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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Faisal T. Abu-Nimeh Mehdi Aghagolzadeh Karim G. Oweiss Neural Systems Engineering Laboratory Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

Recent research in brain machine interface (BMI) has shown that cortical implants can record and wirelessly transmit neural activity to external workstations for further processing, spike sorting, and decoding. In order to reduce complexity, bandwidth, and power consumption of such systems we introduce a miniaturized real-time spike sorting VLSI architecture that is to very low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). This completely eliminates any external spike sorting dependencies, thus, bringing the entire system one step closer to be all integrated and fully implanted. The algorithm used in this architecture exploits three features to achieve better classification and real-time sorting: the spatial neuronal distribution across electrodes, the temporal and spectral information in the spike waveforms from individual neurons, and hardware limitations imposed by the size of the implant.

关键词： Sorting Implants Workstations Decoding Bandwidth Energy consumption Real time systems Very large scale integration Signal to noise ratio Electrodes

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Preliminary Intelligibility Tests of a Monaural Speech Segregation System

Preliminary Intelligibility Tests of a Monaural Speech Segre...

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2008 ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop on Statistical and Perceptual Audio Processing, SAPA 2008

作者： Hu, Ke Divenyi, Pierre Ellis, Dan Jin, Zhaozhang Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G. Wang, Deliang Department of Computer Science & Engineering Center for Cognitive Science The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Speech and Hearing Research VA Medical Center MartinezCA94553 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Departments of Cognitive & Neural Systems and Biomedical Engineering Boston University BostonMA02215 United States

Human listeners are able to understand speech in the presence of a noisy background. How to simulate this perceptual ability remains a great challenge. This paper describes a preliminary evaluation of intelligibility of the output of a monaural speech segregation system. The system performs speech segregation in two stages. The first stage segregates voiced speech using supervised learning of harmonic features, and the second stage segregates unvoiced speech by subtracting noise energy that is estimated from voiced intervals and onset/offset based segmentation. Objective evaluation in terms of the match to ideal binary time-frequency masks shows substantial improvements. Tests with human subjects indicate that the system improves intelligibility for young listeners when the input SNR is very low, but does not aid elderly listeners. This preliminary evaluation identifies aspects of the system that should be improved in order to produce consistent improvement in intelligibility in noisy environments. © 2008 ITRW on Statistical and Perceptual Audio Processing, SAPA 2008. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

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A High-Temperature Capable Planar-type Coaxial Probe for Complex Permittivity Measurements Up to 40GHz

A High-Temperature Capable Planar-type Coaxial Probe for Com...

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2007 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS 2007), vol.2

作者： Namgon Kim Jeonghoon Yoon Dongki Kim Jeiwon Cho Changyul Cheon Youngwoo Kwon Center for 3-D Millimeter-Wave Integrated Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Center for Neural Science Division of Life Sciences Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Seoul Seoul South Korea

A planar-type probe applicable to a wide temperature and frequency range has been developed. The probe employs a low CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) dielectric material to minimize the effect of thermal expansion for high temperature measurement. Additionally, the coaxial aperture dimensions have been optimized through sensitivity analysis to minimize the uncertainty of the extracted complex permittivity due to variations of the measured S-parameters. Also, the error correction method was used at extreme temperatures to compensate for the effects of the excessive thermal expansion. For validation, distilled water was measured from 0℃ to 100℃ in the frequency range of 0.5～40GHz. The measured complex permittivity shows good agreement with the reference data up to 75℃ without the error correction and up to the boiling point (92℃) with the error correction. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of low-cost planar-type probes capable of high temperature operation.

关键词： Coaxial aperture Complex permittivity High temperature Planar-type probe Thermal expansion

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Power-conserving routing of ad hoc mobile wireless networks based on entropy-constrained algorithms

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Ad Hoc Networks 2006年第1期4卷 24-35页

作者： Karayiannis, Nicolaos B. Nadella, Sreekanth Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204-4005 United States Wireless Facilities Inc. Reston VA 20190 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Technical Chamber of Greece Wireless Facilities Inc.

This paper presents an approach to power-conserving routing of ad hoc mobile wireless networks. This approach relies on entropy-constrained routing algorithms, which were developed by utilizing the information-theoretic concept of the entropy to gradually reduce the uncertainty associated with route discovery through a deterministic annealing process. Entropy-constrained routing algorithms were tested using a single performance metric related to the distance between the nodes and to the power consumption associated with packet transmission. This paper also expands the versatility of entropy-constrained routing algorithms by making them capable of discovering routes based on multiple performance metrics. In this study, the second performance metric employed for route discovery relied on the power availability in the nodes of the network. The proposed routing approach was evaluated in terms of the power consumption associated with the routing of packets over an ad hoc mobile network in a variety of operating conditions. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telecommunication networks

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Significance of Pacemaker vs. Non-Pacemaker Neurons in an Excitatory Rhythmic Network

