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Characteristics of the pollutant emissions in a tunnel of Shanghai on a weekday

Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第9期30卷 136-149页

作者： Rui Li Ya Meng Hongbo Fu Liwu Zhang Xingnan Ye Jianmin Chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200433P.R.China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092P.R.China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Tunnel displays a typical semi-closed environment, and multitudes of the pollutants tend to accumulate. The samples of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter （PM） were collected from the Xiangyin tunnel at Shanghai to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant emissions. The results indicated that both gaseous pollutants and PM exhibited much higher concentrations during the rush hours in the morning and at night due to vehicle emission. Two peaks of the PM concentration were observed in the scope of 0.7-1.1 and 3.3-4.7 μm, accounting for 14.6% and 20.3% of the total concentrations, respectively. Organic matter （OM）, EC, and many water-soluble ions were markedly higher at the rush hours in the morning than those at night, implicating comprehensive effects of vehicle types and traffic volume. The particle number concentrations exhibited two peaks at Aitken mode （25 nm and 100 rim） and accumulation mode （600 nm）, while the particle volume concentration displayed high values at the accumulation mode （100-500 nm） and coarse mode （2.5-4.0 μm）. The peak around 100 nm was detected in the morning rush hours, but it diminished with the decrease of the traffic volume. Individual-particle analysis revealed that main particles in the tunnel were Fe-rich particles, K-rich particles, mineral particles, Ca-S rich particles and A1-Si particles. The particles collected at the rush hours displayed marked different morphologies, element concentrations and particle sizes compared to the ones collected at the non-rush period. The data presented herein could shed a light on the feature of vehicle emissions.

关键词： Tunnel Vehicle emission Size distribution Morphology

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Plating current density distribution of lithium metal anodes in pouch cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 70-75,I0003页

作者： Shi-Jie Yang Xin Shen Xin-Bing Cheng Feng-Ni Jiang Rui Zhang He Liu Lei Liu Hong Yuan School of Materials Science&Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuChina Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina

The uniformity of current density distribution upon electrodes is one of the most important factors determining the lithium dendrites growth and cycling performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs). Herein,current density distributions of lithium metal anodes induced by various engineering factors, consisting of uneven cathode, electrolyte distribution, and different tab positions, and their effects on the electrochemical performance are investigated theoretically and experimentally in pouch cells. The deviation of current density in lithium metal anodes ranges from 2.47% to 196.18% due to the different levels of uneven cathode materials. However, the deviation is just 13.60% for different electrolyte thicknesses between cathodes and anodes, even a ten-layer separator in some positions. The maximum deviation for variational tab positions is only 0.17%. The nonuniformity in current density distribution results in severe dendrite growth issues and poor electrochemical performance of LMBs. This work not only confirms the direct correlation between the uneven current density distribution and lithium deposition behaviors, but also points out the decisive effects of cathode surface roughness on current distribution of anodes, to which more attentions should be paid in practical applications of LMBs.

关键词： Pouch cell Lithium metal anode Dendrite Current density distribution Safety

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Mechanism of subsurface microstructural fatigue crack initiation during high and very-high cycle fatigue of advanced bainitic steels

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第13期108卷 142-157页

作者： Guhui Gao Rong Liu Yusong Fan Guian Qian Xiaolu Gui R.D.K.Misra Bingzhe Bai Material Science&Engineering Research Center School of MechanicalElectronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM) Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research Department of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El Paso500W University AvenueEl PasoTX 79968USA Key Laboratory of Advanced Material School of Material Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Advanced bainitic steels with the multiphase structure of bainitic ferrite,retained austenite and martensite exhibit distinctive fatigue crack initiation behavior during high cycle fatigue/very high cycle fatigue(HCF/VHCF)*** subsurface microstructural fatigue crack initiation,referred to as“non-inclusion induced crack initiation,NIICI”,is a leading mode of failure of bainitic steels within the HCF/VHCF *** this regard,there is currently a missing gap in the knowledge with respect to the cyclic response of multiphase structure during VHCF failure and the underlying mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation during *** address this aspect,we have developed a novel approach that explicitly identifies the knowledge gap through an examination of subsurface crack initiation and interaction with the local *** was accomplished by uniquely combining electron microscopy,three-dimensional confocal microscopy,focused ion beam,and transmission Kikuchi ***,the study indicated that there are multiple micro-mechanisms responsible for the NIICI failure of bainitic steels,including two scenarios of transgranular-crack-assisted NIICI and two scenarios of intergranular-crack-assisted NIICI,which resulted in the different distribution of fine grains in the crack initiation *** fine grains were formed through fragmentation of bainitic ferrite lath caused by localized plastic deformation or via local continuous dynamic recrystallization because of repeated interaction between slip bands and prior austenite grain *** formation of fine grains assisted the advancement of small *** important aspect discussed is the role of retained austenite(RA)during cyclic loading,on crack initiation and propagation in terms of the morphology,distribution and stability of RA,which determined the development of localized cyclic plastic deformation in multiphase structure.

