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A New Cybersecurity Approach Enhanced by xAI-Derived Rules to Improve Network Intrusion Detection and SIEM

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1607-1621页

作者： Federica Uccello Marek Pawlicki Salvatore D'Antonio RafałKozik MichałChoras Centro Direzionale Department of EngineeringUniversity of Naples‘Parthenope’Isola C4Napoli80133Italy Department of Computer and Information Science Software and SystemsLinköping UniversityLinköping58183Sweden ITTI Sp.z o.o. Pozna´n61-612Poland Faculty of Telecommunications Computer Science and Electrical EngineeringBydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyBydgoszcz85-796Poland

The growing sophistication of cyberthreats,among others the Distributed Denial of Service attacks,has exposed limitations in traditional rule-based Security Information and Event Management *** machine learning–based intrusion detection systems can capture complex network behaviours,their“black-box”nature often limits trust and actionable insight for security *** study introduces a novel approach that integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence—xAI—with the Random Forest classifier to derive human-interpretable rules,thereby enhancing the detection of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)*** proposed framework combines traditional static rule formulation with advanced xAI techniques—SHapley Additive exPlanations and Scoped Rules-to extract decision criteria from a fully trained *** methodology was validated on two benchmark datasets,CICIDS2017 and *** rules were evaluated against conventional Security Information and Event Management Systems rules with metrics such as precision,recall,accuracy,balanced accuracy,and Matthews Correlation *** results demonstrate that xAI-derived rules consistently outperform traditional static ***,the most refined xAI-generated rule achieved near-perfect performance with significantly improved detection of DDoS traffic while maintaining high accuracy in classifying benign traffic across both datasets.

关键词： Cybersecurity explainable artificial intelligence intrusion detection system rule-based SIEM distributed denial of service

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Optimizing Secure Multi-User ISAC Systems With STAR-RIS: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for 6G Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 31472-31484页

作者： Kamal, Mian Muhammad Zain Ul Abideen, Syed Al-Khasawneh, M.A. Alabrah, Amerah Sohail Ahmed Larik, Raja Irfan Marwat, Muhammad Southeast University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Jiangning Jiangsu Nanjing211189 China Qingdao University College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao266071 China Al-Ahliyya Amman University Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Amman19111 Jordan Skyline University College School of Computing University City Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates King Saud University College of Computer and Information Science Department of Information Systems Riyadh11543 Saudi Arabia Ilma University Department of Computer Science Sindh Karachi75190 Pakistan University of Science and Technology Bannu Department of Software Engineering Bannu28100 Pakistan

The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies and the increasing demand for multi-functional systems have led to the emergence of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) as a key enabler for future 6G networks. Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance signal coverage and improve system efficiency. This paper investigates a STAR-RIS-assisted ISAC system designed to secure communication for multiple legitimate users (LUs) while safeguarding against multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). By jointly optimizing the base station (BS) transmit beamforming, STAR-RIS transmission and reflection coefficients, and receive filters, the proposed framework aims to maximize the long-term average secrecy rate for all LUs. Constraints are imposed to ensure minimum echo signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for sensing and meet the achievable rate requirements of LUs. To address the inherent complexity of this non-convex problem, two deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves significant improvements in secrecy rate compared to conventional RIS setups. This work provides a scalable and efficient approach for secure multi-user ISAC systems, making it highly relevant for future 6G networks, smart cities, and IoT applications. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Design and Modeling of a Photonic Crystal Multiplexer Using Artificial Intelligence

Advanced Electromagnetics

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Advanced Electromagnetics 2025年第1期14卷 59-64页

作者： Karami, Pouya Yahya, Salah I. Palash, Behnam Chaudhary, Muhammad Akmal Assaad, Maher Parandin, Fariborz Roshani, Saeed Hazzazi, Fawwaz Roshani, Sobhan Department of Electrical Engineering Kermanshah Branch Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Iran Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Erbil44001 Iraq Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering Koya University KOY45 Koya Iraq Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Information Technology Ajman University 346 Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj11492 Saudi Arabia

