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Identifying the best machine learning algorithms for brain tumor segmentation, progression assessment, and overall survival prediction in the BRATS challenge

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Bakas, Spyridon Reyes, Mauricio Jakab, Andras Bauer, Stefan Rempfler, Markus Crimi, Alessandro Shinohara, Russell Takeshi Berger, Christoph Ha, Sung Min Rozycki, Martin Prastawa, Marcel Alberts, Esther Lipkova, Jana Freymann, John Kirby, Justin Bilello, Michel Fathallah-Shaykh, Hassan M. Wiest, Roland Kirschke, Jan Wiestler, Benedikt Colen, Rivka Kotrotsou, Aikaterini Lamontagne, Pamela Marcus, Daniel Milchenko, Mikhail Nazeri, Arash Weber, Marc-Andr Mahajan, Abhishek Baid, Ujjwal Gerstner, Elizabeth Kwon, Dongjin Acharya, Gagan Agarwal, Manu Alam, Mahbubul Albiol, Alberto Albiol, Antonio Albiol, Francisco J. Alex, Varghese Allinson, Nigel Amorim, Pedro H.A. Amrutkar, Abhijit Anand, Ganesh Andermatt, Simon Arbel, Tal Arbelaez, Pablo Avery, Aaron Azmat, Muneeza Pranjal, B. Bai, Wenjia Banerjee, Subhashis Barth, Bill Batchelder, Thomas Batmanghelich, Kayhan Battistella, Enzo Beers, Andrew Belyaev, Mikhail Bendszus, Martin Benson, Eze Bernal, Jose Bharath, Halandur Nagaraja Biros, George Bisdas, Sotirios Brown, James Cabezas, Mariano Cao, Shilei Cardoso, Jorge M. Carver, Eric N. Casamitjana, Adri Castillo, Laura Silvana Cat, Marcel Cattin, Philippe Cérigues, Albert Chagas, Vinicius S. Chandra, Siddhartha Chang, Yi-Ju Chang, Shiyu Chang, Ken Chazalon, Joseph Chen, Shengcong Chen, Wei Chen, Jefferson W. Chen, Zhaolin Cheng, Kun Choudhury, Ahana Roy Chylla, Roger Clrigues, Albert Colleman, Steven Colmeiro, Ramiro German Rodriguez Combalia, Marc Costa, Anthony Cui, Xiaomeng Dai, Zhenzhen Dai, Lutao Daza, Laura Alexandra Deutsch, Eric Ding, Changxing Dong, Chao Dong, Shidu Dudzik, Wojciech Eaton-Rosen, Zach Egan, Gary Escudero, Guilherme Estienne, Tho Everson, Richard Fabrizio, Jonathan Fan, Yong Fang, Longwei Feng, Xue Ferrante, Enzo Fidon, Lucas Fischer, Martin French, Andrew P. Fridman, Naomi Fu, Huan Fuentes, David Gao, Yaozong Gates, Evan Gering, David Gholami, Amir Gierke, Willi Glocker, Ben Gong, Mingming Gonzlez-Vill, Sandra Grosges, T. Guan, Yuanfang Guo, Sheng Gupta, Sudeep Han, Woo-Sup Han, Il Song Harmuth, Ko Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics University of Bern Bern Switzerland Center for MR-Research University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging Inselspital Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Bern University Hospital Bern Switzerland University Hospital of Zurich Zurich Switzerland Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Image-Based Biomedical Modeling Group Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Health System New YorkNY United States Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD21701 United States Cancer Imaging Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD20814 United States Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTX United States Department of Psychology Washington University St. LouisMO United States Neuroimaging Informatics and Analysis Center Washington University St. LouisMO United States Department of Radiology Washington University St. LouisMO United States Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology University Medical Center Rostock Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6 Rostock18057 Germany Tata Memorial Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology Nanded India NVIDIA Santa Clara

Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancies, with different degrees of aggressiveness, variable prognosis and various heterogeneous histologic sub-regions, i.e., peritumoral edematous/invaded tissue, necrotic core, active and non-enhancing core. This intrinsic heterogeneity is also portrayed in their radio-phenotype, as their sub-regions are depicted by varying intensity profiles disseminated across multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) scans, reflecting varying biological properties. Their heterogeneous shape, extent, and location are some of the factors that make these tumors difficult to resect, and in some cases inoperable. The amount of resected tumor is a factor also considered in longitudinal scans, when evaluating the apparent tumor for potential diagnosis of progression. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that accurate segmentation of the various tumor sub-regions can offer the basis for quantitative image analysis towards prediction of patient overall survival. This study assesses the state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methods used for brain tumor image analysis in mpMRI scans, during the last seven instances of the International Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge, i.e., 2012-2018. Specifically, we focus on i) evaluating segmentations of the various glioma sub-regions in pre-operative mpMRI scans, ii) assessing potential tumor progression by virtue of longitudinal growth of tumor sub-regions, beyond use of the RECIST/RANO criteria, and iii) predicting the overall survival from pre-operative mpMRI scans of patients that underwent gross total resection. Finally, we investigate the challenge of identifying the best ML algorithms for each of these tasks, considering that apart from being diverse on each instance of the challenge, the multi-institutional mpMRI BraTS dataset has also been a continuously evolving/growing dataset. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tumors

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IT'S TOO SOON TO CALL THIS THE ANTHROPOCENE

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IEEE SPECTRUM 2015年第6期52卷 28-28页

作者： Smil, Vaclav Department of Control and Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Zagreb Croatia

Many historians and even some scientists argue that we are living in the Anthropocene, a new epoch characterized by the human control of the biosphere. Next year the International Geological Congress will consider recognizing this name as the latest addition to the standard geological time scales. My reaction, echoing the Romans: Festina lente. Make haste slowly.

关键词： Natural gas Shale Electricity supply industry Power distribution planning Supply and demand Power system economics Power markets

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Enhancing quantum control by bootstrapping a quantum processor of 12 qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Lu, Dawei Li, Keren Li, Jun Katiyar, Hemant Park, Annie Jihyun Feng, Guanru Xin, Tao Li, Hang Long, Guilu Brodutch, Aharon Baugh, Jonathan Zeng, Bei Laflamme, Raymond Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Max-Planck-Institutfür Quantenoptik GarchingD-85748 Germany Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control Department of Physics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H6 Canada Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Guelph GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Waterloo ONN2L 2Y5 Canada

Accurate and efficient control of quantum systems is one of the central challenges for quantum information processing. Current state-of-the-art experiments rarely go beyond 10 qubits and in most cases demonstrate only limited control. Here we demonstrate control of a 12-qubit system, and show that the system can be employed as a quantum processor to optimize its own control sequence by using measurement-based feedback control (MQFC). The final product is a control sequence for a complex 12-qubit task: preparation of a 12-coherent state. The control sequence is about 10% more accurate than the one generated by the standard (classical) technique, showing that MQFC can correct for unknown imperfections. Apart from demonstrating a high level of control over a relatively large system, our results show that even at the 12-qubit level, a quantum processor can be a useful lab instrument. As an extension of our work, we propose a method for combining the MQFC technique with a twirling protocol, to optimize the control sequence that produces a desired Clifford gate. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum optics

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Toward Exploiting Access control Vulnerabilities within MongoDB Backend Web Applications

Toward Exploiting Access Control Vulnerabilities within Mong...

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IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Shuo Wen Yuan Xue Jing Xu Hongji Yang Xiaohong Li Wenli Song Guannan Si College of Computer and Control Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Centre for Creative Computing Bath Spa University Bath United Kingdom School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Shandong Jiaotong University Shandong China

Access control is an extremely important and error-prone practice during web application. The emergence of NoSQL databases and the flexible data models they bring impose new challenges on the implementation of access control within web applications. This paper presents Scout, a novel methodology for discovering access control vulnerabilities in existing web applications. Meanwhile (1) features of NoSQL database can be addressed and (2) neither application source code nor server-side session information from the developers is required. This paper implements a prototype of Scout, which targets MongoDB backend web applications. By automatically discovering the protocol layer in the web application stack, Scout introduces a data access operation model precisely representing the MongoDB actions performed in the web application, as well as inferring the access control policies. The prototype is shown to be able to identify comprehensive access control vulnerabilities in MongoDB backend web applications, and generate detailed report as the facilitator to manually fix the identified vulnerabilities.

