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Runtime Backdoor Detection for Federated Learning via Representational Dissimilarity Analysis

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xiyue Xue, Xiaoyong Du, Xiaoning Xie, Xiaofei Liu, Yang Sun, Meng University of Oxford Department of Computer Science United Kingdom Peking University Department of Information and Computing Science School of Mathematical Science China Monash University Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Australia Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore

Federated learning (FL), as a powerful learning paradigm, trains a shared model by aggregating model updates from distributed clients. However, the decoupling of model learning from local data makes FL highly vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where a single compromised client can poison the shared model. While recent progress has been made in backdoor detection, existing methods face challenges with detection accuracy and runtime effectiveness, particularly when dealing with complex model architectures. In this work, we propose a novel approach to detecting malicious clients in an accurate, stable, and efficient manner. Our method utilizes a sampling-based network representation method to quantify dissimilarities between clients, identifying model deviations caused by backdoor injections. We also propose an iterative algorithm to progressively detect and exclude malicious clients as outliers based on these dissimilarity measurements. Evaluations across a range of benchmark tasks demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detection accuracy and defense effectiveness. When deployed for runtime protection, our approach effectively eliminates backdoor injections with marginal overheads. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Learning-Aided Evolutionary Search and Selection for Scaling-up Constrained Multiobjective Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2024年 1-1页

作者： Liu, Songbai Wang, Zeyi Lin, Qiuzhen Li, Jianqiang Tan, Kay Chen College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong

The existing constrained multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs) still have great room for improvement in balancing populations convergence, diversity and feasibility on complex constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs). Besides, their effectiveness deteriorates dramatically when facing the CMOPs with scaling-up objective space or search space. We are thus motivated to design a learning-aided CMOEA with promising problem-solving ability and scalability for various CMOPs. In the proposed solver, two learning models are respectively trained online on constrained-ignored task and feasibility-first task, which are then used to learn the two improvement-based vectors for enhancing the search by differential evolution. In addition, the union population of parent and child solutions is divided into multiple subsets with a hierarchical clustering based on cosine similarity. A comprehensive indicator, considering objective-based performance and constraint violation degree of a solution, is developed to select the representative solution from each cluster. The effectiveness of the proposed optimizer is verified by solving the CMOPs with various irregular Pareto fronts, the number of objectives ranging from 2 to 15, and the dimensionality of search space scaling up to 1000. IEEE

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Smart Energy Management System Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 959-973页

作者： Ali Sheraz Akram Sagheer Abbas Muhammad Adnan Khan Atifa Athar Taher M.Ghazal Hussam Al Hamadi School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration&EconomicsLahore54000Pakistan Riphah School of Computing&Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Department of SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnamGyeonggido13120Korea Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan School of Information Technology Skyline University CollegeSharjah1797United Arab Emirates Network and Communication Technology Lab Center for Cyber SecurityFaculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangor43600Malaysia College of Engineering and IT University of DubaiDubaiUnited Arab Emirates

Energy management is an inspiring domain in developing of renewable energy ***,the growth of decentralized energy production is revealing an increased complexity for power grid managers,inferring more quality and reliability to regulate electricity flows and less imbalance between electricity production and *** major objective of an energy management system is to achieve optimum energy procurement and utilization throughout the organization,minimize energy costs without affecting production,and minimize environmental *** energy management is an essential and complex subject because of the excessive consumption in residential buildings,which necessitates energy optimization and increased user *** address the issue of energy management,many researchers have developed various frameworks;while the objective of each framework was to sustain a balance between user comfort and energy consumption,this problem hasn’t been fully solved because of how difficult it is to solve *** inclusive and Intelligent Energy Management System(IEMS)aims to provide overall energy efficiency regarding increased power generation,increase flexibility,increase renewable generation systems,improve energy consumption,reduce carbon dioxide emissions,improve stability,and reduce energy *** Learning(ML)is an emerging approach that may be beneficial to predict energy efficiency in a better way with the assistance of the Internet of Energy(IoE)*** IoE network is playing a vital role in the energy sector for collecting effective data and usage,resulting in smart resource *** this research work,an IEMS is proposed for Smart Cities(SC)using the ML technique to better resolve the energy management *** proposed system minimized the energy consumption with its intelligent nature and provided better outcomes than the previous approaches in terms of 92.11% accuracy,and 7.89% miss-rate.

