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Special Topic on Reinforcement Learning and Intelligent Decision

ZTE Communications 2023年第3期21卷 1-2页

作者： GAO Yang Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University National Institute of Healthcare Big Data at Nanjing University

Over the past few years,deep reinforcement learning(RL)has made remarkable progress in a range of applications,including Go games,vision-based control,and generative dialogue *** error-and-trial mechanisms,deep RL enables data-driven optimization and sequential decision-making in uncertain *** to traditional programming or heuristic optimization methods,deep RL can elegantly balance exploration and exploitation and handle environmental *** a result,this learning paradigm has attracted increasing attention from both academia and industry and is paving a new path for largescale complex decision-making applications.

关键词： handle optimization programming

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Classification of Tuberculosis Bacilli from Microscopic Sputum Smear Images Using Swin Transformer

Classification of Tuberculosis Bacilli from Microscopic Sput...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Vallabhaneni, Praneeth Satapathy, Ashutosh Indugula, Manisha Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Vijayawada India Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vijayawada India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a great challenge in the health world, and proper treatment requires proper diagnosis at the right time. This paper has classified the bacilli in sputum samples into single/simple and clump formations using deep-learning transformer techniques. The method starts with semantic segmentation, where TransUNet model has been used on sputum images to detect regions containing the bacilli. The superior visual task performer, the Swin Transformer, further classifies the regions identified. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC are the metrics used to evaluate the model's performance. This classification contributes to TB diagnosis by quantifying bacterial load and categorizing infection severity. This type of differentiation may guide clinicians in developing more precise treatment strategies as the variability of infection severity may be observed in patients suffering from TB. Integrating the recent transformer models, such as Swin Transformer and TransUNet, into the microbiological diagnosis process will improve the speed of TB diagnosis, and automated bacterial classification will occur through an organized process. This study will help diagnose TB by improving the capacity of diagnosis, which subsequently helps in better decision-making regarding treatment and management, independent of human interpretation. The successful classification of TB bacilli resulted in an average accuracy of 93%, average precision of 93%, average recall of 92.5%, and average F1-score of 92.5%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A Review on the Applications of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Image Recognition 4

A Review on the Applications of Machine Learning and Deep Le...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Wanjari, Ketan Verma, Prateek Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Maharashtra Wardha442001 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Faculty of Engineering and Technology Maharashtra Wardha442001 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

Modern image recognition has experienced dramatic improvements because of Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms together. This study investigates CNNs and SVMs for recognition enhancement while reviewing image recognition technologies extensively through literature. This paper demonstrates how the applications of healthcare and security systems and social media analysis influence society. New developments in technology have not resolved multiple unresolved obstacles such as data bias as well as computational complexity and privacy concerns together with real-time processing restrictions. The latest image processing techniques include ViTs alongside GANs and Few-Shot Learning but developers need to achieve better results in future improvements. The main goal of this research examines present-day advancements in ML and DL with a review of their capabilities as well as constraints before recommending future study paths to overcome problems encountered today. This paper evaluates both the future potential and benefits alongside drawbacks of ML and DL models applied to image recognition. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Cross-Layer Optimization Strategies for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Machine-Type Communication in LPWANs 2

Cross-Layer Optimization Strategies for Energy-Efficient and...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational science, ICERCS 2024

作者： Amanullah, M. Manoranjini, J. Sathiya, V. Helen Prabbu Sankar, P. Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha School of Engineering Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai India Rajalakshmi Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534950

In the massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices over Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) presents substantial issues regarding energy efficiency and stability. The existing frameworks frequently fails in the the intricate relationships among the MAC-layer and physical parameters. To enhanced cross-layer evaluation methodology that integrates adaptive data rate (ADR) optimization, real-time energy consumption monitoring, and dynamic downlink message handling to address the problems. To maintain stability and performance with the network situations, the framework makes use of a Control-Lyapunov function. To enable effective resource allocation uses the Successive Convex Approximation that improve the effects of various transmission systems under quasi-static and dynamic channel conditions. To verify the cross-layer interactions and it impacts the energy efficiency, the proposed method begins with the data collection and it moves to payload size and packet length, are regularly changed to examines the affect throughput and energy consumption. The findings show the high-density node situations, energy consumption that reduced while retaining reliable communication. Furthermore, the results show the interdependencies among network parameters, highlighting the necessity of an integrated strategy. This framework helps to ensure the mMTC scenarios that optimized by improving the long-term viability and dependability of IoT networks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Exploring the Role of Generative AI in Constructing Knowledge Graphs for Drug Indications with Medical Context 15

Exploring the Role of Generative AI in Constructing Knowledg...