关键词： Access control Data models Electronic mail Blogs Indexes Protocols

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A long range UHF RFID tag for metallic objects

A long range UHF RFID tag for metallic objects

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作者： Barbin, Manoel Vitório Yacoub, Michel Daoud Barbin, Silvio Ernesto Communications Department Faculty of Electrical and Computing Engineering University of Campinas Brazil Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department Polytechnic School of Engineering University of São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781934142301

The performance of passive UHF RFID tags, commonly available in the market, is significantly degraded when they are placed near a conducting surface. A possible solution to overcome this problem is to design tags based on PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) the performance of which is less sensitive to the presence of objects in its surroundings. This ability is mainly due to the existence of a ground plane inherent to its structure. In this paper, a PIFA is utilized in the design of a passive tag that can be used to identify metallic objects with medium to large dimensions. A new type of antenna feeder is presented with a slot in the radiating element where the RFID IC is attached. The maximum range of utilization, covering all licensed RFID UHF bands (860 to 960MHz), is in excess of 8m, according to simulations using a MoM based software, verified by practical measurements. Further results from simulation and measurements show that the tag can also be used attached to other materials with good performance.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Corrigendum to “Road detection algorithm for Autonomous Navigation Systems based on dark channel prior and vanishing point in complex road scenes” [Robot. Auton. Syst. 85 (2016) 1–11]

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Robotics and Autonomous Systems 2017年 88卷 202-202页

作者： Yong Li Weili Ding Xuguang Zhang Zhaojie Ju Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Department of Automation Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinghuangdao Hebei 066004 China College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning 110004 China School of Computing University of Portsmouth PO1 3HE UK

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Addressing Security in the ATM Environment: From Identification to Validation of Security Countermeasures with Introduction of New Security Capabilities in the ATM System Context

Addressing Security in the ATM Environment: From Identificat...

引用

International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, ARES

作者： Patrizia Montefusco Rosana Casar Rainer Koelle Tim H. Stelkens-Kobsch Traffic Control System Engineering LEONARDO Naples Italy School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Lancaster United Kindom Department of Transport and Information Technology ISDEFE Madrid Spain Institute of Flight Guidance German Aerospace Center (DLR) Braunschweig Germany

This paper addresses the full lifecycle of security countermeasures identified in the Security Risk Analysis of the future Air Traffic Management System (ATM). The process establishes new security functions identified in the GAMMA project [1] and their implementations in order to ensure acceptable levels of security for ATM. In this project, ATM Security is addressed by focusing on two dimensions defined by Single European Sky ATM Research [2]: establishing a collaborative support capability by defining a framework embracing three-levels for Security Management (i.e. European, National, and Local) and developing security measures for the self-protection/resilience of the ATM Systems by exploiting automated security-related functions to handle potential threats. This paper concentrates on the second dimension and how the countermeasures are identified, implemented and developed in prototypes. The prototypes will then be validated in an operational scenario, through the new concept introduced by the project. The reader will be accompanied through a practical example of the whole process on how ATM Security needs have been identified. The objective is to protect the core ATM Security functionalities (Primary Assets) and corresponding Supporting Assets. We identified 44 of the most feared threat scenarios in terms of impact on the SESAR Key Performance Areas (KPA). The threat scenario described in this paper is "False ATCO", affecting the Supporting Asset "Voice system". The developed prototype is "SACom" (Secure ATC Communication) that considers the security countermeasures identified in the risk treatment analysis to reduce the risks. The paper concludes with the description of the activities planned for validating the SACom prototype as part of the proposed global solution.

