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arXiv 2020年

作者： Drummond, Ross Couto, Luis D. Zhang, Dong Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford 17 Parks Road OxfordOX1 3PJ United Kingdom Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université libre de Bruxelles BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue PittsburghPA15312 United States

A state-space model for Li-ion battery packs with parallel connected cells is introduced. The key feature of this model is an explicit solution to Kirchhoff’s laws for parallel connected packs, which expresses the branch currents directly in terms of the model’s states, applied current and cell resistances. This avoids the need to solve these equations numerically. To illustrate the potential of the proposed model for pack-level control and estimation, a state-estimator is introduced for the nonlinear parallel pack model. By exploiting the system structure seen in the solution to Kirchhoff’s laws, algebraic conditions for the observer gains are obtained that guarantee convergence of the estimator’s error. Error convergence is demonstrated through an argument based upon Aizerman’s conjecture. It is hoped that the insight brought by this model formulation will allow the wealth of results developed for series connected packs to be applied to those with parallel connections. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Extremum seeking algorithms based on non-commutative maps 11

Extremum seeking algorithms based on non-commutative maps

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11th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear control systems, NOLCOS 2019

作者： Feiling, Jan Labar, Christophe Grushkovskaya, Victoria Garone, Emanuele Kinnaert, Michel Ebenbauer, Christian Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control University of Stuttgart Germany Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG Stuttgart Germany Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université libre de Bruxelles Belgium Institute for Mathematics Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany

In this work, discrete-time extremum seeking algorithms for unconstrained optimization problems are developed. A general class of non-commutative maps and one- and two point function evaluation polices are presented to approximate a gradient-descent algorithm, suitable for extremum seeking problems. Moreover, adaptive step size rules are discussed to achieve faster convergence and vanishing steady state oscillations. © 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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State of charge estimation of parallel connected battery cells via descriptor system theory

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhang, Dong Couto, Luis D. Benjamin, Sebastien Zeng, Wente Coutinho, Daniel F. Moura, Scott J. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université Libre de Bruxelles BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Saft Batteries Total S.A. Total S.A. Department of Automation and Systems UFSC PO BOX 476 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil

— This manuscript presents an algorithm for individual Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell state of charge (SOC) estimation when multiple cells are connected in parallel, using only terminal voltage and total current measurements. For battery packs consisting of thousands of cells, it is desirable to estimate individual SOCs by only monitoring the total current in order to reduce sensing cost. Mathematically, series connected cells yield dynamics given by ordinary differential equations under classical full voltage sensing. In contrast, parallel connected cells are evidently more challenging because the dynamics are governed by a nonlinear descriptor system, including differential equations and algebraic equations arising from voltage and current balance across cells. An observer with linear output error injection is formulated, where the individual cell SOCs and local currents are locally observable from the total current and voltage measurements. The asymptotic convergence of differential and algebraic states is established by considering local Lipschitz continuity property of system nonlinearities. Simulation results on LiNiMnCoO2/Graphite (NMC) cells illustrate convergence for SOCs, local currents, and terminal voltage. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear equations

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Identification and optimal control of fructo-oligosaccharide production

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第18期51卷 678-683页

作者： Schorsch, J. Kinnaert, M. Fekih-Salem, R. Dewasme, L. Castro, C.C. Wouwer, A. Vande Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université libre de Bruxelles Belgium Automatic Control Laboratory University of Mons Belgium LAMSIN University of Tunis El Manar Tunisia Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry Department University of Mons Belgium

This article deals with the development of a reduced model describing the temporal evolution of the fructo-oligosaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans and the optimal process control. First, a reduced model is derived from a detailed model reproducing with good accuracy the dynamics of the fructo-oligosaccharide production. The reduced model is obtained using maximum likelihood principal component analysis and parameter identification based on a weighted least squares criterion. Next, the fructo-oligosaccharide concentration at an a priori undetermined time is maximized using Pontryagin maximum principle. The methodology is analyzed based on experimental data from batch and fed-batch cultures, and results are compared with those obtained with another simple model available in the literature. © 2018

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Bang bang control systems Batch cell culture Biotechnology Maximum principle Oligosaccharides Parameter estimation Principal component analysis Aureobasidium pullulans Bang Bang control Detailed modeling Fed batch cultures Fructo oligosaccharides Optimal controls Temporal evolution Weighted least squares

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Obtaining a Stabilizing Prediction Horizon in Quadratic Programming Model Predictive control

Obtaining a Stabilizing Prediction Horizon in Quadratic Prog...