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15th International Conference on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Health Care and Life sciences, SWAT4HCLS 2024

作者： Alharbi, Reham Ahmed, Umair Dobriy, Daniil Lajewska, Weronika Menotti, Laura Saeedizade, Mohammad Javad Dumontier, Michel Department of Computer Science University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom School of Science and Technology University of Camerino Camerino Italy Institute for Data Process and Knowledge Management Vienna University of Economics and Business Vienna Austria Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway Department of Information Engineering University of Padua Padova Italy Department of Computer Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden Institute of Data Science Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands

The medical context for a drug indication provides crucial information on how the drug can be used in practice. However, the extraction of medical context from drug indications remains poorly explored, as most research concentrates on the recognition of medications and associated diseases. Indeed, most databases cataloging drug indications do not contain their medical context in a machine-readable format. This paper proposes the use of a large language model for constructing DIAMOND-KG, a knowledge graph of drug indications and their medical context. The study 1) examines the change in accuracy and precision in providing additional instruction to the language model, 2) estimates the prevalence of medical context in drug indications, and 3) assesses the quality of DIAMOND-KG against NeuroDKG, a small manually curated knowledge graph. The results reveal that more elaborated prompts improve the quality of extraction of medical context;71% of indications had at least one medical context;63.52% of extracted medical contexts correspond to those identified in NeuroDKG. This paper demonstrates the utility of using large language models for specialized knowledge extraction, with a particular focus on extracting drug indications and their medical context. We provide DIAMOND-KG as a FAIR RDF graph supported with an ontology. Openly accessible, DIAMOND-KG may be useful for downstream tasks such as semantic query answering, recommendation engines, and drug repositioning research. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Automated Quality Assessment Using Appearance-Based Simulations and Hippocampus Segmentation on Low-Field Paediatric Brain MR Images 1st

Automated Quality Assessment Using Appearance-Based Simulati...

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1st MICCAI Challenge on Low Field Pediatric Brain Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation and Quality Assurance, LISA 2024, held in Conjunction with Medical Image Computing and computer Assisted Intervention Conference, MICCAI 2024

作者： Sundaresan, Vaanathi Dinsdale, Nicola K Department of Computational and Data Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Oxford Machine Learning in NeuroImaging Lab Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783031830105

Understanding the structural growth of paediatric brains is a key step in the identification of various neuro-developmental disorders. However, our knowledge is limited by many factors, including the lack of automated image analysis tools, especially in Low and Middle Income Countries from the lack of high field MR images available. Low-field systems are being increasingly explored in these countries, and, therefore, there is a need to develop automated image analysis tools for these images. In this work, as a preliminary step, we consider two tasks: 1) automated quality assurance and 2) hippocampal segmentation, where we compare multiple approaches. For the automated quality assurance task a DenseNet combined with appearance-based transformations for synthesising artefacts produced the best performance, with a weighted accuracy of 82.3%, thus ranking in the 1st place in the LISA2024 Challenge. For the segmentation task, registration of an average atlas performed the best, with a final Dice score of 0.61. Our results show that although the images can provide understanding of large scale pathologies and gross scale anatomical development, there still remain barriers for their use for more granular analyses. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Public Decision-Making Analysis in Urban Heat Islands Based on Socioeconomic Modelling by Deep Learning Techniques

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Remote Sensing in Earth Systems sciences 2024年第1期8卷 108-117页

作者： Prakash, S. Wilson Kiruthigha, R. Yadav, Ajay Kumar Kanna, S. K. Rajesh Shaik, Khasimbee Krishna, B. Murali Department of Data Science and Business Systems SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Kattankulathur India Department of Information Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Ramapuram India Department of Computer Application United Institute of Management UP Prayagraj 211010 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aditya University Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Department of Computer Science and Engineering MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad India

