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Intrusion Detection Based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory with Attention Mechanism

computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 801-815页

作者： Yongjie Yang Shanshan Tu Raja Hashim Ali Hisham Alasmary Muhammad Waqas Muhammad Nouman Amjad Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23460Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Information Security and Cybersecurity Unit King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32038Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup PerthWA6027Australia School of Engineering University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan

With the recent developments in the Internet of Things(IoT),the amount of data collected has expanded tremendously,resulting in a higher demand for data storage,computational capacity,and real-time processing *** computing has traditionally played an important role in establishing ***,fog computing has recently emerged as a new field complementing cloud computing due to its enhanced mobility,location awareness,heterogeneity,scalability,low latency,and geographic ***,IoT networks are vulnerable to unwanted assaults because of their open and shared *** a result,various fog computing-based security models that protect IoT networks have been developed.A distributed architecture based on an intrusion detection system(IDS)ensures that a dynamic,scalable IoT environment with the ability to disperse centralized tasks to local fog nodes and which successfully detects advanced malicious threats is *** this study,we examined the time-related aspects of network traffic *** presented an intrusion detection model based on a twolayered bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)with an attention mechanism for traffic data classification verified on the UNSW-NB15 benchmark *** showed that the suggested model outperformed numerous leading-edge Network IDS that used machine learning models in terms of accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score.

关键词： Fog computing intrusion detection bi-LSTM attention mechanism

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Robust Counting in Overcrowded Scenes Using Batch-Free Normalized Deep ConvNet

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第9期46卷 2741-2754页

作者： Sana Zahir Rafi Ullah Khan Mohib Ullah Muhammad Ishaq Naqqash Dilshad Amin Ullah Mi Young Lee Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology(ICS/IT) The University of AgriculturePeshawar25130Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Collaborative Robotics and Intelligent Systems(CoRIS)Institute Oregon State UniversityORUSA Department of Software Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

The analysis of overcrowded areas is essential for flow monitoring,assembly control,and *** counting’s primary goal is to calculate the population in a given region,which requires real-time analysis of congested scenes for prompt reactionary *** crowd is always unexpected,and the benchmarked available datasets have a lot of variation,which limits the trained models’performance on unseen test *** this paper,we proposed an end-to-end deep neural network that takes an input image and generates a density map of a crowd *** proposed model consists of encoder and decoder networks comprising batch-free normalization layers known as evolving normalization(EvoNorm).This allows our network to be generalized for unseen data because EvoNorm is not using statistics from the training *** decoder network uses dilated 2D convolutional layers to provide large receptive fields and fewer parameters,which enables real-time processing and solves the density drift problem due to its large receptive *** benchmark datasets are used in this study to assess the proposed model,resulting in the conclusion that it outperforms conventional models.

关键词： Artificial intelligence deep learning crowd counting scene understanding

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RAG-based Cyber Threat Tracing Graph Modeling Method

RAG-based Cyber Threat Tracing Graph Modeling Method

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Jong-Hee Jeon Jahoon Koo Young-Gab Kim Dept. of Computer and Information Security Security Engineering Lab. Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea Dept. of Computer and Information Security and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Security Engineering Lab. Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798331506209

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506216

Cyber-attacks have become increasingly complex and sophisticated, occurring frequently through various paths. Numerous attack techniques, such as ransomware, advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks, and viruses facilitated by generative artificial intelligence (GAI), are threatening systems. Attackers often remain hidden for extended periods, using networks to infiltrate and spread within internal systems, aiming to steal sensitive information. These stealthy lateral movements are difficult to detect and defend against, necessitating a graph-based approach to effectively track and analyze threats. In this paper, we propose a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based threat behavior tracing method that derives more meaningful results through the information retrieval functions in the large language model (LLM). We present a suitable graph model for threat tracing by comparing label property graph (LPG) and resource description framework (RDF) as graph methods for knowledge extraction in RAG.