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IEEE Annual Conference on Decision and control

作者： Dimitri Morgenstern Daniel Gorges Andreas Wirsen Department of System Analysis Prognosis and Control Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics Kaiserslautern Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781728113982

ISBN: (纸本)9781728113999

In this paper, it is shown how a performance tuple can be obtained in model predictive control if the optimal control problem is a quadratic program. The quotient of the finite-horizon optimal cost and the tuple's first entry upper bounds the sum of all instances over the finite-horizon optimal cost. The tuple's second entry is a stabilizing prediction horizon. The algorithm taking the describing matrices and giving a performance tuple is easily verifiable.

关键词： Optimal control Stability analysis Optimization Predictive control Upper bound Asymptotic stability controllability

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Redesigning electrification of China’s ammonia and methanol industry to balance decarbonization with power system security

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Nature Energy 2025年 1-12页

作者： Jiarong Li Jin Lin Sirui Wu Zhipeng Yu Chris P. Nielsen Michael B. McElroy Jianxiao Wang Jie Song Xi Lu Yonghua Song Xuefeng Lyu Mingkai Yu Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Harvard-China Project on Energy Economy and Environment Harvard University Cambridge MA USA State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Macau China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

Electrification represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the ammonia and methanol industries by reducing fossil fuel reliance. However, a greater understanding is needed of how the spatio-temporal mismatch between renewable generation and chemical load patterns may impact on power system emissions and security. Here we assess different electrification pathways across 22 Chinese provinces from 2020 to 2050. Using 2020 data, we show that reliance on grid electricity offsets CO2reductions by increasing power system emissions, raising national emissions by 1%. Integrating co-located renewables without self-balancing flexibility exacerbates power system security risks, potentially increasing balancing requirements by 9%. To address this challenge, we propose the ‘Green Flexible Chemical Electrification’ pathway, transitioning from requirements for stringent co-located renewables to rigid temporal self flexibility. By 2030, Green Flexible Chemical Electrification demonstrates cost competitiveness nationwide, with green ammonia potentially generating 2 billion RMB in profit. Additionally, redesigning electricity pricing to incentivize chemical-side demand management further enhances power–chemical synergies.

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On Regularization of an Optimal control Problem for Ill-Posed Nonlinear Elliptic Equations

Abstract and Applied Analysis

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Abstract and Applied analysis 2020年第none期2020卷 1-15页

作者： Kogut, Peter I. Kupenko, Olha P. Manzo, Rosanna Department of Differential Equations Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Gagarin av. 72 Dnipro 49010 Ukraine Department of System Analysis and Control National Technical University "dnipro Polytechnics" Yavornitsky av. 19 49005 Ukraine Institute of Applied and System Analysis Ihor Sikorsky National Technical University of Ukraine Kiev Polytechnical Institute Peremogy av. 37 Build. 35 03056 Ukraine Department of Information Engineering Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 Fisciano Italy

We discuss the existence issue to an optimal control problem for one class of nonlinear elliptic equations with an exponential type of nonlinearity. We deal with the control object when we cannot expect to have a solution of the corresponding boundary value problem in the standard functional space for all admissible controls. To overcome this difficulty, we make use of a variant of the classical Tikhonov regularization scheme. In particular, we eliminate the PDE constraints between control and state and allow such pairs run freely by introducing an additional variable which plays the role of "compensator"that appears in the original state equation. We show that this fictitious variable can be determined in a unique way. In order to provide an approximation of the original optimal control problem, we define a special family of regularized optimization problems. We show that each of these problems is consistent, well-posed, and their solutions allow to attain an optimal solution of the original problem as the parameter of regularization tends to zero. As a consequence, we prove the existence of optimal solutions to the original problem and propose a way for their approximation. © 2020 Peter I. Kogut et al.

