In the past fifteen years, artificial intelligence scientists have built several signal interpretation, or understanding, programs. These programs have combined "low" level signal processing algorithms with ...
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In the past fifteen years, artificial intelligence scientists have built several signal interpretation, or understanding, programs. These programs have combined "low" level signal processing algorithms with knowledge representation and reasoning techniques used in knowledge-based, or expert, systems. [4] They have shown how the use of task domain knowledge combined with symbolic manipulation techniques can be of use in making signal understanding systems more effective and efficient. HASP/SIAP is one such program that tries to interpret the meaning of passively collected sonar data. In this paper we explore some of the AI techniques that contribute in the "understanding" process. We also describe the organization of HASP/SIAP system as an example of a programming framework that show promise for applications in a class of similar problems.
Production rules are a popular representation for encoding heuristic knowledge in programs for scientific and medical problem solving. However, experience with one of these programs, mycin, indicates that the represen...
Production rules are a popular representation for encoding heuristic knowledge in programs for scientific and medical problem solving. However, experience with one of these programs, mycin, indicates that the representation has serious limitations: people other than the original rule authors find it difficult to modify the rule set, and the rules are unsuitable for use in other settings, such as for application to teaching. These problems are rooted in fundamental limitations in mycin"s original rule representation: the view that expert knowledge can be encoded as a uniform, weakly structured set of if/then associations is found to be wanting. To illustrate these problems, this paper examines mycin"s rules from the perspective of a teacher trying to justify them and to convey a problem-solving approach. We discover that individual rules play different roles, have different kinds of justifications, and are constructed using different rationales for the ordering and choice of premise clauses. This design knowledge, consisting of structural and strategic concepts which lie outside the representation, is shown to be procedurally embedded in the rules. Moreover, because the data/hypothesis associations are themselves a proceduralized form of underlying disease models, they can only be supported by appealing to this deeper level of knowledge. Making explicit this structural, strategic and support knowledge enhances the ability to understand and modify the system.
GLISP is a high-level language that is based on Lisp and is compiled into Lisp. It provides a versatile abstract-data-type facility with hierarchical inheritance of properties and object-centered programming. The obje...
GLISP is a high-level language that is compiled into LISP It provides a versatile abstract-data-type facility with hierarchical inheritance of properties and object-centered programming GLISP programs are shorter and ...
GLISP is a high-level language that is compiled into LISP It provides a versatile abstract-data-type facility with hierarchical inheritance of properties and object-centered programming GLISP programs are shorter and more readable than equivalent LISP programs The object code produced by GLISP is optimized, making it about as efficient as handwritten LISP An integrated programming environment is provided, including automatic incremental compilation, interpretive programming features, and an intelligent display-based inspector/editor for data and data-type descriptions GLISP code is relatively portable; the compiler and the data inspector are implemented for most major dialects of LISP and are available free or at nominal cost
This paper sets some context, raises issues, and provides our initial thinking on the characteristics of effective rapid prototyping techniques. After discussing the role rapid prototyping techniques can play in the s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)089791094X
This paper sets some context, raises issues, and provides our initial thinking on the characteristics of effective rapid prototyping techniques. After discussing the role rapid prototyping techniques can play in the software lifecycle, the paper looks at possible technical approaches including: heavily parameterized models, reusable software, rapid prototyping languages, prefabrication techniques for system generation, and reconfigurable test harnesses. The paper concludes that a multi-faceted approach to rapid prototyping techniques is needed if we are to address a broad range of applications successfully - no single technical approach suffices for all potentially desirable applications.
作者：
LENAT, DBComputer Science Department
Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 U.S.A.[∗]The author is an assistant professor of Computer Science at Stanford University a member of that university"s Heuristic Programming Project and a consultant for CIS at XEROX PARC.
Builders of expert rule-based systems attribute the impressive performance of their programs to the corpus of knowledge they embody: a large network of facts to provide breadth of scope, and a large array of informal ...
Builders of expert rule-based systems attribute the impressive performance of their programs to the corpus of knowledge they embody: a large network of facts to provide breadth of scope, and a large array of informal judgmental rules (heuristics) which guide the system toward plausible paths to follow and away from implausible ones. Yet what is the nature of heuristics? What is the source of their power? How do they originate and evolve? By examining two case studies, the am and eurisko programs, we are led to some tentative hypotheses: Heuristics are compiled hindsight, and draw their power from the various kinds of regularity and continuity in the world; they arise through specialization, generalization, and—surprisingly often—analogy. Forty years ago, Polya introduced Heuretics as a separable field worthy of study. Today, we are finally able to carry out the kind of computation-intensive experiments which make such study possible.
Summary Eurisko is an AI program that learns by discovery We are applying Eurisko to the task of inventing new kinds of three-dimensional microelectronic devices that can then be fabricated using recently developed la...
Summary Eurisko is an AI program that learns by discovery We are applying Eurisko to the task of inventing new kinds of three-dimensional microelectronic devices that can then be fabricated using recently developed laser recrystallization techniques Three experiments have been conducted, and some novel designs and design rules have emerged.
One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and syst...
One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and system design deficiencies, these control systems suffered from inadequate methods to measure and adjust system alignment. This paper describes the development of a set of procedures for on-line alignment verification (OLV) of pneumatic main boiler and feedpump control systems. The procedures are designed for use by N avy control system technicians and, in addition to on-line alignment verification, provide guidance for troubleshooting and for performing system alignment. Procedure static checks measure steady state steaming performance and OLV procedure dynamic checks measure the ability of the boiler and control systems to respond to load changes. The paper describes typical control system characteristics that influence OLV procedure content and the supporting analysis that was used to establish alignment criteria ranges that satisfy both steady state and transient performance requirements. Also described is the alignment criteria tolerance analysis along with the steps involved in a typical OLV check procedure development. Descriptions of the various OLV checks, troubleshooting procedures and alignment procedures are provided. Typical shipboard implementation requirements are described and experience to date with the procedures is provided along with a status report on OLV procedure implementations.
作者：
HARTLEY, SFCalifornia State University
Hayward Corresponding Author: Shirley Foster Hartley is Professor and former Chair of the Department of Sociology California State University Hayward. Books published include: Population: Quantity vs. Quality (Prentice-Hall) and Illegitimacy (University of California Press). Articles published and research interests vary from micro-analyses of interpersonal attraction role conflicts among clergy wives and marital satisfaction to macro studies of the status of women in various societies and population growth and development. ∗An earlier draft was prepared in conjunction with William J. Beaver whose expertise in computer programming greatly facilitated this analysis. The report on our pilot study was presented at the American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division San Francisco CA June 13 197
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