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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Hu, Zhe Chan, Hou Pong Li, Jing Yin, Yu Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong DAMO Academy Alibaba Group China Research Centre for Data Science & Artificial Intelligence Hong Kong Department of Computer and Data Sciences Case Western Reserve University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Writing arguments is a challenging task for both humans and machines. It entails incorporating high-level beliefs from various perspectives on the topic, along with deliberate reasoning and planning to construct a coherent narrative. Current language models often generate outputs autoregressively, lacking explicit integration of these underlying controls, resulting in limited output diversity and coherence. In this work, we propose a persona-based multi-agent framework for argument writing. Inspired by the human debate, we first assign each agent a persona representing its high-level beliefs from a unique perspective, and then design an agent interaction process so that the agents can collaboratively debate and discuss the idea to form an overall plan for argument writing. Such debate process enables fluid and nonlinear development of ideas. We evaluate our framework on argumentative essay writing. The results show that our framework generates more diverse and persuasive arguments by both automatic and human evaluations. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Seer: Accelerating Block chain Transaction Execution by Fine-Grained Branch Prediction 51st

Seer: Accelerating Block chain Transaction Execution by Fine...

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51st International Conference on Very Large data Bases, VLDB 2025

作者： Zhang, Shijie Cheng, Ru Liu, Xinpeng Xiao, Jiang Jin, Hai Li, Bo National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Increasingly popular decentralized applications (dApps) with complex application logic incur significant overhead for executing smart contract transactions, which greatly limits public block chain performance. Pre-executing transactions off the critical path can mitigate substantial I/O and computation costs during execution. However, pre-execution does not yield any state transitions, rendering the system state inconsistent with actual execution. This inconsistency can lead to deviations in pre-execution paths when processing smart contracts with multiple state-related branches, thus diminishing pre-execution effectiveness. In this paper, we develop Seer, a novel public block chain execution engine that incorporates fine-grained branch prediction to fully exploit pre-execution effectiveness. Seerpredicts state-related branches using a two-level prediction approach, reducing inconsistent execution paths more efficiently than executing all possible branches. To enable effective reuse of pre execution results, Seer employs checkpoint-based fast-path execution, enhancing transaction execution for both successful and unsuccessful predictions. Evaluations with realistic block chain workloads demonstrate that Seer delivers an average of 27.7× transaction-level speedup and an overall 20.6× speedup in the execution phase over vanilla Ethereum, outperforming existing block chain execution acceleration solutions. © 2025, VLDB Endowment, All rights reserved.

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Explainable AI in Blockchain System for Decentralized Governance

Explainable AI in Blockchain System for Decentralized Govern...

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2025 International Conference on Pervasive Computational Technologies, ICPCT 2025

作者： Chahar, Suman Kaur, Kawaljit Kaswan, Kuldeep Singh Dhatterwal, Jagjit Singh University Institute of Computing Chandigarh University Mohali India Galgotias University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Greater Noida India Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Andhra Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508685

Decentralized governance is going through radical changes due to the innovative use of blockchain which allows decisions to be made in a transparent, secure and more im- portantly, immutable way, without the authority of a single individual or party. Thus, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in blockchain governing systems complicates such thing as transparency and trust, especially in the case of deep AI systems. But more on this later - this is where Explainable AI or XAI comes into the picture. XAI methods enable understanding of the reasons behind the choices made by AI models and solves the "black box"problem that is predominant in machine learn- ing. When applied to decentralised governance, XAI provides clarifications of AI's decision making in such areas as voting, resource distribution and the enactment of smart contracts. This way, the stakeholders are confident that the decision-making is fair and impartial and this is made possible by the use of XAI. This paper aims to find out more about the applicability of XAI concept in blockchain -based governance systems in terms of bias and fairness in automated decisions and explanation of the decisions made. The reasons why interpretability plays the crucial role in decentralized systems are explained with the help of the comparison between the classical artificial intelligence and the Xin Intelligent. The study also looks at various use cases such as, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), and voting systems implemented on blockchain platforms and how XAI can enhance the performance of the governance systems. As this study shows, XAI is vital in building trust, improving responsibility, and guaranteeing balanced majorities in decentralized blockchain governance structures. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Innovative Video Classification Method based on Deep Learning Approach

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Recent Patents on Engineering 2025年第2期19卷 95-107页

作者： Hemamalini, V. Jayasutha, D. Vinothini, V.R. Devi, R. Manjula Kumar, A. Anitha, E. Department of Networking and Communications School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Arjun College of Technology Coimbatore Thamaraikulam India Department of Mathematics Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam Erode638401 India Department of Computer Science and Design Kongu Engineering College Perundurai Erode638060 India Department of Civil Engineering University Institute of Engineering & Technology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak124001 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Coimbatore641202 India