关键词： Intelligent energy management system smart cities machine learning

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Attention-guided CenterNet deep learning approach for lung cancer detection

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109613-109613页

作者： Dawood, Hussain Nawaz, Marriam Ilyas, Muhammad U. Nazir, Tahira Javed, Ali School of Computing Skyline University College Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and Technology-Taxila Punjab 47050 Pakistan School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering and Computer Science Riphah International University Gulberg Green Campus Islamabad Pakistan

Lung cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, prompting ongoing research efforts to enhance early detection and diagnosis. Prior studies have identified key challenges in existing approaches, including limitations in feature extraction, interpretability, and computational efficiency. In response, this study introduces a novel deep learning (DL) framework, termed the Improved CenterNet approach, tailored specifically for lung cancer detection. The primary importance of this work lies in its innovative integration of ResNet-34 with an attention mechanism within the CenterNet architecture, addressing critical limitations identified in previous studies. By augmenting the base network with an attention mechanism, our framework offers improved feature extraction capabilities, enabling the model to learn relevant patterns associated with lung cancer amidst complex backgrounds and varying environmental conditions. This enhancement facilitates more accurate and interpretable predictions while reducing computational complexity and inference times. Through extensive experimental evaluations conducted on standard datasets, our proposed approach demonstrates promising results, highlighting its potential to advance the field of lung cancer detection and diagnosis. Specifically, we have acquired the precision, recall, and F1-Score of 99.89 %, 99.82 %, and 99.85 % on the LUNA-16 dataset, and 98.33 %, 98.02 %, and 98.17 % for the Kaggle data sample, respectively which is showing the efficacy of our approach. One limitation of the work is that it cannot effectively locate the samples with intense light variations. Therefore, future research work is focused on overcoming this challenge. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Lung cancer

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Optimized Flame Detection Using a YOLOv5 Neural Network

Optimized Flame Detection Using a YOLOv5 Neural Network

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2024 International Conference on computing, Robotics and System sciences, ICRSS 2024

作者： Karim, Shahid Ibrar, Muhammad Bilal, Anas Qadir, Akeel Bibi, Irfana School of Information Engineering Xi'an Eurasia University Xi'an710065 China Software College Shenyang Normal University Shenyang China College of Information Science and Technology Hainan Normal University Haikou571158 China Faculty of Computing and Information Technology University of Punjab Department of Computer Science Punjab Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511296

With the rising prevalence of smart homes, there's an increasing demand for comprehensive automation solutions to mitigate fire risks, especially when homeowners are absent or in homes with elderly residents. This study focuses on enhancing flame detection techniques, particularly for smaller, hard-to-detect fire sources. A customized Yolov5 neural network was developed to improve detection precision. This enhancement was facilitated using a dataset of over 2,000 images from lab camera observations and online platforms. These images were then manually labeled and clustered for anchor dimensions using the K-means++ algorithm. The CIOU and diou - nms techniques were integrated to optimize the network's performance. Upon training, the refined model was tested on the Jet Nano, revealing its high efficacy in flame detection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart homes

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Voice Enabled Intelligent Programming Assistant 4

Voice Enabled Intelligent Programming Assistant

引用

4th International Conference on Advancements in computing, ICAC 2022

作者： Wataketiya, Ravindu Chandrasiri, Navinda Kithsiri, Ramesh Malwatta, Hirush Nadeeshani, Madhuka Siriwardana, Samanthi Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398090

In modern era where software development is of vital importance, software developers are challenged with conditions like Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) which hinders their ability to work effectively. Furthermore, people with difficulties with using their hands also find it challenging to program in the traditional manner. As a solution, coding with one's voice has been experimented with, but current solutions lack interactivity and are harder to use and setup leaving much room for improvement in this domain. In this research work, by using input classifier models with accuracies over 90%, intent classifiers with accuracies over 70%, code parsing and various human computer interaction techniques, we developed a conversationally interactive, programming language agnostic, easy to setup and easy to use Voice Coding Assistant. This will potentially help a global audience of programmers to achieve their goals and improve productivity and lead a healthier life. We have named the system thus developed, "Venic". © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Development of Low Resource Machine Learning Models for Child Cognitive Ability Assessments 4

Development of Low Resource Machine Learning Models for Chil...

引用

4th International Conference on Advancements in computing, ICAC 2022

作者： Kahawanugoda, Adithya Gnanarathna, Kulanika Meegoda, Nilan Monarawila, Randika Samarasinghe, Pradeepa Lindamulage, Asiri Gawesha Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398090

Automated cognitive assessment tools are state-of-the-art in assessing cognition development. Due to the low availability of resources, building automated cognitive ability evaluation tools is challenging. This study focuses on developing machine learning models using a limited amount of data to assess Reasoning IQ, Knowledge IQ, Mental Chronometry and Attention-levels of Sinhala-speaking children between the age of 7 to 9 years. Our solution includes Sinhala speech recognition systems, image classification models, gaze estimation, blink count detection and facial expression recognition models to evaluate the above four cognitive ability measuring factors. Open domain speech recognition has been used to evaluate complex Sinhala child verbal responses and limited vocabulary responses were assessed using an end-to-end speech recognition system, respectively achieving 40.1% WER and 97.14% accuracy. Additionally, the image classification models for handwritten Sinhala letter recognition and two shape recognition models have gained 97%, 89% and 99% accuracy. The linear regression model for attention level evaluation that utilizes the inputs from a combination of eye-gaze estimation, facial expression recognition and blink rate detection models has gained 85% accuracy. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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R-TAP: A Cloud-Based Multi-Region Road Traffic Accident Severity Prediction Model

R-TAP: A Cloud-Based Multi-Region Road Traffic Accident Seve...