关键词： Microstructure Advanced bainitic steels Very high cycle fatigue Mechanism Retained austenite

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In situ identification of environmental microorganisms with Raman spectroscopy

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2022年第3期11卷 102-113页

作者： Dongyu Cui Lingchao Kong Yi Wang Yuanqing Zhu Chuanlun Zhang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science&EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics University of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory Shanghai Earthquake AgencyShanghai200062China

Microorganisms in natural environments are crucial in maintaining the material and energy cycle and the ecological balance of the ***,it is challenging to delineate environmental microbes'actual metabolic pathways and intraspecific heterogeneity because most microorganisms cannot be *** spectroscopy is a culture-independent technique that can collect molecular vibration profiles from *** can reveal the physiological and biochemical information at the single-cell level rapidly and non-destructively in *** first part of this review introduces the principles,advantages,progress,and analytical methods of Raman spectroscopy applied in environmental *** second part summarizes the applications of Raman spectroscopy combined with stable isotope probing(SIP),fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),Raman-activated cell sorting and genomic sequencing,and machine learning in microbiological ***,this review discusses expectations of Raman spectroscopy and future advances to be made in identifying microorganisms,especially for uncultured microorganisms.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy Environmental microorganisms Single cells Metabolic activities

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Aggregation and stability of selenium nanoparticles: Complex roles of surface coating, electrolytes and natural organic matter

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第8期130卷 14-23页

作者： Sujuan Yu Hao Liu Rui Yang Wenjing Zhou Jingfu Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071000China

The application of selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)as nanofertilizers may lead to the release of SeNPs into aquatic ***,the environmental behavior of SeNPs is rarely *** this study,using alginate-coated SeNPs(Alg-SeNPs)and polyvinyl alcohol-coated SeNPs(PVA-SeNPs)as models,we systematically investigated the aggregation and stability of SeNPs under various water ***-SeNPs were highly stable in mono-and polyvalent electrolytes,probably due to the strong steric hindrance of the capping ***-SeNPs only suffered from a limited increase in size,even at 2500 mmol/L NaCl and 200 mmol/L MgCl_(2),while they underwent apparent aggregation in CaCl_(2) and LaCl_(3) *** binding of Ca^(2+) and La^(3+) with the guluronic acid part in alginate induced the formation of cross-linking *** organic matter enhanced the stability of Alg-SeNPs in monovalent electrolytes,while accelerated the attachment of Alg-SeNPs in polyvalent electrolytes,due to the cation bridge *** long-term stability of SeNPs in natural water showed that the aggregation sizes of Alg-SeNPs and PVA-SeNPs increased to several hundreds of nanometers or above 10μm after 30 days,implying that SeNPs may be suspended in the water column or further settle down,depending on the surrounding water *** study may contribute to the deep insight into the fate and mobility of SeNPs in the aquatic *** varying fate of SeNPs in different natural waters also suggests that the risks of SeNPs to organisms living in diverse depths in the aquatic compartment should be concerned.

关键词： Selenium nanoparticles Aggregation Stability Surface coating Electrolytes Natural organic matter

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ABAting the Response:A Novel ABA Signal Terminator that Disrupts the Hormone Co-receptor Complex

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Molecular Plant 2020年第9期13卷 1241-1243页

作者： Akhtar Ali Jose M.Pardo Dae-Jin Yun Institute of Glocal Disease Control Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Science&Engineering Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis cicCartujaCSIC-Universidad de SevillaAmericoVespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain

The phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)regulates multiple physiological processes such as embryo morphogenesis,seed maturation and germination,leaf senescence,fruit ripening,and stress adaptation(Gupta et al.,2020).ABA levels quickly rise in response to conditions leading to water deficit,including the developmental processes of seed drying and dormancy,as well as early post-germinative growth(Chen et al.,2020).Several proteins,commonly regarded as the ABA signaling core components,have been identified.

关键词： Gupta Signal Complex

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Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Antimony in Atmospheric Particulates in a Northern City of China

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第3期39卷 465-471页

作者： SHEN Yiwen ZHAO Hao ZHAO Changxian DONG Shuofei CAO Yuanming XIE Jiaojao LYU Meiling YUAN Chungang Hebei Key Lab of Power-plant Flue Gas Multi-pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding071000P.R.China Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206P.R.China Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd.(China)Beijing100102P.R.China

Over the last several decades,scientists have established a wealth of evidence to demonstrate the risks posed to human health by toxic elements in atmospheric particulate matter(PM).Antimony(Sb),as one of ever ignored PM-bound heavy metals,attracts more and more attentions and has been regarded as one emerging air pollutant with the change of pollution sources of particulate *** study the distribution of Sb in PM with different particle sizes is of great practical significance for understanding its source and health *** this study,the size distributions of Sb in PM(PM_(2.5),PM_(10)and TSP)in different seasons were studied from July 2018 to May *** high concentration of PM-bound Sb was found and the health risk was *** was enriched in fine particles and showed higher values in winter,which was probably caused by coal combustion and meteorological *** was also found that traffic-related non-exhaust emissions might become another main contribution to fine particle *** risk assessment demonstrated that the hazard quotient(HQ)of Sb in PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)for children(PM_(2.5):1.54,PM_(10):1.32)exceeded the acceptable threshold and ingestion contributed the most to the HQ for both children and adults.