Background: The automated classification of videos through artificial neural networks is addressed in this work. To explore the concepts and measure the results, the data set UCF101 is used, consisting of video clips taken from YouTube to recognize actions. The study is carried out with the authors' resources to determine the feasibility of independent research in the area. Methods: This work was developed in the Python programming language using the Keras library with Tensorflow as the back-end. The objective is to develop a network that presents performance compatible with the state of the art in terms of classifying videos according to the actions taken. Results: Given the hardware limitations, there is considerable distance between the implementation possibilities in this work and what is known as the state-of-the-art. Conclusion: Throughout the work, some aspects in which this limitation influenced the development are presented, but it is shown that this realization is feasible and that obtaining expressive results is possible 98.6% accuracy is obtained in the UCF101 data set, compared to the 98 percentage points of the best result ever reported, using, however, considerably fewer resources. In addition, the importance of transfer learning in achieving expressive results as well as the different performances of each architecture are reviewed. Thus, this work may open doors to carry patent-based outcomes. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Hierarchical Taxonomy For Deep State Space Models

A Hierarchical Taxonomy For Deep State Space Models

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Tang, Shiqin Feng, Pengxing Yu, Shujian Dong, Yining Qin, S. Joe Department of Data Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Artificial Intelligence Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Computing and Decision Science Lingnan University Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Modeling nonlinear dynamical systems is a challenging task in fields such as speech processing, music generation, and video prediction. This paper introduces a hierarchical framework for Deep State Space Models (DSSMs), categorizing them by their conditional independence properties and Markov assumptions and positioning existing models within this framework, including the Stochastic Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN), Variational Recurrent Neural Network (VRNN), and Recurrent State Space Model (RSSM). We discuss different options for the inference networks and demonstrate how integrating normalizing flows can enhance model flexibility by capturing complex distributions. Our work not only clarifies the relationships among existing models but also paves the way for the development of new, more effective approaches for modeling nonlinear dynamics. In particular, we propose the Autoregressive State Space Model (ArSSM) and evaluate its effectiveness in speech and polyphonic music modeling tasks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Deep State Space Models Dynamical Variational Autoencoders Hierarchical Taxonomy Normalizing Flows

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Automated AI-Powered Fruit Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network

Automated AI-Powered Fruit Identification Using Convolutiona...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Sai Tejasree, K. Surendran, R. Rajakumar, B. Gomathi, R.M. Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India J.N.N Institute of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India School of Computing Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798331509828

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Clever system that can look at pictures of fruits and figure out what kind of fruit each picture shows. AI algorithms like deep learning, which is like giving the Machine learning model a crash course in fruit recognition. This method teaches the ML Model we clearly explained the Model using application's agent using PEAS and the application's task environment using the 6 dimensions by showing it tons of fruit images, so over time, it gets really good at spotting the differences and similarities between, say, a banana and a grape. We also used another technique called pattern recognition, which helps the computer pay attention to specific details like the fruit's color, shape, size and texture. Overcoming multiple obstacles in order to automatically identify the type of fruit from the picture. The variety of images is influencing the color, texture, and shape of many different types of fruits. When it came to fruit picture detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Algorithm outperformed standard support-vector-machine-based approaches using handcrafted features in terms of accuracy also, it is a lot faster to implement for new fruits. By integrating deep learning and pattern recognition techniques such as Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm we have got the accuracy of 84%, our system efficiently identified different fruit types from images, demonstrating the power and effectiveness of our methods. The goal of our project is to create a tool that can quickly and correctly identify many types of fruits in photos, which could be useful for things like sorting fruits in a grocery store or helping people learn about different fruits by using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm. This is not just about teaching a computer to recognize fruits;it is about making technology that can understand and interact with the world in a way that is helpful to us. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Quantifying the Impact of Population Shift Across Age and Sex for Abdominal Organ Segmentation 2nd

Quantifying the Impact of Population Shift Across Age and...

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2nd International Workshop on Fairness of AI in Medical Imaging, FAIMI 2024, and 3rd International Workshop on Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical Imaging, EPIMI 2024, Held in Conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image computing and Computer Assisted Interventions, MICCAI 2024

作者： Čevora, Kate Glocker, Ben Bai, Wenjia Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London London United Kingdom Data Science Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783031727863

Deep learning-based medical image segmentation has seen tremendous progress over the last decade, but there is still relatively little transfer into clinical practice. One of the main barriers is the challenge of domain generalisation, which requires segmentation models to maintain high performance across a wide distribution of image data. This challenge is amplified by the many factors that contribute to the diverse appearance of medical images, such as acquisition conditions and patient characteristics. The impact of shifting patient characteristics such as age and sex on segmentation performance remains relatively under-studied, especially for abdominal organs, despite that this is crucial for ensuring the fairness of the segmentation model. We perform the first study to determine the impact of population shift with respect to age and sex on abdominal CT image segmentation, by leveraging two large public datasets, and introduce a novel metric to quantify the impact. We find that population shift is a challenge similar in magnitude to cross-dataset shift for abdominal organ segmentation, and that the effect is asymmetric and dataset-dependent. We conclude that dataset diversity in terms of known patient characteristics is not necessarily equivalent to dataset diversity in terms of image features. This implies that simple population matching to ensure good generalisation and fairness may be insufficient, and we recommend that fairness research should be directed towards better understanding and quantifying medical image dataset diversity in terms of performance-relevant characteristics such as organ morphology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Prediction of AIDS/HIV Infection using Custom Artificial Neural Networks Model 1

Prediction of AIDS/HIV Infection using Custom Artificial Neu...

