Martin-Löf's type theory is a theory in which one can write both specifications and programs. By interpreting propositions as types, predicate logic is available when formulating a specification. The rules of...
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Martin-Löf's type theory is a theory in which one can write both specifications and programs. By interpreting propositions as types, predicate logic is available when formulating a specification. The rules of type theory are formulated as tactics which makes a “top down” construction of programs possible. These ideas are illustrated by a formal derivation of a program for a partitioning problem.
In this paper, we investigate whether or not most novice programming bugs arise because students have misconceptions about the semantics of particular language constructs. Three high frequency bugs are examined in det...
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A significant portion of tutorial interactions revolve around the bugs a student makes. When a tutor performs an intervention to help a student fix a programming bug, the problem of deciding which intervention to perf...
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I have not tried to be comprehensive here. Instead I have tried to pursue the idea of category theory as a kind of type theory and thereby I have only included those uses of category theory which I have found particul...
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Multilevel arrays have been used in the VDL and VDM projects for representing abstract syntax trees. In the same way as the function type can be seen as a generalization of the array type, it is possible to generalize...
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We show how one can add negation and disjunction to Prolog, with the property that there is no overhead in run time if we do not use the negation, and we only pay for the negation when we actually use it. The extensio...
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If one desires that an automatic theory formation program detect inconsistency in a set of hypotheses, the Horn clause logic of Prolog is unsuitable as no contradiction is derivable. Full first order logic provides a ...
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Concepts and ideas are presented that should characterize an advanced Ada programming support environment. These concepts include: 1. conceptual simplicity, 2. tight coupling of tools, and 3. effective support of host...
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Concepts and ideas are presented that should characterize an advanced Ada programming support environment. These concepts include: 1. conceptual simplicity, 2. tight coupling of tools, and 3. effective support of host-target software development. Several important principles - including template-assisted Ada editing, command completion employing Ada as a command language, and combining the advantages of interpretation and compilation - have been demonstrated in the Arcturus system. Of particular concern is the expansion of Arcturus to support the analysis, testing, and debugging of real-time tasking programs. A strategy is proposed for applying the individual standalone techniques developed to facilitate those activities in an integrated manner, making them even more valuable as they are mutually reinforcing and complementary in vital ways. The strategy provides a disciplined approach to the problem of analyzing errors disclosed during real-time target machine testing.
computers have been employed within the field of education for many years, often with disappointing results. However, recent and current research within the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is having a positive i...
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computers have been employed within the field of education for many years, often with disappointing results. However, recent and current research within the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is having a positive impact on educational applications. For example, there now exist ICAI (intelligent computer-assisted instruction) systems to teach or tutor many different subjects; several such systems are discussed herein. In addition to CAI (computer-assisted instruction) systems, we discuss the development of learning environments that are designed to facilitate student-initiated learning. A third major application is the use of expert systems to assist with educational diagnosis and assessment. During the course of our discussion of these three major application areas, we indicate where AI has already played a major role in the development of such systems and where further research is required in order to overcome current limitations.
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