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IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications Conference (IEACon)

作者： Albe Bing Zhe Chai Bee Theng Lau Mark Kit Tsun Tee Chris McCarthy Faculty of Engineering Computing & Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Malaysia Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia

ISBN: (数字)9798350382976

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382983

The tremendous impact of road traffic accidents (RTAs) remains a global concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While most LMICs have limited budget to afford advanced traffic monitoring systems, it is necessary to develop feasible solutions for enhancing road safety in these regions. Recent studies have extensively explored the applicability of machine learning (ML) models to predict RTA severity in different regions. However, there is limited exploration of training and evaluating the performance of ML model from a multi-region perspective. Further investigation is also necessary to formulate a cost-effective implementation strategy for LMICs to deploy ML models for real-time prediction. Hence, this paper contributes by proposing R-TAP, which deploys a TabNet-based model on the cloud for multi-region RTA severity predictions. A web application is also developed to receive inputs and visualise the prediction results. The TabNet model is trained on a multi-region dataset consisting of 42 features, produced by combining the individual RTA datasets collected from Australia, Brazil, Ethiopia, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. Evaluation with random forest and multinomial logistic regression showed that TabNet can achieve performance comparable to random forest. It also has the highest area under the receiver operating characteristics at 0.8857. R-TAP is also simulated using testing samples as real-time input, with an overall execution time of 4.104s per prediction. It is considered satisfactory and is expected to be useful for emergency responders to make informed decisions. This solution is expected to support LMICs in their roadmap towards enhanced road safety. Future research is essential to improve the predictive power and include datasets from more regions for a more inclusive RTA severity prediction.

关键词： Training Visualization Receivers Predictive models Road traffic Road safety Real-time systems Random forests Accidents Testing

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SDN control plane security: Attacks and mitigation techniques 2021

SDN control plane security: Attacks and mitigation technique...

引用

4th International Conference on Networking, Information Systems and Security, NISS 2021

作者： Fatima, Kiran Zahoor, Kanwal Bawany, Narmeen Zakaria Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah University for Women

ISBN: (纸本)9781450388719

Traditional networks are complex and hard to manage due to many reasons such as manual configuration requirements of dedicated devices, lack of flexibility and a non-dynamic approach. To overcome these limitations and to meet the challenges of modern networks a new networking paradigm software Defined Networking (SDN) has been introduced. SDN presents a centralized and completely dynamic environment which provides flexibility and programmability in networks. It enables the network to be controlled centrally and intelligently using multiple software applications. SDN being in its infancy, brings along new challenges. Standardization of various interfaces, scalability, compatibility of contrasting or divergent networks, and vulnerability issues are few of them. This paper discusses various vulnerabilities and possible attacks on every layer of an SDN and focuses on control plane attacks. Further, it presents a comprehensive survey on numerous attacks on the brain of an SDN i.e. the control plane along with existing solutions. The study concludes that despite the challenges that are worth debating, SDN has many characteristics that make it an ideal candidate for future networks. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： Attacks on control plane SDN security software defined network (SDN) Vulnerabilities of SDN

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Smart UML - Assignment Management Tool for UML Diagrams 4

Smart UML - Assignment Management Tool for UML Diagrams

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4th International Conference on Advancements in computing, ICAC 2022

作者： Weerasinghe, D.N.H. Thiwanka, K.A.T. Jayasith, H.B.C. Onella Natalie, P.A.D. Samantha Rajapaksha, U.U. Karunasena, Anuradha Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398090

The great majority of manual processes have been automated in the current day. Nonetheless, there is no reliable approach for evaluating UML diagrams for plagiarism and correctness. Unified Modeling Language (UML) provides the basis for UML diagrams. UML Diagrams are typically used to graphically express a system's stakeholders, activities, objects, and classes to get a deep knowledge of a particular system. UML diagrams are widely used by industry experts as well as beginners. Class diagrams and use case diagrams are the most commonly used diagrams in UML. Though most Computer science-related students get assessed in UML modelling, diagram plagiarism isn't considered in most exams since it's a tedious task to perform. The proposed system automates capturing details in UML diagram components and generating a model answer from the given question scenario to compare the diagrams and calculate the plagiarism percentage with the correction percentage. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Unified Modeling Language

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