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Comparation of Aroma-Active Compounds in Fresh Commercial Infant Formula and the Change during Ambient Storage

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Journal of Future Foods 2025年

作者： Lirong Xu Ailing Tian Jiayi Su Meifan Pan Riqing Liu Peipei Gao Beilei Pang Zitong Liu Lijiao Fan Huaixia Zhang Yali Wang Lei Du Lili Zheng Yingchun Zhao Xiaoxiao Feng Jing Lv Department of Nutrition The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China Institute of Nutrition and Health Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Jiangsu Road 16# Qingdao Shandong 266400 People's Republic of China Department of Health Education and Management and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment School of Public Health Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China. Department of surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao) College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Analysis and Testing Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture & Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

This study compared the aroma-active compounds in 14 brands of commercially infant formula and investigated their changes during ambient storage after opening for 2 months. A total of 29 major aroma-active compounds were detected in infant formula. From the PCA and heatmap analysis, a total of 14 brands of infant formula were classified into 3 groups, the second group contained JLB-Y, AY and FH-F, of which 2-furanmethanol and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one were mainly compounds, the third group contained YL and JLB-L, the characteristic flavor compounds in this group were mainly hexanal, heptanal, etc. Aldehydes, as the main volatile substances, account for more than half of the total volatiles. Nearly half of the aldehydes showed more significant changes after storage, e.g. hexanal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal and 3-methylbutyraldehyde. The YL and YP-Q produced more saturated aldehydes after storage, the concentration of hexanal in YL-2m and YP-Q-2m was 2138.5 μg/kg and 2004.1μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heptanal, octanal, and nonanal also increased relatively significantly, which may lead to a distinct rancid flavor in YL and YP-Q. Besides, among the ketones, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one showed the greatest change after storage, especially in JLB-L. According to sensory evaluation experiments, the milky flavor of infant formulas decreased and fatty, rancid, fishy and grassy flavors were found to have increased to different extents after storage. The current information gap on the concentration and evolution of volatile compounds in commercially available infant formula is filled by this study.

关键词： Infant formula Volatile compounds GC-MS Ambient Storage

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Optimal control of fructo-oligosaccharide production 10

Optimal control of fructo-oligosaccharide production

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10th International Conference on Simulation and Modelling in the Food and Bio-Industry, FOODSIM 2018

作者： Schorsch, J. Kinnaert, M. Fekih-Salem, R. Dewasme, L. Castro, C.C. Vande Wouwer, A. Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université libre de Bruxelles Belgium LAMSIN University of Tunis El Manar Tunisia Automatic Control Laboratory University of Mons Belgium Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry Department University of Mons Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9789492859013

The objective of this study is to determine an optimal substrate feed rate for optimizing the fructo-oligosaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans in a fed batch reactor. The feed profile is charecterized by the feed start time, rate and end time. The optimization is carried out based on a simple dynamic model of the process and using Pontryagin maximum principle in the framework of singular control problems. The resulting control law is of the bang-bang type. The bioreactor is first filled-up at maximum feed rate, followed by a batch phase. © 2018 EUROSIS-ETI.

关键词： Substrates

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Extremum Seeking Algorithms based on Non-Commutative Maps

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2019年第16期52卷 688-693页

作者： Jan Feiling Christophe Labar Victoria Grushkovskaya Emanuele Garone Michel Kinnaert Christian Ebenbauer Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control University of Stuttgart Germany Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG Stuttgart Germany Department of Control Engineering and System Analysis Université libre de Bruxelles Belgium Institute for Mathematics Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Germany

关键词： Extremum Seeking Optimization Adaptive control Discrete-Time systems

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