In this paper, design and modeling of an all-optical 2×1 multiplexer based on 2D photonic crystals and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are presented. The proposed structure aims to maximize the difference between the output powers in logical states, which is critical for enhancing the system ability to distinguish between these states. In this study, an ANN model is employed to accurately predict the normalized output power of the designed photonic crystal multiplexer, providing a time-efficient alternative to conventional simulation methods for analyzing multiplexer behavior across various logical states. The results demonstrate significant improvements in signal separation and overall performance compared to previous works. Additionally, a detailed comparison of the normalized output power for different logic states is provided, highlighting the advantages of the proposed design. © 2025, Advanced Electromagnetics. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon photonics

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Evaluating AI-powered predictive solutions for MRI in lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review

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Artificial Intelligence Review 2025年第8期58卷 1-78页

作者： Al-antari, Mugahed A. Salem, Saied Raza, Mukhlis Elbadawy, Ahmed S. Bütün, Ertan Aydin, Ahmet Arif Aydoğan, Murat Ertuğrul, Bilal Talo, Muhammed Gu, Yeong Hyeon Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science College of AI Convergence Daeyang AI Center Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of Department of Artificial Intelligence College of AI Convergence Daeyang AI Center Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fırat University Elazığ Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Inonu University Malatya Turkey Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Technology Fırat University Elazığ Turkey Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine Fırat University Elazığ Turkey Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of North Texas DentonTX76205 United States

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) involves the narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to compression of the spinal cord and nerves in the lower back. Common causes include injuries, degenerative age-related changes, congenital conditions, and tumors, all of which contribute to back pain. Early diagnosis is critical for symptom management, preventing progression, and preserving quality of life. This study systematically reviews AI-based approaches for predicting LSS using MRI axial and sagittal imaging. The review focuses on various AI tasks: detection, segmentation, classification, hybrid approaches, spinal index measurements (SIM), and explainable AI frameworks. The aim is to highlight current knowledge, identify limitations in existing models, and propose future research directions. Following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO method (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), the review collects data from databases like PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore (2005–2024). The Rayyan AI tool is used for duplicate removal and screening. The screening process includes an initial review of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text appraisal. The Meta Quality Appraisal Tool (MetaQAT) assesses the quality of selected articles. Of 1323 records, 97 duplicates were removed. After screening, 895 records were excluded, leaving 331 for full-text review. Among these, 184 articles were excluded for lacking AI relevance. Ultimately, 95 key articles (91 technical papers and 4 reviews) were identified for their contributions to AI-based LSS prediction. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of AI techniques in LSS prediction, guiding future research and advancing understanding in areas like explainable AI and large language models (LLMs). © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) Harmonization Large language models (LLMs) LSS prediction Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) Spinal LSS indices measurements

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An Empirical Comparison of Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms for Predicting Maternal Health Risk 5th

An Empirical Comparison of Machine and Deep Learning Algorit...

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5th EAI International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Cyber Physical Systems, IC4S 2024

作者： N, Srinivasa Gupta Valarmathi, B. Kavitha, A. Gopini, Sai Bhuvan Seela, Hari Kumar Department of Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Mathematics School of Advanced of Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031770777

