortic root. Moreover, the presented approach provides dynamic tracking of the AVA in CINE MR images. This approach can be used for preoperative planning of prosthetic valve implantation, as well as for the emerging MRI guided manual, or with robot-assisted, annuloplasty.

关键词： Valves Magnetic resonance imaging Robots Heart Tracking Prosthetics

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Rational discrete generalized cylinders and their application to shape recovery in medical images

Rational discrete generalized cylinders and their applicatio...

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： J.P. Williams J.K. Johnstone L.B. Wolff Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Graphics and A.I. Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Alabama Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

Generalized cylinders (GCs) are a popular representational tool in computer vision. In medical imaging, the curved axis GC is particularly applicable to a number of elongated physical structures such as vasculature, bone and bronchi. In many of these instances, it is necessary to recover curved-axis GCs with arbitrary cross-sections. It is also vital that these structures, once recovered, can be analyzed and visualized with off-the-shelf algorithms and software packages. Such tools are usually designed to operate on the domain of polynomial or rational surfaces. Unfortunately most extant, suitably versatile GC representations do not admit rational parameterizations. We develop an entirely rational B-spline representation for generalized cylinders with curved axes and arbitrary cross-section functions. We demonstrate how our representation can be used as a deformable model by extracting a rational GC from pre-segmented spinal data using a discrete dynamic surface fit.

关键词： Application software computer vision Biomedical imaging Bones Respiratory system Algorithm design and analysis Visualization Software algorithms Software packages Polynomials

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Magnetic Resonance Based Control of a Robotic Manipulator for Interventions in the Beating Heart

Magnetic Resonance Based Control of a Robotic Manipulator fo...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation(2011年IEEE世界机器人与自动化大会 ICRA 2011)

作者： Nikolaos V. Tsekos Johann Lamaury Erol Yeniaras Zhigang Deng Nikhil V. Navkar Dipan J. Shah Karen Chin Medical Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science at University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204 Computer Graphics and Interactive Media Lab. Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of HoustonHo Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center HoustonTX 77030 USA

As a part of an ongoing project, in this paper we introduce the first version of a system which has a novel methodology for Cine (as in cinema) MRI based control of a cardiac robot for beating heart surgeries. The system uses the preoperative planning approach that we developed earlier, and integrates it to the intraoperative algorithms for controlling a robot and tracking some specific landmarks of a highly dynamical surgical field. In particular, our late studies presented herein aim to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating appropriate computational tools to achieve the volumetric image guidance for minimally invasive surgeries in the beating heart. We conceive of the system as practicable for in vitro experiments upon the completion of the first physical prototype, which may pave the way for expansion of the approach for other complex surgeries as well.

关键词： Heart Magnetic resonance imaging Manipulators Surgery Robot kinematics Valves

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An incremental turn-taking model for task-oriented dialog systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Coman, Andrei C. Yoshino, Koichiro Murase, Yukitoshi Nakamura, Satoshi Riccardi, Giuseppe Signals and Interactive Systems Lab Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Italy Augmented Human Communication Laboratory Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Japan

In a human-machine dialog scenario, deciding the appropriate time for the machine to take the turn is an open research problem. In contrast, humans engaged in conversations are able to timely decide when to interrupt the speaker for competitive or non-competitive reasons. In state-of-the-art turn-by-turn dialog systems the decision on the next dialog action is taken at the end of the utterance. In this paper, we propose a token-by-token prediction of the dialog state from incremental transcriptions of the user utterance. To identify the point of maximal understanding in an ongoing utterance, we a) implement an incremental Dialog State Tracker which is updated on a token basis (iDST) b) re-label the Dialog State Tracking Challenge 2 (DSTC2) dataset and c) adapt it to the incremental turn-taking experimental scenario. The re-labeling consists of assigning a binary value to each token in the user utterance that allows to identify the appropriate point for taking the turn. Finally, we implement an incremental Turn Taking Decider (iTTD) that is trained on these new labels for the turn-taking decision. We show that the proposed model can achieve a better performance compared to a deterministic handcrafted turn-taking algorithm. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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An extended probabilistic collaborative representation based classifier for image classification

An extended probabilistic collaborative representation based...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Rushi Lan Yicong Zhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Computer Image and Graphics Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Macau China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509060689

Collaborative representation based classifier (CRC) and its probabilistic improvement ProCRC have achieved satisfactory performance in many image classification applications. They, however, do not comprehensively take account of the structure characteristics of the training samples. In this paper, we present an extended probabilistic collaborative representation based classifier (EProCRC) for image classification. Compared with CRC and ProCRC, the proposed EProCRC further considers a prior information that describes the distribution of each class in the training data. This prior information enlarges the margin between different classes to enhance the discriminative capacity of EProCRC. Experiments on two challenging databases, namely CUB200-2011 and Caltech-256, are conducted to evaluate EProCRC, and comparison results demonstrate that it outperforms several state-of-the-art classifiers.