关键词： Privacy Tracking Computational modeling Large language models Retrieval augmented generation Standardization information retrieval Resource description framework Ransomware Interoperability

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RAG-based Cyber Threat Tracing Graph Modeling Method 23

RAG-based Cyber Threat Tracing Graph Modeling Method

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Trust, security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2024

作者： Jeon, Jong-Hee Koo, Jahoon Kim, Young-Gab Sejong University Seoul Security Engineering Lab. Dept. of Computer and Information Security Korea Republic of Sejong University Seoul Security Engineering Lab. Dept. of Computer and Information Security and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Korea Republic of

关键词： computer viruses

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Simulation of an ARP Spoofing Attack on the E2 Interface in Open RAN

Simulation of an ARP Spoofing Attack on the E2 Interface in ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Jihye Kim Jaehyoung Park Jong-Hyouk Lee Dept. of Computer and Information Security Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea Dept. of Computer and Information Security & Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350362244

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362251

In anticipation of the 5G-Advanced and 6G era, this paper explores Open RAN as an innovative solution to enhance the existing Radio Access Network (RAN) capabilities, particularly in managing the surge in mobile traffic. The O-RAN Alliance has made significant strides in this domain, particularly by releasing a comprehensive standard document addressing potential security threats and necessary countermeasures within Open RAN frameworks. A critical aspect of these standards is the emphasis on safeguarding the E2 interface-linking the NearRT RIC and RAN nodes-against Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, with IPsec proposed as a key defensive mechanism. Our study, however, reveals a vulnerability: the E2 interface remains susceptible to ARP spoofing, a variant of MitM attacks. This paper presents detailed simulation results to demonstrate this security flaw and delves into the potential ramifications on the E2 interface’s functionality and integrity. Our findings underscore the need for revisiting and reinforcing security protocols in the evolving landscape of Open RAN networks.

关键词： 6G mobile communication Protocols Simulation Surge protection Open RAN Radio communication countermeasures security Surges Standards Land mobile radio

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Smart Contract Kill Switch for security in a Private Blockchain-based Software Transaction System

Smart Contract Kill Switch for Security in a Private Blockch...

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IEEE International Workshop on information Forensics and security (WIFS)

作者： Soonhong Kwon Wooyoung Son Jong-Hyouk Lee Department of Computer and Information Security & Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea Protocol Engineering Lab Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350364422

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364439

The Data Act’s ‘Mandatory Smart Contract Kill Switch’, officially enforced by the EU fromJanuary 11, 2024, is sparking significant debate across Europe and within the cryptocurrency community. The primaryconcern is that this mandate could potentially render existing deployed smart contracts illegal and undermine the decentralization and immutability that are fundamental to DeFi. Analysis so far indicates that the biggest issue isthe lack of clear guidelines and scope regarding the implementation of the smart contract kill switch in the DataAct. In response, this paper proposes a private blockchain-based software transaction system to address the persistentissues in the software transaction process. The proposed system aims to construct a reliable software transaction environment by presenting methods and measures for applying smart contract kill switch that can address security incidents and license violations. This is achieved through the distribution of profits based on developer contributions, calculated using blockchain technology and peer evaluation, ensuring transparency, fairness, and decentralization.

关键词： Forensics Smart contracts Switches Licenses Software Software reliability security Software measurement Software development management Guidelines

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A Self-Adaptive Access Control Framework Based on User Attributes Among Heterogeneous Internet of Things Platforms

A Self-Adaptive Access Control Framework Based on User Attri...

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International ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, computer and Telecommunications engineering (ECTI-NCON)

作者： Jihoon Park Jahoon Koo Young-Gab Kim Dept. of Computer and Information Security and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea Dept. of Computer and Information Security Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea

Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are being actively designed to provide various services to users. However, most IoT platforms are developed in independent environments, causing difficulties in their interoperability. Even though heterogeneous IoT platforms employ the same attribute-based access control (ABAC) model to protect their resources, the attribute representation methods used by these platforms differ. Consequently, a semantic interoperability problem arises, wherein users of one platform cannot access the resources from other platforms, even though these users possess valid attributes. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that can interoperate by understanding different attribute representation methods among heterogeneous IoT platforms that employ the same ABAC model. Our framework uses self-adaptive modules monitor-analyze-plan-execute over a shared knowledge (MAPE-K) to solve semantic interoperability problems arising from differences in attribute representations, even with valid attributes, enabling access to resources between heterogeneous IoT platforms.

