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iRADIOLOGY 2025年第1期3卷 61-71页

作者： Qiang Zheng Yiyu Zhang Lin Zhang Jian Wang Jungang Liu School of Computer and Control Engineering Yantai UniversityYantaiChina Department of Radiology Xiamen Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital of Fudan University at XiamenXiamenChina

Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in ***,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric neural activity remains unknown,which therefore was investigated in the present study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:A total of 41 children(5.10�1.14 years,male/female 21/20)with fMRI were employed to construct the functional connectivity network(FCN).The network communication,graph-theoretic properties,and network hub identification were statistically analyzed(t test and Bonferroni correction)between sedation(21 children)and awake(20 children)*** involved analyses were established on the whole-brain FCN and seven sub-networks,which included the default mode network(DMN),dorsal attentional network(DAN),salience network(SAN),auditory network(AUD),visual network(VIS),subcortical network(SUB),and other networks(Other).Results:Under PMDS,significant decreases in network communication were observed between SUB-VIS,SUB-DAN,and VIS-DAN,and between brain regions from the temporal lobe,limbic system,and subcortical ***,no significant decrease in thalamus-related communication was *** graph-theoretic properties were significantly decreased in the sedation group,and all graphical features of the DMN showed significant group *** superior parietal cortex with different neurological functions was identified as a network hub that was not greatly ***:Although the children had a depressed level of neural activity under PMDS,the crucial thalamus-related communication was maintained,and the network hub superior parietal cortex stayed active,which highlighted clinical prac-tices that the human body under PMDS is still perceptible to external stimuli and can be awakened by sound or touch.

关键词： functional connectivity network moderate-deep sedation neural activity pediatric propofol

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TCIP: Transformed Colour Intensity Profiles analysis for fault detection in power line insulators

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4503-4534页

作者： Tomaszewski, Michal Gasz, Rafal Kasana, Singara Singh Osuchowski, Jakub Singh, Simranjit Zator, Slawomir Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Haryana Haryana Mahendergarh123031 India Department of Information Technology Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Punjab Jalandhar India Department of Safety Engineering and Technical Systems Faculty of Production Engineering and Logistics Opole University of Technology Prószkowska 76 Opole45-758 Poland

In response to the escalating demand for electricity, the aging process and inherent failures in power lines have become unavoidable challenges in their operational integrity. This research addresses the imperative need for a robust method to detect damage in power insulator disc images, introducing a novel feature extraction technique grounded in color intensity profile transformation and ensemble learning. For the purposes of the research, a specific dataset was developed based on publicly available images of power insulators. The collection consists of 9232 images of insulator discs which included 2184 images of damaged discs. The discernible damages include breakages and burnouts. Two distinct analysis variants were employed. In the first variant (V1), two classification groups were selected: disc with damages and disc without damages. In the second variant (V2), three classification groups were selected: discs without damage, broken discs, and burnout discs. The described research was divided into two successive stages. In the first of them (S1), the transformed color intensity profiles for the prepared data set were built and various machine learning models for their classification were trained and evaluated. In the next stage (S2), previously developed, highest efficient machine learning models, were used to make the detection of various damaged types of overhead line insulator discs. For the first stage of research high-performance results and a high value of the F1 score parameters were obtained (F1 score = 0.999 for the first variant (S1V1) and F1 score = 0.992 for the second variant (S1V2). In the second stage of research and the first variant (S2V1), the highest result of the F1 score was 0.932 and for the second variant (S2V2) F1 score was 0.930. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Cepstrum Lifting and Coherent Averaging-based Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Low-Amplitude Signal Components for Rotating Machinery

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 17479-17490页

作者： Liu, Shaokang Liu, Shuai Wu, Yingjie Liu, Weiliang Liu, Changliang Luo, Zhihong University of North China Electric Power Control and Computer Engineering Department Beijing102200 China Baoding key Laboratory of State Detection and Optimization Regulation for Integrated Energy System Baoding071000 China University of Northeast Electric Power Automation Engineering Department Jilin132000 China Inner Mongolia University of Technology Electric Power Department Hohhot010080 China

Instantaneous frequency (IF) serves multiple critical functions in the prognostic and health management of rotating machinery. Current IF estimation methodologies primarily concentrate on enhancing estimation accuracy at the algorithmic level. However, in practical industrial applications, the target signal component is often influenced by varying operating conditions, structural resonances, and background noise, causing it to become submerged or even disappear, ultimately resulting in the failure of conventional IF estimation techniques. To address these challenges, a novel IF estimation approach incorporating signal quality enhancement is developed. First, the complementary multi-source vibration signal is processed by the proposed segmented cepstrum lifting method to overcome the submersion of the resonant frequency band on the target component. Then, processed segmented signals are fused using coherent averaging technology to enhance the amplitude of the target component. Finally, leveraging the first-order approximation capability of the short-time fractional Fourier transform (STFrFT) for nonlinear frequency modulation modes, precise IF estimation is achieved. Verified by field data, the proposed method outperforms mainstream methods in both accuracy and applicability, highlighting its industrial application prospects. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency estimation