Urban heat island (UHI) effects, especially in highly urbanised areas, and greenhouse gas emissions from human activity are two elements that accelerate global climate change (GCC). Sustainable city planning and modification may benefit from the quantification of the surface UHI (SUHI) effect utilising land surface temperature (LST), local climate zones (LCZ), and deep learning methods like convolutional neural networks (CNN) and pix2pix. The findings show that socioeconomic variables account for 12–20% of variability in UHI intensity. In general, the contribution rate of urban economic scale is higher than that of population and industrial structure variables. The increase in urban economic expansion increased summertime heat discomfort. This research propose novel method in socioeconomic analysis based on urban heat pattern analysis with public healthcare system using decision-making with DL (deep learning) model. Input is collected as urban heat pattern dataset and processed for noise removal and normalisation. This data has been features are extracted and classified using convolutional fuzzy Q-Gaussian neural network and variational K-C-means regressive learning. The simulation analysis has been carried out based on training accuracy, average precision, recall, and F-measure. The proposed model attained average precision was 94%, recall was 90%, training accuracy was 97%, and F1-score was 92%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Decision-making Deep learning model Public healthcare system Socioeconomic analysis Urban heat pattern

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data-Driven Stop-Loss Hedging Strategies for NSE Using Machine Learning Techniques

Data-Driven Stop-Loss Hedging Strategies for NSE Using Machi...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Nagaraj, P. Prabhu, M. Chaithanya Visist, T. Janani, D. Hitesh, S. Saranath, P. Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Krishnankoil Virudhunagar India Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Chennai600036 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

The financial markets are inherently volatile, and investors constantly seek ways to mitigate risks while maximizing returns. This work aims to develop a stop-loss hedging strategy for a portfolio of stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange (Nse) to minimize losses and maximize returns. This strategy utilizes real-time market data to adjust stop-load levels dynamically by predicting future stock. This will protect against market downwards. We used long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to predict the next stock value. This AI-driven model allows the system to predict the next stock by using real-time market data and adjust the stoploss level accordingly. In addition, this system integrates a hedging strategy. It determines whether to hedge based on the predicted stock price compared to the current price. If the predicted price is less than the current price a hedging strategy like short selling or buying put option is suggested. This automated solution is useful for retail investors. This strategy will protect against losses and returns maximum profits. When the market is upside the stoploss position also increases and will make maximum profits. If the market is downward it will protest from losses by putting a stoploss level and it will return minimum losses. Here we use different algorithms in the work like decision tree, random forest, LSTM, and SVM. Based on the all algorithms we got the highest accuracy for the decision tree and the accuracy is 99.54%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： data Analysis data science Decision Tree Economic Growth Hedging Strategy Long Term Short Memory NSE Random Forest Stocks Stop - Loss SVM

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Enhancing Progressive Diagnosis Prediction in Healthcare with Continuous Normalizing Flows 24

Enhancing Progressive Diagnosis Prediction in Healthcare wit...

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33rd Companion of the ACM World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Tan, Yanchao Zhang, Hengyu Zhou, Zihao Ma, Guofang Wang, Fan Liu, Weiming Liao, Xinting Hertzberg, Vicki S. Yang, Carl College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University China College of Computer Science Zhejiang University China School of Computer Science Zhejiang Gongshang University China Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University United States Department of Computer Science Emory University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701726

Progressive diagnosis prediction in healthcare is a promising yet challenging task. Existing studies usually assume a pre-defined prior for generating patient distributions (e.g., Gaussian). However, the inferred approximate posterior can deviate from the real-world distribution, which further affects the modeling of continuous disease progression over time. To alleviate such inference bias, we propose an enhanced progressive diagnostic prediction model (i.e., ProCNF), which integrates continuous normalizing flows (CNF) and neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to achieve more accurate approximations of patient health trajectories while capturing the continuity underlying disease progression. We first learn patient embeddings with CNF to construct a complex posterior approximation of patient distributions. Then, we devise a CNF-enhanced neural ODE module for progressive diagnostic prediction, which aims to improve the modeling of disease progression for individual patients. Extensive experiments on two real-world longitudinal EHR datasets show significant performance gains brought by our method over state-of-the-art competitors. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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