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MM-UKAN++: A Novel Kolmogorov–Arnold Network-Based U-Shaped Network for Ultrasound Image Segmentation

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency control 2025年第4期72卷 498-514页

作者： Zhang, Boheng Huang, Haorui Shen, Yi Sun, Mingjian Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Control Science and Engineering Heilongjiang Harbin150001 China Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Convergence IT Engineering Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Harbin Institute of Technology Suzhou Research Institute Jiangsu Suzhou215000 China Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Weihai264200 China Harbin Institute of Technology Shandong Weihai264200 China Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices Shandong Weihai264209 China

Ultrasound (US) imaging is an important and commonly used medical imaging modality. Accurate and fast automatic segmentation of regions of interest (ROIs) in US images is essential for enhancing the efficiency of clinical and robot-assisted diagnosis. However, US images suffer from low contrast, fuzzy boundaries, and significant scale variations in ROIs. Existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based and transformer-based methods struggle with model efficiency and explainability. To address these challenges, we introduce MM-UKAN++, a novel U-shaped network based on Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KANs). MM-UKAN++ leverages multilevel KAN layers as the encoder and decoder within the U-network architecture and incorporates an innovative multidimensional attention mechanism to refine skip connections by weighting features from frequency-channel and spatial perspectives. In addition, the network effectively integrates multiscale information, fusing outputs from different scale decoders to generate precise segmentation predictions. MM-UKAN++ achieves higher segmentation accuracy with lower computational cost and outperforms other mainstream methods on several open-source datasets for US image segmentation tasks, including achieving 69.42% IoU, 81.30% Dice, and 3.31 mm HD in the BUSI dataset with 3.17 G floating point of operations (FLOPs) and 9.90 M parameters. The excellent performance on our automatic carotid artery US scanning and diagnostic system further proves the speed and accuracy of MM-UKAN++. Besides, the good performance in other medical image segmentation tasks reveals the promising applications of MM-UKAN++. The code is available on GitHub. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Energy-Free Sensing and Context Recognition Using Photovoltaic Cells

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 15598-15611页

作者： Shintani, Kaede Rizk, Hamada Yamaguchi, Hirozumi Osaka University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Department of Information Networking Suita565-0871 Japan Tanta University Tanta31733 Egypt RIKEN Center for Computational Science Kobe650-0047 Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Department of Computer and Control Engineering Kobe650-0047 Japan

The field of energy-free sensing and context recognition has recently gained significant attention as it allows operating systems without external power sources. Photovoltaic cells can convert light energy into electrical energy to power sensing devices, but their power may not be sufficient to ensure energy-free sensing due to the varying power needs of sensors and high computational demands. In this article, we propose the use of photovoltaic cells as a standalone sensor for the recognition of different contexts, including user identification, step counting, and location tracking. The system utilizes the photocurrent readings generated by the photovoltaic cells to capture the unique mobility patterns of different users. By analyzing these patterns, the system can accurately identify the user, count the number of steps taken, and track the user’s location. We propose a computationally efficient dynamic time warping (DTW) to match the variable length sequences of photocurrent readings to a database of known patterns and identify the closest subject and location matches. The system was rigorously evaluated in a realistic environment, and the results indicate that it can accurately estimate step count, identify subjects, and localize them with an accuracy of 88%, 90%, and 43 cm, respectively. This is achieved while the proposed system is nonintrusive and can operate without external power sources, making it a promising technology for energy-free sensing and context recognition. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Photovoltaics

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Linear Convergent Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking With Compression

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IEEE Transactions on Automatic control 2025年第5期70卷 3316-3323页