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1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks, ICISCN 2025

作者： Sneha, B.J. Shriyashreshta Kodipalli, Ashwini Martis, Roshan Joy Ushasree, A. Devamane, Shridhar B. Global Academy of Technology Department of Ai & Data Science Bangalore India Manipal Institute of Technology Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Bangalore India Gokaraju Lailavathi Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Hyderabad India Amrita Vishwavidyapeetam School of Computing Department of Cs Mysuru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529246

HIV is a serious disease that impairs immunity. Without treatment, the infection may progress through three stages, which might drastically shorten a person's life. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are utilized to detect the HIV infection and even to find treatments for it. The AIDS viral infection is predicted in this review. The aim of ANN is to precisely classify patients according to whether or not they have HIV/AIDS. We have formed a custom ANN model and applied it to the Kaggle dataset that is accessible to the public, compared which optimizers offer the best accuracy and whether employing dropouts yields improved accuracy. With Gradient Descent, we achieved the maximum accuracy of 86.92% it is also one of the most commonly used optimizers due to its simplicity and effectiveness, followed by SGD with 86.45% it is a variation of gradient descent in which a random subset of data as opposed to the complete dataset is used to update the parameter and RMSprop with 86.21% uses the average of recent gradient magnitudes to modify the learning rate for each parameter. This aids with training stabilization, particularly when dealing with sparse or noisy data. The accuracy increased to 87.62% after we introduced dropouts to the hidden layer with optimizer as gradient descent, which produced the best results. Loss vs. Accuracy graphs and ROC curve have been plotted. With dropouts, the custom ANN model performed even better on the Gradient Descent optimizer. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： ANN dropouts HIV/AIDS optimizers

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Air Pollutant Prediction Using Shallow Architecture Machine Learning Algorithms 8th

Air Pollutant Prediction Using Shallow Architecture Machine ...

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8th World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems Security and Sustainability, WorldS4 2024

作者： Olaifa, Moses Malele, Vusumuzi Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of ICT Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Unit of Data Science and Computing Vaal Campus North-West University Vanderbijlpark South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9789819786947

Over the past few decades, mortality rates associated with air quality pollution have risen in numerous countries around the globe. This pollution stems from different factors such as meteorological conditions, human activities from urban industrialization, vehicular emission, and so on. Air pollution constituents such as NO2, CO, SO, and coarse and fine particulate matter for different locations have been analyzed to learn both correlation and inter-dependency for long and short terms. However, many of these studies overlook datasets collected using low-cost tools and equipment. Most of the time, datasets of this nature are marred with inconsistencies and gaps at irregular intervals. This may render the air pollutant data unsuitable. In order to test the suitability of machine learning algorithms on such dataset, this study conducts a time-series forecast analysis using the prophet algorithm. Two additional models including linear regressor and random forest regressor are trained and tested on the same dataset and a comparative analysis of the three models is performed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Is Your Style Transfer Doing Anything Useful? An Investigation into Hippocampus Segmentation and the Role of Preprocessing 7th

Is Your Style Transfer Doing Anything Useful? An Investigati...

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7th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging, MLCN 2024, Held in Conjunction with 27th International Conference on Medical Image computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Kalabizadeh, Hoda Griffanti, Ludovica Yeung, Pak-Hei Voets, Natalie Gillis, Grace Mackay, Clare Namburete, Ana IL Dinsdale, Nicola K. Kamnitsas, Konstantinos Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783031787607

Brain atrophy assessment in MRI, particularly of the hippocampus, is commonly used to support diagnosis and monitoring of dementia. Consequently, there is a demand for accurate automated hippocampus quantification. Most existing segmentation methods have been developed and validated on research datasets and, therefore, may not be appropriate for clinical MR images and populations, leading to potential gaps between dementia research and clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the performance of segmentation models trained on research data that were style-transferred to resemble clinical scans. Our results highlighted the importance of intensity normalisation methods in MRI segmentation, and their relation to domain shift and style-transfer. We found that whilst normalising intensity based on min and max values, commonly used in generative MR harmonisation methods, may create a need for style transfer, Z-score normalisation effectively maintains style consistency, and optimises performance. Moreover, we show for our datasets spatial augmentations are more beneficial than style harmonisation. Thus, emphasising robust normalisation techniques and spatial augmentation significantly improves MRI hippocampus segmentation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Clinical research

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