Significance of Pacemaker vs. Non-Pacemaker Neurons in an Ex...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Liston K. Purvis Terrence M. Wright Jeffrey C. Smith Robert J. Butera Laboratory for Neuroengineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Biology Emory University Atlanta GA USA Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section Laboratory of Neural Control NINDS-National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Laboratory for Neuroengineering and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This modeling study investigates the functional role of pacemaker neurons in generating stable rhythms in the pre-Botzinger complex, a subcircuit of the respiratory pattern-generating circuitry in mammals. While the presence of pacemakers within the network is without doubt, the percentage and significance of such pacemakers is still unresolved. Here we revisited earlier network simulations by varying the fraction of pacemaker and non-pacemaker neurons within the network, and quantifying the robustness of the input parameter space and range of frequencies output by the network. Stable network rhythms were possible even with no pacemakers. However, we found that a network of at least 50% pacemakers produced the greatest range of output frequencies and had the more robust input space

关键词： Pacemakers Neurons Frequency Rhythm Robustness Circuits Laboratories neural engineering Cities and towns USA Councils

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Faster graph-theoretic image processing via small-world and quadtree topologies

Faster graph-theoretic image processing via small-world and ...

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： L. Grady E.L. Schwartz Imaging and Visualization Department Siemens AG Corporate Research and Development Princeton NJ USA Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems Boston university Boston MA USA Department of Congnitive and Neural Systems and Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA

Numerical methods associated with graph-theoretic image processing algorithms often reduce to the solution of a large linear system. We show here that choosing a topology that yields a small graph diameter can greatly speed up the numerical solution. As a proof of concept, we examine two image graphs that preserve local connectivity of the nodes (pixels) while drastically reducing the graph diameter. The first is based on a "small-world" modification of a standard 4-connected lattice. The second is based on a quadtree graph. Using a recently described graph- theoretic image processing algorithm we show that large speed-up is achieved with a minimal perturbation of the solution when these graph topologies are utilized. We suggest that a variety of similar algorithms may also benefit from this approach.

关键词： Image processing Topology Linear systems Pixel Lattices

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Ad hoc wireless networks with noisy links

Ad hoc wireless networks with noisy links

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： L. Booth J. Bruck M. Cook M. Franceschetti Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology USA Department of Computer and Neural Systems California Institute of Technology USA Department of Elec. Engineering and Computer Science s University of California Berkeley USA

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Adaptation of current signals with floating-gate circuits

Adaptation of current signals with floating-gate circuits

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作者： Pesavento, Alberto Horiuchi, Timothy Diorio, Chris Koch, Christof Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-2350 United States Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 United States

In this paper we present a new, adaptive spatial-derivative circuit for CMOS image sensors. The circuit removes its offset as a natural part of its operation using a combination of electron tunneling and hot-electron injection to add or remove charge on a floating-gate of an auto-zeroing amplifier. We designed, fabricated and successfully tested a chip with the circuit. Test results show that the circuit reduces the offsets by more than an order of magnitude.

关键词： Image sensors

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State space blind source recovery for mixtures of multiple source distributions

State space blind source recovery for mixtures of multiple s...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： K. Waheed F.M. Salam Circuits Systems and Artificial Neural Networks Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

The paper discusses state space blind source recovery (BSR) for minimum phase and non-minimum phase mixtures of Gaussian and non-Gaussian distributions. The state space natural gradient approach results in compact iterative update laws for BSR. Two separate state space algorithms for minimum phase and non-minimum phase mixing environments are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of both algorithms in the context of multiple source distribution mixtures are examined. The presented BSR algorithms require use of nonlinearities, which depend on the distribution of the unknown sources. We propose use of an adaptive nonlinearity based on the batch kurtosis of the output. This renders the adaptive estimation of the demixing network completely blind.

关键词： State-space methods Signal processing algorithms Iterative algorithms Gaussian distribution Circuits Artificial neural networks Laboratories Iterative methods Adaptive estimation Adaptive signal processing

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Texture based look-ahead for decision-tree induction 2nd

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2nd International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition, ICAPR 2001

作者： Dong, Ming Kothari, Ravi Artificial Neural Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540417672

Decision tree induction corresponds to partitioning the input space through the use of internal nodes. A node attempts to classify the instances misclassified by upper level nodes using a greedy search strategy, i.e. to maximize the number of instances correctly classified at the node. However, in so doing it is possible that the distribution of the remaining (misclassified) instances is complex thereby requiring a large number of additional nodes for classification. The so-called look-ahead method was proposed to examine the classifiability of the remaining instances. Typically, this is done using a classifier parameterized identically (e.g. hyperplane) to the one used for partitioning. The number of correct classification achieved in the look-ahead stage is factored in choosing the partition established at a node. This has led to mixed results. In this paper we argue that 1-step (or a few step) look-ahead amounts to an approximate estimate of the classifiability of the remaining instances. In many cases, it is gross approximation and hence the results are mixed. We present an alternative approach to look-ahead which uses the joint probability of occurrence of the classes as a way of characterizing the classifiability of the remaining instances. We present the algorithm and some experimental results. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001.

关键词： Decision trees

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