Maternal health is among the greatest challenges in the world, especially in rural areas as there lack medical practitioners, they do not have easily accessible publics clinics and transport is difficult. Therefore, high rates of maternal as well as infant morbidity and mortalities are recorded. This research utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) with machine learning algorithms to forecast and address maternal health hazards right at their onset stage. The current research utilizes the concept of AI along with many Machine Learning (ML) methods like the Ensemble Learning Model (ELM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision-Tree (DT), XG-Boost (XGB), Cat Boost (CB), and Gradient Boosting (GB), along with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm used for dealing with the problem class imbalance within the data set. SMOTE algorithm is utilized for the dataset balancing process. The handling system involves refining data preprocessing with the help of feature engineering and robust data cleaning which makes sure that anomalies do not erode the reliability of the predictive model. The existing methods [1] used RF (90%), DT (87%), XGB (85%), CB (86%), and GB (81%) algorithms and were compared with the accuracies of the proposed models like Logistic Regression (LR), Ensemble Learning Bagging (ELB), Ensemble Learning Stacking (ELS), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The existing methods used only imbalance dataset. The accuracies of the proposed models with using SMOTE algorithm (balanced dataset) are LR (61.33%), KNN (81%), ELB (92.33%), ELS (90.66%) CNN (40.67%), RNN (59.67%), LSTM (54%), GRU (56%) respectively. Among these methods, ELB achieved 92.33% of accuracy with using SMOTE algorithm using imbalanced dataset. Whereas the accuracies of the proposed models without using SMOTE algorithm (imbalanced dataset) are LR (66.09%), KNN (68.47%)

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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HIPS - A Surgical Virtual Reality Training System for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) with Realistic Force Feedback

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2025年第5期31卷 3418-3428页

作者： Lorenz, Mario Kaluschke, Maximilian Melzer, Annegret Pillen, Nina Sanrow, Magdalena Hoffmann, Andrea Schmidt, Dennis Dettmann, André Bullinger, Angelika C. Perret, Jérôme Zachmann, Gabriel Chemnitz University of Technology Production Systems and Processes Germany University Hospital Leipzig Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Plastic Surgery Germany Medical University of Graz Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Germany University of Bremen Computer Graphics and Virtual Reality Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Germany YOUSE GmbH Germany Chemnitz University of Technology Ergonomics and Innovation Germany FAKT Software GmbH Germany Haption GmbH Germany

Virtual reality training simulations to acquire surgical skills are important for increasing patient safety and save valuable resources, e.g., cadavers, supervision and operating room time. However, as surgery is a craft, simulators must not only provide a high degree of visual realism, but especially a realistic haptic behavior. While such simulators exist for surgeries like laparoscopy or arthroscopy, other surgical fields, especially where large forces need to be exerted, like total hip arthroplasty (THA;implantation of a hip joint protheses), lack realistic VR training simulations. In this paper we present for the first time a novel VR training simulation for the five steps of THA (from femur head resection to stem implantation) with realis-tic haptic feedback. To achieve this, a novel haptic hammering device, an upgraded version of the Virtuose 6D haptic device from Haption, novel algorithms for collision detection, haptic rendering, and material removal are introduced. In a study with 17 surgeons of diverse experience levels, we confirmed the realism, usefulness and usability of our novel methods. © 1995-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Arthroplasty

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Investigating the Transferability of Evasion Attacks in Network Intrusion Detection Systems Considering Domain-Specific Constraints 25th

Investigating the Transferability of Evasion Attacks in N...

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25th International Conference on Information Security Applications, WISA 2024

作者： Mbow, Mariama Roman, Rodrigo Seal, Ayan Wang, Kevin I-Kai Mohanty, Sraban Kumar Sakurai, Kouichi Department of Information Science and Technology Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Lab University of Malaga Málaga Spain PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur482005 India Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering The University of Auckland Auckland1010 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616237

Recently, adversarial attacks against machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have gained significant attention in cybersecurity. This study investigates the transferability of these adversarial attacks in the context of NIDS. In addition, most existing studies in adversarial learning against NIDS adopted attack strategies designed originally for image classification without considering network traffic characteristics. However, this is impractical and will fail in the real world as network traffic features are constrained, and ignoring the functional behavior of the network traffic features leads to invalid network traffic flow or produces adversarial samples that do not retain their original functionality (malicious or benign). To address these issues, we propose a constrained momentum iterative fast gradient sign method (C-MIFGSM) to generate adversarial network flows that can successfully evade an ML-based IDS through transfer-based attacks while preserving the functional behavior of the network traffic. Our approach was validated using several target NIDS models built with the NSLKDD benchmark dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that even without knowledge of the target model and under feature constraints, it is possible to generate adversarial network traffic flows that achieve a high evasion attack success rate against NIDS built with deep learning and classical ML models. For example, the attack degraded the detection rate of the DoS traffic drops from 92.35% to 20.27% for the MLP model with an evasion increase rate of 78.04%. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Quantum Pseudorandom Scramblers 22nd