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Designing Quantum-Resilient Blockchain Frameworks: Enhancing Transactional Security with Quantum Algorithms in Decentralized Ledgers

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International Journal of Advanced computer Science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 618-628页

作者： Kale, Meenal R. Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Sathiya, L. Burugari, Vijay Kumar Yulduz, Erkiniy Muniyandy, Elangovan Alanazi, Rakan Department of Humanities Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Hingna Nagpur India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of CSE Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Biosciences-Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha Saudi Arabia

Quantum computing is progressing at a fast rate and there is a real threat that classical cryptographic methods can be compromised and therefore impact the security of blockchain networks. All of the ways used to secure blockchain like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256) are the characteristic of the traditional cryptographic techniques vulnerable to attack by quantum algorithms: Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms: can efficiently break asymmetric encryption and speed up brute force attacks. Because of this vulnerability, there exists a need to develop an advance quantum resilient blockchain framework to protect the decentralized ledgers from the future threats of the quantum. This research proposes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) as a formidable architectural integration, to fortify security of blockchain. Classical encryption is replaced with PQC, QKD with secure key exchange by detecting eavesdropping, and QRNG with improving cryptographic randomness to remove the predictable key vulnerability. Only with a small loss of transaction efficiency, we increase transaction encryption accuracy, key exchange security, and resistance to quantum attacks. In this quantum enhanced blockchain design, the idea is to preserve the decentralization, transparency and security and at the same time overcome the future quantum threat. By going through rigorous analysis and comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that the approach saves blockchain networks from the emerging quantum risks to make sure that the decentralized finance, smart contracts and cross chain transactions. © (2025), (Science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Reference Model Design in Multiple Timescale Adaptive control

Reference Model Design in Multiple Timescale Adaptive Contro...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Eves, Kameron Valasek, John Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering Department Utah Tech University Saint GeorgeUT84770 United States Vehicle Systems and Control Laboratory Aerospace Engineering Department Texas A and M University College StationTX77843-3141 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

The method [K]control of Adaptive Multiple-timescale Systems (KAMS) has been used as a method of adaptive control for systems with states that evolve at vastly different rates and with uncertain parameters. Prior research on KAMS has shown a relationship between the asymptotic behavior of the reference models and the behavior of the full-order closed-loop system. Poor reference model design can cause steady-state error or instability even if that reference model is acceptable in a single timescale context, due to adverse feedback between the reference models and the fast-state manifold. This paper simplifies KAMS control design and provides insight into multiple timescale reference models by identifying design considerations for the fast and slow reference models. For fast reference models, it is shown that the stability proofs used in KAMS control design necessarily require the manifold to be an asymptotically stable equilibrium of the fast reference model, despite prior work that allowed other possibilities. In the case of a slow reference model that is not asymptotically stable to its reference signal, it is common for the inner connection conditions to be dependent on the reference signal. This can cause the interconnection conditions to be ill-formatted for the application of the stability proofs used in KAMS control design. This paper addresses that case and proposes the use of Raffoul’s condition as a method to prove stability in the sense of Lyapunov. A linear quadrotor attitude stabilization problem is used as a framework for the slow reference model analysis. Results presented in the paper show that 1) the asymptotic stability of the fast reference model is a necessary condition for the KAMS stability proofs used in prior work and 2) Raffoul’s condition is a sufficient condition for Lyapunov sense stability even when the inner connection conditions are ill-formatted for the KAMS stability proofs used in prior work. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics

关键词： Model reference adaptive control

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R-CONV: An Analytical Approach for Efficient Data Reconstruction via Convolutional Gradients 25th

R-CONV: An Analytical Approach for Efficient Data Reconstru...

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25th International Conference on Web Information Systems engineering, WISE 2024

作者： Eltaras, Tamer Ahmed Malluhi, Qutaibah Savino, Alessandro Carlo, Stefano Di Qayyum, Adnan Politecnico Di Torino Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin10129 Italy Qatar University Doha Qatar Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819605750

In the effort to learn from extensive collections of distributed data, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for preserving privacy by using a gradient-sharing mechanism instead of exchanging raw data. However, recent studies show that private training data can be leaked through many gradient attacks. While previous analytical-based attacks have successfully reconstructed input data from fully connected layers, their effectiveness diminishes when applied to convolutional layers. This paper introduces an advanced data leakage method to efficiently exploit convolutional layers’ gradients. We present a surprising finding: even with non-fully invertible activation functions, such as ReLU, we can analytically reconstruct training samples from the gradients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical approach that successfully reconstructs convolutional layer inputs directly from the gradients, bypassing the need to reconstruct layers’ outputs. Prior research has mainly concentrated on the weight constraints of convolution layers, overlooking the significance of gradient constraints. Our findings demonstrate that existing analytical methods used to estimate the risk of gradient attacks lack accuracy. In some layers, attacks can be launched with less than 5 % of the reported constraints. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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Optimizing DNN Inference on Multi-Accelerator SoCs at Training-time

