In a recent publication we analyzed the role of the direct and the inverse binary and triple interactions in reaching thermal equilibrium in homogeneous isotropic pair plasma, starting from a nonequlibrium state. In t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781904868736
In a recent publication we analyzed the role of the direct and the inverse binary and triple interactions in reaching thermal equilibrium in homogeneous isotropic pair plasma, starting from a nonequlibrium state. In the present work we extend the analysis to the case of proton-loaded plasma. The corresponding timescales for thermalization of electrons, positrons, protons and photons are determined out from the numerical solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equations. We include all exact QED collisional integrals for binary reactions, while for the corresponding radiative variants we reduce reaction rates to the known expressions of kinetic coefficients in the thermal equilibrium.
Recently a modified SET protocol for mobile payment (MSET) has been proposed in the literature. MSET claims to be a promising protocol for mobile payment. However, we have observed certain flaws and drawbacks in the p...
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Recently a modified SET protocol for mobile payment (MSET) has been proposed in the literature. MSET claims to be a promising protocol for mobile payment. However, we have observed certain flaws and drawbacks in the proposed protocol. In this paper we discuss those flaws and drawbacks and propose counter measures for the same to ensure secure transaction. The first flaw is that a dishonest client can buy goods from a merchant without paying the actual price of the goods. We also observed that the MSET protocol lacks the Non-Repudiation property of transaction. Further, we would like to mention that the modified SET is using certificate, which is having no use once the symmetric key is distributed. This causes communication overhead for the mobile application. As a result the protocol will be useful only for mobiles with reasonably high processing power. With the growing demand of mobile based payment systems in developing countries this could be a disadvantage.
A sixteen-channel linear phased array radar is calibrated by means of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Limited data are used to train the various layers of the network, for Angle of Arrival (AOA) determinacy. This is ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457710407
A sixteen-channel linear phased array radar is calibrated by means of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Limited data are used to train the various layers of the network, for Angle of Arrival (AOA) determinacy. This is designed to increase speed of operation and to prevent over fitting. The designed simulator generates time-series data sets representing continuous span of AOA. The generated data-sets are used in multilayer feed-forward NNs to find the phase, which is then used as inputs to Spiking Neural Network (SNN) o determine AOA. SNNs are used for hardware implementation feasibility. The designed simulator improved the accuracy of AOA determination, and opens the door for a wide variety of radar classification applications.
African countries lag behind the rest of the world in their use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). To reduce the digital divide quickly and cost-effectively, wireless networks are considered. WiMAX ...
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African countries lag behind the rest of the world in their use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). To reduce the digital divide quickly and cost-effectively, wireless networks are considered. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless broadband access technology that uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is a multicarrier modulation scheme. OFDM presents a problem of a high crest factor or Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). To circumvent this problem either High Power Amplifiers (HPAs) with large dynamic range or PAPR reduction techniques are used. The former scheme increases cost of the system while the latter introduces redundancy or distortion. A novel PAPR reduction scheme is presented. It is a combination of the ideas of Tone Reservation and Selected Mapping. The advantage of this scheme is that it has a lower complexity. It is simulated for a WiMAX system.
Nowadays, a lot of inverted pendulum robots have been developed. The complexity of the dynamical control systems is increased and they are advanced toward autonomous inverted pendulum robots. When the controllers are ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457707148
Nowadays, a lot of inverted pendulum robots have been developed. The complexity of the dynamical control systems is increased and they are advanced toward autonomous inverted pendulum robots. When the controllers are designed, the software MATLAB/Simulink is often used. It is well known that it is a very useful tool to design and analyze motion control systems. However, it is not always useful to express huge or multifunctional systems. At that time, System Modeling language (SysML) is known as a useful tool for that system design. Then it seems the usage of the both tools are useful. In order to develop the inverted pendulum robots in practice, we need multi-stand points for the real time systems. We have to study the both of them and investigate how to fill the gap. This paper introduces our requirement, overview of inverted pendulum robot system, hardware configurations, and map the balancing control using observer based control from Simulink model to SysML models. Furthermore, SysML is a guideline to define the interconnection between functions and combine them together.
In the design of a solar photovoltaic system, one criterion that continues to receive low priority is the provision of minimum inter row spacing for photovoltaic modules. Consumers and installers alike strive to maxim...