作者： Chen, Xiaomeng Wu, Yuchi Yi, Xinlei Huang, Minyi Shi, Ling Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong Shanghai University School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai200444 China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Information & Decision Systems CambridgeMA02139 United States Carleton University School of Mathematics and Statistics OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

information compression techniques are majorly employed to reduce communication cost over peer-to-peer links. In this article, we investigate distributed Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problems in a class of noncooperative games over directed graphs with information compression. To improve communication efficiency, a compressed distributed NE seeking (C-DNES) algorithm is proposed to obtain an NE for games, where the differences between decision vectors and their estimates are compressed. The proposed algorithm is compatible with a general class of compressors, including both unbiased and biased compressors. Moreover, our approach only requires the adjacency matrix of the directed graph to be row-stochastic, in contrast to past works that relied on balancedness or specific global network parameters. It is shown that C-DNES not only inherits the advantages of conventional distributed NE algorithms, achieving linear convergence rate for games with restricted strongly monotone mappings, but also saves communication costs in terms of transmitted bits. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the advantages of C-DNES in saving communication cost by an order of magnitude under different compressors. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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NFV-Enabled Service Recovery in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks: A Matching Game-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 1732-1744页

作者： Jia, Ziye Cao, Yilu He, Lijun Li, Guangxia Zhou, Fuhui Wu, Qihui Han, Zhu Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing211106 China Xidian University State Key Laboratory of ISN Xian710071 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Information and Control Engineering Xuzhou221116 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

To achieve ubiquitous connectivity of the sixth generation communication, the space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) is a popular topic. However, the dynamic nodes in SAGIN such as satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, may be fragile and out of operation, which can potentially cause service failure. Therefore, the research on service recovery in SAGIN under situations of resource failure is critical. In order to facilitate the flexible resource utilization of SAGIN, the network function virtualization technology (NFV) is proposed to be employed. Firstly, the task management is transformed into the deployment of service function chains (SFCs). Then, we design an NFV-based SFC recovery model in SAGIN in the face of resource failure, so that tasks can quickly select alternative resources to complete deployments. Moreover, the problem of SFC recovery is formulated to minimize the total time consumption for all completed SFCs. Since it is an NP-hard integer linear programming problem, we propose the efficient recovery algorithm based on the matching game. Finally, via various simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its advantages are verified, where the total time consumption is optimized by about 25%, compared with other benchmark methods. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Network function virtualization

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Dynamic Quantized control of Fuzzy Semi-Markov Jump Systems With Fading Channels: An Improved Event-Triggered Mechanism

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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 2025年第5期55卷 3519-3531页

作者： Hu, Meng-Jie Park, Ju H. Cheng, Jun Wang, Yan-Wu China University of Mining and Technology School of Information and Control Engineering Xuzhou221116 China Yeungnam University Department of Electrical Engineering Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of Guangxi Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Guilin541006 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China

This article focuses on the dynamic quantized control for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems (T-S FSMJSs) under fading channels and deception attacks, employing an improved event-triggered mechanism (ETM) strategy. Specifically, a more generalized semi-Markov process (SMP) that is governed by a higher-level deterministic switching signal (HLDSS) is addressed. A novel dynamic ETM is skillfully developed based on the information of quantization and two internal dynamic adjusting variables to further enhance the network bandwidth utilization. The dual asynchronous phenomenon between the plant and controller (asynchronous modes and mismatched premise variables) is addressed. This implies that the designed controller is not required to share the same membership functions and modes as the plant, establishing a more rational structure. The hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) is attained to characterize the stochastic varying channel fading amplitudes. The Lyapunov function incorporating mode and fuzzy information is constructed to establish sufficient criteria ensuring the strictly dissipative performance and mean-square exponential stability (MSES) of the resulting closed-loop systems, and a new security fuzzy dual asynchronous controller is then developed. Finally, the efficacy and applicability of the results are demonstrated through numerical and practical examples. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Membership functions

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Interference Suppression and Jitter Elimination Ability-Based Adaption Tracking Guidance for Robotic Fishes

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 126-137页

作者： Dongfang Li Jie Huang Rob Law Xin Xu Limin Zhu Edmond Q.Wu IEEE the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Fuzhou University 5G+Industrial Internet Institute Fuzhou University the University of Macau the College of Mechatronics and Automation National University of Defense Technology the School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This work presents an adaptive tracking guidance method for robotic fishes. The scheme enables robots to suppress external interference and eliminate motion jitter. An adaptive integral surge line-of-sight guidance rule is designed to eliminate dynamics interference and sideslip issues. Limited-time yaw and surge speed observers are reported to fit disturbance variables in the model. The approximation values can compensate for the system's control input and improve the robots' tracking ***, this work develops a terminal sliding mode controller and third-order differential processor to determine the rotational torque and reduce the robots' run jitter. Then, Lyapunov's theory proves the uniform ultimate boundedness of the proposed method. Simulation and physical experiments confirm that the technology improves the tracking error convergence speed and stability of robotic fishes.