关键词： Training Collaboration Probabilistic logic Training data Feature extraction Databases Robustness

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The Evolving User-Centered Design of the Algorithm Visualization Storyboarder

The Evolving User-Centered Design of the Algorithm Visualiza...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： C. Hundhausen J. Wingstrom R. Vatrapu College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies Information and Computer Sciences Department University of Hawai Honolulu HI USA

The Algorithm Visualization Storyboarder (ALVIS) enables beginning and intermediate computer science students both to construct "low fidelity" (rough, unpolished) visualizations of the algorithms under study, and to present those visualizations to their peers and instructor for feedback and discussion. The original ALVIS software was a frail research prototype. We are using an iterative, user-centered design process to develop a public domain version of the software suitable for use in a "studio-based" computer science course. Through a series of empirical studies of both low and high fidelity prototypes of ALVIS, we have reevaluated the original design of ALVIS, and are presently in the process of making three key design changes: (a) the underlying scripting language is being redesigned for simplicity and ease of learning; (b) the interface for creating and placing graphical variables and spatial structures is being simplified and streamlined for ease of use; and (c) new features are being added that explicitly support storytelling

关键词： User centered design Visualization computer science Software prototyping Prototypes Space exploration Algorithm design and analysis Software algorithms Educational institutions Laboratories

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Efficient state estimation and Byzantine behavior identification in Tactical MANETs

Efficient state estimation and Byzantine behavior identifica...

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MILCOM, Military Communications Conference

作者： Peter Ebinger Stephen D. Wolthusen Interactive Graphics Systems Group Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Security Technology Department Fraunhofer Institute of Computer Graphics Research (IGD) Darmstadt Germany Information Security Group Royal Holloway University of London Egham Surrey UK Norwegian Information Security Laboratory Gjovik University College GjOvik Norway

Limited capabilities and mission requirements imply that nodes in tactical mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) carry a significant risk of being compromised physically or logically. In addition nodes or groups of nodes may defect, which is a particular concern in coalition environments where networks may spread beyond organizational boundaries. To identify defecting or compromised nodes including Byzantine behavior we propose a clustered intrusion detection architecture. Our architecture exploits multisensor data and supplementary information to identify defectors based on deviations from predicted values and correlated measurements and behavior. Furthermore multi-hop communication complexity is minimized to ensure robustness in environments with limited connectivity and frequent network partitioning. We show that our approach improves accuracy over naive Markov chain and Kullback-Leibler divergence by boosting the number of particles, where probability density functions are highly nonlinear but partially known and can be determined using predictive importance sampling.

关键词： State estimation Intrusion detection information security computer graphics Spread spectrum communication Complexity theory Robustness Probability density function Protocols Particle filters

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Graph-based parallel large scale structure from motion

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chen, Yu Shen, Shuhan Chen, Yisong Wang, Guoping Graphics and Interactive Lab Department of Computer Science and Technology School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Peking University National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

While Structure from Motion (SfM) achieves great success in 3D reconstruction, it still meets challenges on large scale scenes. In this work, large scale SfM is deemed as a graph problem, and we tackle it in a divide-and-conquer manner. Firstly, the images clustering algorithm divides images into clusters with strong connectivity, leading to robust local reconstructions. Then followed with an image expansion step, the connection and completeness of scenes are enhanced by expanding along with a maximum spanning tree. After local reconstructions, we construct a minimum spanning tree (MST) to find accurate similarity transformations. Then the MST is transformed into a Minimum Height Tree (MHT) to find a proper anchor node and is further utilized to prevent error accumulation. When evaluated on different kinds of datasets, our approach shows superiority over the state-of-the-art in accuracy and efficiency. Our algorithm is open-sourced in https://***/AIBluefisher/GraphSfM. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Geometric spanners for routing in mobile networks

Geometric spanners for routing in mobile networks

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作者： Gao, Jie Guibas, Leonidas J. Hershberger, John Zhang, Li Zhu, An Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 United States Ctr. for the Math. of Information California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 United States Mentor Graphics Corporation Wilsonville OR 97070 United States Compaq Systems Research Center Palo Alto CA Information Dynamics Laboratory Hewlett Packard Laboratories Palo Alto CA 94304 United States

We propose a new routing graph, the restricted Delaunay graph (RDG), for mobile ad hoc networks. Combined with a node clustering algorithm, the RDG can be used as an underlying graph for geographic routing protocols. This graph has the following attractive properties: 1) it is planar;2) between any two graph nodes there exists a path whose length, whether measured in terms of topological or Euclidean distance, is only a constant times the minimum length possible;and 3) the graph can be maintained efficiently in a distributed manner when the nodes move around. Furthermore, each node only needs constant time to make routing decisions. We show by simulation that the RDG outperforms previously proposed routing graphs in the context of the Greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol. Finally, we investigate theoretical bounds on the quality of paths discovered using GPSR.

关键词： Telecommunication networks

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Advances in Visual Computing 1

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丛书名： Lecture Notes in computer science

1000年

作者： George Bebis Richard Boyle Bahram Parvin Darko Koracin Ryan McMahan Jason Jerald Hui Zhang Steven M. Drucker Chandra Kambhamettu Maha Choubassi Zhigang Deng Mark Carlson

ISBN: (数字)9783319142494

ISBN: (纸本)9783319142487

The two volume set LNCS 8887 and 8888 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2014, held in Las Vegas, NV, USA. The 74 revised full papers and 55 poster papers presented together with 39 special track papers were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 280 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections: Part I (LNCS 8887) comprises computational bioimaging, computer graphics; motion, tracking, feature extraction and matching, segmentation, visualization, mapping, modeling and surface reconstruction, unmanned autonomous systems, medical imaging, tracking for human activity monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, visual perception and robotic systems. Part II (LNCS 8888) comprises topics such as computational bioimaging , recognition, computer vision, applications, face processing and recognition, virtual reality, and the poster sessions.

关键词： Pattern Recognition computer graphics Image Processing and computer Vision User Interfaces and Human computer Interaction information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) Computational Biology/Bioinformatics

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