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Risso, Matteo Burrello, Alessio Pagliari, Daniele Jahier Politecnico di Torino Department of Control and Computer Engineering Turin10129 Italy

The demand for executing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with low latency and minimal power consumption at the edge has led to the development of advanced heterogeneous Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) that incorporate multiple specialized computing units (CUs), such as accelerators. Offloading DNN computations to a specific CU from the available set often exposes accuracy vs efficiency trade-offs, due to differences in their supported operations (e.g., standard vs. depthwise convolution) or data representations (e.g., more/less aggressively quantized). A challenging yet unresolved issue is how to map a DNN onto these multi-CU systems to maximally exploit the parallelization possibilities while taking accuracy into account. To address this problem, we present ODiMO, a hardware-aware tool that efficiently explores fine-grain mapping of DNNs among various on-chip CUs, during the training phase. ODiMO strategically splits individual layers of the neural network and executes them in parallel on the multiple available CUs, aiming to balance the total inference energy consumption or latency with the resulting accuracy, impacted by the unique features of the different hardware units. We test our approach on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet, targeting two open-source heterogeneous SoCs, i.e., DIANA and Darkside. We obtain a rich collection of Paretooptimal networks in the accuracy vs. energy or latency space. We show that ODiMO reduces the latency of a DNN executed on the Darkside SoC by up to 8× at iso-accuracy, compared to manual heuristic mappings. When targeting energy, on the same SoC, ODiMO produced up to 50.8× more efficient mappings, with minimal accuracy drop ( © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： System-on-chip

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Quality-Relevant Modeling and Monitoring of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems: The Semi-Supervised Dynamic Latent Variable Models

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年 3卷 39-47页

作者： Zhou, Le Wang, Yaoxin Wu, Yuanqing He, Shenghuang Song, Zhihuan Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Department of Automation and Electrical Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Guangdong University of Technology Department of Automation Guangzhou510006 China Dongguan University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Dongguan523808 China Ningbo Industrial Internet Institute Ningbo315012 China Zhejiang University Department of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China

In modern industrial cyber-physical systems, a mass of process variables has been obtained by the high-sampling online sensors. Meanwhile, the key quality indexes are usually obtained infrequently from the laboratory. Hence, these quality variables are with low sampling rate. To avail of the complete process and quality variables with various sampling rates in the dynamic processes, a set of semi-supervised dynamic latent variable models are proposed for dynamic modeling and quality-relevant monitoring. The proposed models have built a unified structure to consider both the auto-correlations and cross-correlations between the process and quality variables with unbalanced sampling sizes. Hence, the feature extraction of the time series data is dynamically adjusted under the guidance of the quality variables. Then, the quality-relevant monitoring schemes are proposed, which is validated by a numerical case and an actual wastewater treatment process. © 2024 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Indexes Probabilistic logic Kalman filters Noise Cyber-physical systems Analytical models Parameter estimation Time series analysis Process monitoring Numerical models

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Improving graph collaborative filtering with network motifs

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-20页

作者： Zhang, Yuqi Yu, Jian Liu, Zhizhong Wang, Guiling Nguyen, Minh Sheng, Quan Z. Wang, Nancy Department of Computer and Information Sciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland Central1010 New Zealand School of Computer and Control Engineering Yantai University Shandong Yantai264005 China School of Information Science and Technology North China University of Technology Beijing100144 China School of Computing Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia

Deep learning on graphs, specifically graph convolutional networks (GCNs), has exhibited exceptional efficacy in the domain of recommender systems. Most GCNs have a message-passing architecture that enables nodes to aggregate information from neighbours iteratively through multiple layers. This enables GCNs to learn from higher-order information, but the model does not allow for direct captions of the local structural patterns. Our rationale is to investigate the effectiveness of capturing such local patterns for graph-based collaborative filtering to enhance model’s learning ability per layer. This technique combines lower-order and higher-order interactions during layer-wise propagation. In this paper, we propose MotifGCN to aggregate both lower-order and higher-order information in each graph convolution layer. Specifically, we develop dedicated algorithms of generating motif adjacency matrices. The matrices are then used for motif-enhanced neighbourhood aggregation in each layer. As this paper focuses on recommender systems, MotifGCN is built on the basis of bipartite graphs. Our experiments on four real-world datasets show that MotifGCN has a superior performance compared to various state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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