关键词： Europe Security management Prototypes Navigation Risk management Stakeholders

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Variable selection in identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system

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control Theory and Technology 2015年第1期13卷 1-16页

作者： Er-Wei BAI Wenxiao ZHAO Weixing ZHENG Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa School of Electronics Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's UniversityBelfast U.K. Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics University of Western Sydney

The problem of variable selection in system identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system is described. The inherent difficulty, the curse of dimensionality, is introduced. Then its connections to various topics and research areas are briefly discussed, including order determination, pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning, statistical regression and manifold embedding. Finally, some results of variable selection in system identification in the recent literature are presented.

关键词： System identification variable selection nonlinear non-parametric system curse of dimensionality

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Metric for attractor overlap

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ishar, Rishabh Kaiser, Eurika Morzynski, Marek Fernex, Daniel Semaan, Richard Albers, Marian Meysonnat, Pascal S. Schröder, Wolfgang Noack, Bernd R. Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh160012 India University of Washington Department of Mechanical Engineering Stevens Way Box 352600 SeattleWA98195 United States Poznan University of Technology Chair of Virtual Engineering Jana Pawla II 24 PoznanPL 60-965 Poland Institut für Strömungsmechanik Technische Universität Braunschweig Hermann-Blenk-Str. 37 Braunschweig38108 Germany Institute of Aerodynamics RWTH Aachen University Wüllnerstr. 5a Aachen52062 Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich JARA-High-Performance Computing Jülich52425 Germany Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mecanique et les Sciences de l'Ingenieur LIMSI-CNRS Rue John von Neumann Campus Universitaire d'Orsay Bat 508 Orsay Cedex91403 France Technische Universität Berlin Müller-Breslau-Strae 8 Berlin10623 Germany Institute for Turbulence-Noise-Vibration Interaction and Control Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Campus China

We present the first general metric for attractor overlap (MAO) facilitating an unsupervised comparison of flow data sets. The starting point is two or more attractors, i.e., ensembles of states representing different operating conditions. The proposed metric generalizes the standard Hilbert-space distance between two snapshots to snapshot ensembles of two attractors. A reduced-order analysis for big data and many attractors is enabled by coarse-graining the snapshots into representative clusters with corresponding centroids and population probabilities. For a large number of attractors, MAO is augmented by proximity maps for the snapshots, the centroids, and the attractors, giving scientifically interpretable visual access to the closeness of the states. The coherent structures belonging to the overlap and disjoint states between these attractors are distilled by few representative *** employ MAO for two quite different actuated flow configurations: A two-dimensional wake with vortices in a narrow frequency range and three-dimensional wall turbulence with broadband spectrum. In the first application, seven control laws are applied to the uidic pinball, i.e., the two-dimensional flow around three circular cylinders whose centers form an equilateral triangle pointing in the upstream direction. These seven operating conditions comprise unforced shedding, boat tailing, base bleed, high- and low-frequency forcing as well as two opposing Magnus effects. In the second example, MAO is applied to three-dimensional simulation data from an open-loop drag reduction study of a turbulent boundary layer. The actuation mechanisms of 38 spanwise traveling transversal surface waves are investigated. MAO compares and classifies these actuated flows in agreement with physical intuition. For instance, the first feature coordinate of the attractor proximity map correlates with drag for the uidic pinball and for the turbulent boundary layer. MAO has a large spectrum of potential

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Positively invariant manifolds: concept and applications

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期811卷

作者： Sergei S. Sazhin Elena Shchepakina Vladimir Sobolev Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories Advanced Engineering Centre School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4GJ UK Department of Technical Cybernetics Samara National Research University 34 Moskovskoye shosse Samara 443086 Russia Department of Differential Equations and Control Theory Samara National Research University 34 Moskovskoye shosse Samara 443086 Russia

In many applications of the system order reduction models, including those focused on spray ignition and combustion processes, it is assumed that all functions in corresponding differential equations are Lipschitzian. This assumption has not been checked in most cases and the cases when these functions were non-Lipschitzian have sometimes been overlooked. This allows us to question the results of application of the conventional theory of integral manifolds to some such systems. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that even in the case of singular perturbed systems with non-Lipschitzian nonlinearities the order reduction can be performed, using a new concept of positively invariant manifolds. This is illustrated by several examples including the problem of heating, evaporation, ignition and combustion of Diesel fuel sprays.

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