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In the design of a solar photovoltaic system, one criterion that continues to receive low priority is the provision of minimum inter row spacing for photovoltaic modules. Consumers and installers alike strive to maximize area usage for systems such that they achieve the highest amount of annual energy output. This, in turn, leads to module rows being designed very close to each other; with array tilt lowered in an attempt to reduce inter row shading. This design practice fails to take into consideration many effects that close row spacing can have on system output. When designing a photovoltaic array to optimize its performance as a power generator and its contribution to the electric grid during peak demand periods - shading concerns become a key consideration. This paper describes a process developed at Rowan University's Center for Sustainable design to test the impact that inter row shading can have on power output and performance across the day. A test rig and protocol were created which tested module's output given various depths of shading from one row of modules upon another. The exclusion of bypass diodes in the system was also tested to view the most extreme possible cases of power loss induced by shading. The results of this experimentation showed that even very small amounts of shading upon solar photovoltaic modules can lead to significant loss in power generation. As more PV systems are installed on the utility system their availability during peak times becomes an ever increasing requirement for Smart Grid success. This paper also explores the ramifications that proper inter row spacing design guidelines could have on reinforcing some of the fundamental principles of Smart Grid.
This paper introduces a new technology platform that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of simulation modelling projects. A recently developed platform that integrates data acquisition management platform (prim...
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This paper introduces a new technology platform that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of simulation modelling projects. A recently developed platform that integrates data acquisition management platform (primary models) and post simulation performance analysis models (synthesis) is described. The use of real-time discrete event simulation modelers as a vehicle is proposed. In recent years we have suggested a number of solutions to integrate shopfloor data with higher level information systems. All these solutions lacked two key capabilities. Firstly, the solutions were not capable of interacting with data acquisition systems without expert interference in determining the quality and quantity of input signals. Therefore, connecting input signals to key performance indicators (i.e. simulation parameters) was extremely challenging and error prone. Secondly, from health workers? and plant managers? perspective, simulation results (e.g. resource utilization, waiting times, work-in-process, etc.) did not correspond to industry performance metrics. SIMMON is proposed here to address these two problems.
This paper presents a novel method for measuring the movement of a garment relative to the body surface. Quantifying this movement affords a measurement of the displacement of a hypothetical body sensor embedded in a ...
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This paper presents a novel method for measuring the movement of a garment relative to the body surface. Quantifying this movement affords a measurement of the displacement of a hypothetical body sensor embedded in a garment, which can be expressed as "error" or "movement noise" in some body-sensing applications. We present the method, based on motion-capture of garments worn by an animatronic running mannequin, and the results of two preliminary evaluations measuring the movement of a skin-tight bodysuit and a pair of denim pants.
This paper introduces the Seaboard, a new tangible musical instrument which aims to provide musicians with significant capability to manipulate sound in real-time in a musically intuitive way. It introduces the core d...
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By-pass diodes are frequently used to minimize the effects of shading on PV module power generation. However, the functionality and effectiveness of these diodes depends on proper installation of a module with respect...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424499663
By-pass diodes are frequently used to minimize the effects of shading on PV module power generation. However, the functionality and effectiveness of these diodes depends on proper installation of a module with respect to potential shade sources. The lack of general manufacturer guidelines for proper module installation paired with the current level of technical knowledge held by many general contracting firms, may often lead to compromises in the electrical output of a photovoltaic system. The current produced by a single PV cell is directly proportional to the amount of solar irradiation that it is exposed to. However, in power modules many cells are wired in series allowing current flows to be limited by the most shaded cell. Testing of various module types with and without bypass diodes were performed in accordance with the experimental protocols developed at Rowan University's Center for Sustainable design (CSD). I-V curves were obtained for a wide range of load impedances using a digital electronic load for both portrait and landscape modalities. Multiple test runs were performed at each shading increment for a single row of cells and the average I-V curve was calculated. Cell row shading was varied from 0-100% in 20 percent increments of cell row height. The study was conducted on multiple modules, covering the primary manufacturing types including: mono-crystalline, poly-crystalline and amorphous silicon. The results of this experimentation showed that the performance efficiency and functionality of by-pass diodes is highly dependent on the orientation of the PV modules. The circuital configuration of PV modules must be taken into consideration when designing a PV array. Depending on the orientation, bypass diodes can be rendered completely ineffective to the point that single cell row shading can reduce power output of the module by as much as 92% and also result in permanent damage to the PV modules.
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