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Weighted Gauss-Seidel Precoder for Downlink Massive MIMO Systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1729-1745页

作者： Jun-Yong Jang Won-Seok Lee Jae-Hyun Ro Young-Hawn You Hyoung-Kyu Song Department of Information and Communication Engineering Convergence Engineering for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

In this paper,a novel precoding scheme based on the Gauss-Seidel(GS)method is proposed for downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)*** GS method iteratively approximates the matrix inversion and reduces the overall complexity of the precoding *** addition,the GS method shows a fast convergence rate to the Zero-forcing(ZF)method that requires an exact invertible ***,to satisfy demanded error performance and converge to the error performance of the ZF method in the practical condition such as spatially correlated channels,more iterations are necessary for the GS method and increase the overall *** efficient approximation with fewer iterations,this paper proposes a weighted GS(WGS)method to improve the approximation accuracy of the GS *** optimal weights that accelerate the convergence rate by improved accuracy are computed by the least square(LS)*** the computation of weights,the different weights are applied for each iteration of the GS *** addition,an efficient method of weight computation is proposed to reduce the complexity of the LS *** simulation results show that bit error rate(BER)performance for the proposed scheme with fewer iterations is better than the GS method in spatially correlated channels.

关键词： Massive MIMO GS matrix inversion complexity weight

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Improved Hybrid Precoding Technique with Low-Resolution for MIMO-OFDM System

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2205-2220页

作者： Seulgi Lee Ji-Sung Jung Young-Hwan You Hyoung-Kyu Song Department of Information and Communication Engineering and Convergence for Intelligent DroneSejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

This paper proposes an improved hybrid beamforming system based on multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)*** proposed beamforming system improves energy efficiency compared to the conventional hybrid beamforming *** sub-connected and full-connected structure are considered to apply the proposed *** the conventional hybrid beamforming,the usage of radio frequency(RF)chains and phase shifter(PS)gives high power and hardware *** this paper,the phase over sampling(POS)with switches(SW)is used in hybrid beamforming system to improve the energy *** POS-SW structure samples the value of analog beamformer to make lower resolution than conventional *** number of output data in POS is decided by the resolution of POS *** limited number of POS decides the resolution of antenna array and the values of POSs are designed from maximum and minimum phase angle antenna *** efficiency without the phase shifter is high although channel capacity is nearly similar with conventional ***,the amplifier with POS-SW system is proposed to improve the BER *** to the data bits,the output signals of POS are *** system with 2,3 and 4 bits is simulated to prove the proposed *** order to overcome the loss of low-resolution system,the amplifier with POS-SW system using channel information is *** average sum-rate of 4 bits system shows the similar performance with the conventional hybrid beamforming *** structure can play an important role by increasing the energy efficiency of the wireless communication system that many antennas are *** is shown that the BER,average sum rate and energy efficiency of the proposed scheme are more improved than the conventional hybrid beamforming system.

关键词： Hybrid beamforming MIMO-OFDM system analog precoding POS-SW

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HY-PC:Enabling Consistent Positioning and Communication Using Visible Light

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China Communications 2023年第4期20卷 180-194页

作者： Xiangyu Liu Yaoheng Chen Lei Guo Song Song School of Information Science and Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110158China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Communication and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology Hangzhou 310056China Institute of Intelligent Communications and Network Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China

Visible light(VL)plays an important role in achieving high-precision positioning and low bit error radio(BER)data ***,most VL-based systems can not achieve positioning and communication,*** are two problems:1)the hybrid systems are difficult to extract distinguishable positioning beacon features without affecting communication performance,2)in the hybrid systems,the lost data bits in the inter-frame gap(IFG)are hard to recover,which affects positioning and communication ***,in this article,we propose a novel VL-based hybrid positioning and communication system,named HY-PC system,to solve the above ***,we propose the robust T-W mapping for recognizing specific Light Emitting Diodes(LEDs),which can provide stable LED recognition accuracy without adding extra beacon data and does not decrease the communication ***,we also propose the novel linear block coding and bit interleaving mechanism,which can recover the lost data bits in the IFG and improve data communication ***,we use commercial off-the-shelf devices to implement our HY-PC system,extensive experimental results show that our HY-PC system can achieve consistent high-precision positioning and low-BER data communication,simultaneously.

关键词： visible light positioning visible light communication T-W Mapping linear block coding bit interleaving

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