Quantum Pseudorandom Scramblers

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22nd Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2024

作者： Lu, Chuhan Qin, Minglong Song, Fang Yao, Penghui Zhao, Mingnan Computer Science Department Portland State University Portland United States State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031780165

Quantum pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs) have stimulated exciting developments in recent years. A PRSG, on a fixed initial (e.g., all-zero) state, produces an output state that is computationally indistinguishable from a Haar random state. However, pseudorandomness of the output state is not guaranteed on other initial states. In fact, known PRSG constructions provably fail on some initial states. In this work, we propose and construct quantum Pseudorandom State Scramblers (PRSSs), which can produce a pseudorandom state on an arbitrary initial state. In the information-theoretical setting, we obtain a scrambler which maps an arbitrary initial state to a distribution of quantum states that is close to Haar random in total variation distance. As a result, our scrambler exhibits a dispersing property. Loosely, it can span an ϵ-net of the state space. This significantly strengthens what standard PRSGs can induce, as they may only concentrate on a small region of the state space provided that the average output state approximates a Haar random state. Our PRSS construction develops a parallel extension of the famous Kac’s walk, and we show that it mixes exponentially faster than the standard Kac’s walk. This constitutes the core of our proof. We also describe a few applications of PRSSs. While our PRSS construction assumes a post-quantum one-way function, PRSSs are potentially a weaker primitive and can be separated from one-way functions in a relativized world similar to standard PRSGs. © International Association for Cryptologic Research 2025.

关键词： Distribution functions

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Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction Using Spatio-Temporal Data Fusion

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 70095-70104页

作者： Sattar, Kalim Muhammad Saad Missen, Malik Saher, Najia Nawaz Bashir, Rab Zoupash Zahra, Syeda Faheem, Muhammad Rehman Khan, Amjad Department of Information Technology Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Department of Computer Science Vehari Campus Vehari61100 Pakistan Riyadh12435 Saudi Arabia VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo02150 Finland

Tropical cyclone is a sea storm that causes important life and economic losses in the coastal regions in the tropical zone around the equator of the earth. Tropical cyclone intensity is an important characteristic used to estimate the strength of the tropical cyclone. This study aims to improve the tropical cyclone intensity prediction by concatenating the spatial and temporal features of tropical cyclones. The proposed methodology utilized the deep learning based approach for handling 3D and 2D features for 24h early intensity prediction. In the first phase, a dynamic grid-based approach is utilized to extract the spatial features in a ( 3 × 3 ) grid format from the eye of the TC. These spatial features are extracted for four different components (u,v,t,r) and 37 different isobaric planes. In the second step, multiple convolutional layers are used to process each spatial component separately, and a fusion method is used to combine the spatial and temporal features. The proposed method achieved state-of-the-art results by reducing the MAE up to 3.31% overall and 8.5%,14.78%, 5.67% for u,v, and (u,v) add fusion components, respectively. The proposed methodology outperformed the state-of-the-art Saf-net model by 8.5 %,14.78%,5.67% for u,v, and (u,v) add fusion, respectively. A performance comparison on four real-time tropical cyclones (Bavi 2015, AERE 2016, NANMADOL 2017, HECTOR 2018) is also performed. The proposed model achieved MAE 2.92, 2.99, 2.46, 3.95 that are 10.08%, 34.35%, 23.65%, and 3.2% lower than state-of-the-art spatio-temporal models, respectively. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Tropical cyclone

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Generative AI in Student software Development Projects: A User Study on Experiences and Self-Assessment 25

Generative AI in Student Software Development Projects: A Us...

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Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on software Engineering Education

作者： Uwe M. Borghoff Mark Minas Jannis Schopp Department of Computer Science Institute for Software Technology University of the Bundeswehr Munich Neubiberg Germany

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