关键词： Adaptive integral surge line-of-sight approximation robotic fish speed observer

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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R-CONV: An Analytical Approach for Efficient Data Reconstruction via Convolutional Gradients 25th

R-CONV: An Analytical Approach for Efficient Data Reconstru...

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25th International Conference on Web information Systems engineering, WISE 2024

作者： Eltaras, Tamer Ahmed Malluhi, Qutaibah Savino, Alessandro Carlo, Stefano Di Qayyum, Adnan Politecnico Di Torino Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin10129 Italy Qatar University Doha Qatar Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819605750

In the effort to learn from extensive collections of distributed data, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for preserving privacy by using a gradient-sharing mechanism instead of exchanging raw data. However, recent studies show that private training data can be leaked through many gradient attacks. While previous analytical-based attacks have successfully reconstructed input data from fully connected layers, their effectiveness diminishes when applied to convolutional layers. This paper introduces an advanced data leakage method to efficiently exploit convolutional layers’ gradients. We present a surprising finding: even with non-fully invertible activation functions, such as ReLU, we can analytically reconstruct training samples from the gradients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical approach that successfully reconstructs convolutional layer inputs directly from the gradients, bypassing the need to reconstruct layers’ outputs. Prior research has mainly concentrated on the weight constraints of convolution layers, overlooking the significance of gradient constraints. Our findings demonstrate that existing analytical methods used to estimate the risk of gradient attacks lack accuracy. In some layers, attacks can be launched with less than 5 % of the reported constraints. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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Multilayer core–shell structured FeNi_(3)@C with enhanced interfacial polarization for microwave absorbers

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Nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 833-842页

作者： Shaohan Guo Junying Zhang Chengyou Lin Jin Ge Song Bi Zhi-Ling Hou College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Information Control and Effects Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research InstituteShenyang 110035China 501 Department Xi’an Research Institute of High-TechXi’an 710025China

Magnetoelectric composites can achieve magneto-electric synergy to optimize impedance ***,it is challenging to enhance the broadband absorption performance for thin thickness ***,FeNi_(3)@C composite with magnetic alloy core and N-doped macroporous multilevel layered carbon shell was constructed by hierarchical interface *** uniform multilevel layered carbon shell could induce interfacial polarization and multiple scattering,and further endows enhanced electromagnetic attenuation and optimized impedance *** ultra-thin broadband absorber with an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.4 GHz is achieved at a thickness of only 1.6 ***,full-band absorption from 2 to 18 GHz at a thickness of 9.8 mm is realized through metastructure *** work provides an alternative strategy to prepare coreshell structured magnetoelectric composites for ultra-thin and broadband absorbers.

关键词： covalent organic frameworks(COFs) FeNi_(3)@C core-shell structure interfacial polarization impedance matching

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The Internet of Things under Federated Learning:A Review of the Latest Advances and Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1-39页

作者： Jinlong Wang Zhenyu Liu Xingtao Yang Min Li Zhihan Lyu School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao260043China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building&Building Energy Saving Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei230000China Department of Game Design Uppsala UniversityUppsala75310Sweden

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things(IoT)can deploy various machine learning algorithms for network and application *** the IoT environment,many sensors and devices generatemassive data,but data security and privacy protection have become a serious *** learning(FL)can achieve many intelligent IoT applications by training models on local devices and allowing AI training on distributed IoT devices without data *** review aims to deeply explore the combination of FL and the IoT,and analyze the application of federated learning in the IoT from the aspects of security and privacy *** this paper,we first describe the potential advantages of FL and the challenges faced by current IoT systems in the fields of network burden and privacy ***,we focus on exploring and analyzing the advantages of the combination of FL on the Internet,including privacy security,attack detection,efficient communication of the IoT,and enhanced learning *** also list various application scenarios of FL on the ***,we propose several open research challenges and possible solutions.

关键词： Federated learning Internet of Things sensors machine learning privacy security

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