关键词： Particulate matter(PM) Antimony Size distribution Health risk

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Highly efficient hydrogen production from methanol by single nickel atoms anchored on defective boron nitride nanosheet

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 8800-8808页

作者： Shengshu Yang Fang Zhang Haifa Qiu Ming Yang Fengjuan Qin Hao Tang Wenxing Chen Zhengang Liu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material&Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Analytical and Testing Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Applied Physics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Energy&Catalysis Center School of Materials Science&EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Exploiting inexpensive and effective nickel-based catalysts that produce hydrogen from liquid organic hydrogen carriers(LOHCs)is crucial to alleviating the global energy and environmental *** this study,we report a rational strategy that can realize atomically dispersed Ni atoms anchored on vacancy-abundant boron nitride nanosheets(Ni1/h-BNNS)with high specific surface area(up to 622 m^(2)·g^(-1))and abundant hydroxyl groups for high efficient hydrogen *** dehydrogenation results show an excellent hydrogen production performance catalyzed by this Ni1/h-BNNS,as evidenced by a remarkably high H_(2) yield rate(1684.23 mol·mol_(Ni)^(-1)·h^(-1)),nearly 100%selectivity toward hydrogen and CO,and high anti-coking *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the outstanding catalytic performance of Ni1/h-BNNS primarily originates from the unique coordinated environment of atomically dispersed Ni(Ni-B_(2)O_(2))and the synergistic interaction between Ni single atoms and the h-BNNS ***,the coordinated O atoms play a decisive role in promoting the activity of Ni,and the neighboring B sites significantly decrease the energy barriers for the adsorption of key intermediates of methanol *** study offers a novel strategy for developing high-performance and stable single-atom Ni catalysts by precisely controlling single-atom sites on h-BN support for sustainable hydrogen production.

关键词： single-atom catalyst coordination environment boron nitride hydrogen production liquid organic hydrogen carriers

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Multiple α sub-variants and anisotropic mechanical properties of an additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2021年第11期70卷 113-124页

作者： Yinling Zhang Zhuo Chen Shoujiang Qu Aihan Feng Guangbao Mi Jun Shen Xu Huang Daolun Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson UniversityTorontoOntario M5B 2K3Canada Aerospace Hiwing(Harbin)Titanium Industrial Co. Ltd.Harbin High Tech ZoneHarbin 150028China Shanghai Key Lab.of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials School of Materials Science&EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Titanium Alloys AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsBeijing 100095China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Additive manu facturing(AM)is a promising material processing method which gains significant momentum in the aerospace and biomedical ***,the anisotropy in the mechanical properties of additively-manufactured materials is still poorly *** study was aimed at elucidating crystallographic feature-anisotropy-mechanical property relationship for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy manufactured via selective electron beam melting(SEBM).Abundantαlamellae with six variants were present inside the columnar prior-βgrains with a<100>fiber texture duringβ→αphase *** sixαvariants followed the Burgers orientation relationship of{110}_(β)//{0001}_(α)and<1-11>_(β)//<11-20>_(α).Multiple sub-variants in eachαvariant were observed for the first *** anisotropy in the mechanical properties was mainly related to the relative amount of sixα*** the horizontally-oriented samples had a lower yield strength,they exhibited a higher ductility and longer fatigue life than the vertically-oriented *** softening occurred at higher strain amplitudes,and cyclic stabilization sustained at lower strain *** crack mainly initiated from the specimen surface at lower strain amplitudes,while multiple crack initiation tended to occur at higher strain *** propagation was characterized by fatigue striations along with some secondary cracks.

关键词： Titanium alloy 3D printing Deformation behavior Anisotropy Burgers orientation relationship

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Robust Event-Triggered control of Nonlinear Systems Under a Global Sector-Bound Condition

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Guidance, Navigation and control 2022年第2期2卷 59-79页

作者： Pengpeng Zhang Tengfei Liu Zhong-Ping Jiang Department of Control Science&Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji UniversityShanghai 201804P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819P.R.China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University370 Jay StreetBrooklynNY 11201USA

This paper studies an event-tniggered control problem for nonlinear systems subject to both external disturbancoes and dy namic *** is assumed that the system satisfies a global sector bound *** avold infnitely fast samplng,a novel eventriggred sampling mechanism is propoeed,which use8 not only the measuned system state but also an estimation of the inluence of the *** the propoeed design,the intersampling intervals an be lower bounded by a poeitive constant,and it is independent of botb external disturbances and dynamie ***,the doeedl loop event-tniggered system i proved to be input-torstate stable with repect to the extemal *** smalgain techmigues are;used for the stability analysis of the dloeeil-bop system.

关键词： Event-triggered control external disturbance dynamic uncertainty input-to-state stability

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