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Zooming Innovation in Consumer Electronics International Conference (ZINC)

作者： Vuk Čabrilo Dušan Kenjić Radomir Zlatković Marija Antić Department of Computing and Control Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia RT-RK Institute of Computer Based Systems Novi Sad Serbia

Current trends of digitalization and automation in the automotive industry have increased the complexity of computer clusters in different domains of vehicular ecosystems, which are required to support new features. This has led to redundancy in resource usage in specific use cases, resulting in increased production costs and manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) markups for the finalized products. The average retail price of a new vehicle in the United States increased by 13.4% between 2015 and 2020. Considering the global chip shortage of 2020 and current global inflation, the average price of a new vehicle in the United States reached $49,500 in 2023 [1]. With the electrification of current automotive platforms underway, as well as the move to centralized system architectures, new approaches to inter-domain communication are expected. This paper proposes a solution of a distributed AUTOSAR Adaptive system that can establish communication with the In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) domain. The proof of concept implemented in a controlled environment proves viable for inter-domain communication, as it provides good scalability and adaptability to different scenarios. The use of a distributed approach facilitates the applicability of distributed system principles, allowing for the implementation of a stable system.

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Improving finite-difference time-domain memory bandwidth by using block floating-point arithmetic

Improving finite-difference time-domain memory bandwidth by ...

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Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR)

作者： Stefan Pijetlovic Ivan Kastelan Milos Subotic Nebojsa Pjevalica RT-RK Institute for computer based systems Novi Sad Serbia Department of Computing and control engineering (Faculty of Technical Sciences) University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia

Finite-difference time-domain is a numerical method used for modelling of computational electrodynamics. The method is resource intensive, especially regarding memory usage since multiple memory accesses are required per single computation. In other words, memory, or more precisely its speed, is a limiting factor for the overall performance. Existing solutions focus either on structures with great parallelism such as graphical processing units or custom designs. The former have issues with underutilized resources, while the latter require significant time and effort to achieve similar or slightly better performances. The approach taken during this research was to target the memory itself and find a way to improve the efficiency of memory usage across multiple platforms. The main contribution of the paper is using block floating-point in a novel way regarding the finite-difference time-domain method. The presented solution is a verification of earlier research, proving that the performance of this algorithm can indeed be improved using the suggested methods.

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Unleashing the Potential of Spiking Neural Networks for Sequential Modeling with Contextual Embedding

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Xinyi Wu, Jibin Tang, Huajin Ren, Qinyuan Tan, Kay Chen Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University China

The human brain exhibits remarkable abilities in integrating temporally distant sensory inputs for decision-making. However, existing brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have struggled to match their biological counterpart in modeling long-term temporal relationships. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel Contextual Embedding Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (CE-LIF) spiking neuron model. Specifically, the CE-LIF model incorporates a meticulously designed contextual embedding component into the adaptive neuronal firing threshold, thereby enhancing the memory storage of spiking neurons and facilitating effective sequential modeling. Additionally, theoretical analysis is provided to elucidate how the CE-LIF model enables long-term temporal credit assignment. Remarkably, when compared to state-of-the-art recurrent SNNs, feedforward SNNs comprising the proposed CE-LIF neurons demonstrate superior performance across extensive sequential modeling tasks in terms of classification accuracy, network convergence speed, and memory capacity. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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The Impact of Recommendation Systems on Opinion Dynamics: Microscopic Versus Macroscopic Effects

The Impact of Recommendation Systems on Opinion Dynamics: Mi...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Nicolas Lanzetti Florian Dörfler Nicolò Pagan Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Automatic Control Laboratory ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Informatics Social Computing Group University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland

Recommendation systems are widely used in web services, such as social networks and e-commerce platforms, to serve personalized content to the users and, thus, enhance their experience. While personalization assists users in navigating through the available options, there have been growing concerns regarding its repercussions on the users and their opinions. Examples of negative impacts include the emergence of filter bubbles and the amplification of users' confirmation bias, which can cause opinion polarization and radicalization. In this paper, we study the impact of recommendation systems on users, both from a microscopic (i.e., at the level of individual users) and a macroscopic (i.e., at the level of a homogenous population) perspective. Specifically, we build on recent work on the interactions between opinion dynamics and recommendation systems to propose a model for this closed loop, which we then study both analytically and numerically. Among others, our analysis reveals that shifts in the opinions of individual users do not always align with shifts in the opinion distribution of the population. In particular, even in settings where the opinion distribution appears unaltered (e.g., measured via surveys across the population), the opinion of individual users might be significantly distorted by the recommendation system.

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Resource-Efficient and Self-Adaptive Quantum Search in a Quantum-Classical Hybrid System

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Zihao Du, Zefan Ruan, Shaolun Chen, Juntao Wang, Yong Cheng, Long Buyya, Rajkumar Mao, Ying The Department of Computer and Information Science Fordham University New York City United States The School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore The School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China The School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Over the past decade, the rapid advancement of deep learning and big data applications has been driven by vast datasets and high-performance computing systems. However, as we approach the physical limits of semiconductor fabrication in the post-Moore's Law era, questions arise about the future of these applications. In parallel, quantum computing has made significant progress with the potential to break limits. Major companies like IBM, Google, and Microsoft provide access to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Despite the theoretical promise of Shor's and Grover's algorithms, practical implementation on current quantum devices faces challenges, such as demanding additional resources and a high number of controlled operations. To tackle these challenges and optimize the utilization of limited onboard qubits, we introduce ReSaQuS, a resource-efficient index-value searching system within a quantum-classical hybrid framework. Building on Grover's algorithm, ReSaQuS employs an automatically managed iterative search approach. This method analyzes problem size, filters less probable data points, and progressively reduces the dataset with decreasing qubit requirements. Implemented using Qiskit and evaluated through extensive experiments, ReSaQuS has demonstrated a substantial reduction, up to 86.36% in cumulative qubit consumption and 72.72% in active periods, reinforcing its potential in optimizing quantum computing application deployment. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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Depth-Aware Multi-Modal Fusion for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning 22

Depth-Aware Multi-Modal Fusion for Generalized Zero-Shot Lea...

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22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2024

作者： Cao, Weipeng Yao, Xuyang Xu, Zhiwu Pan, Yinghui Sun, Yixuan Li, Dachuan Qiu, Bohua Wei, Muheng Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Stony Brook University New York United States Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China ZhenDui Industry Artificial Intelligence Co. Ltd Shenzhen China Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527471

Realizing Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) based on large models is emerging as a prevailing trend. However, most existing methods merely regard large models as black boxes, solely leveraging the features output by the final layer while disregarding potential performance enhancements from other layers. Indeed, numerous researchers have visually depicted variations in the features learned across different layers of neural networks. Motivated by this observation, we propose a Vision Transformer (ViT)-based GZSL method named Depth-Aware Multi-Modal ViT (DAM2ViT), which exploits multi-level features of ViT. DAM2ViT incorporates a multi-modal interaction block to align semantic information of categories across multiple layers, thereby augmenting the model’s capacity to learn associations between visual and semantic spaces. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets (i.e., CUB, SUN, AWA2) have showcased that DAM2ViT achieves competitive results compared to state-of-the-art methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Curiosity and Affect-Driven Cognitive Architecture for HRI

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IEEE Transactions on Affective computing 2025年

作者： Berto, Leticia Tanevska, Ana Cirne, Azamor Costa, Paula Simoes, Alexandre Gudwin, Ricardo Rea, Francesco Colombini, Esther Sciutti, Alessandra State University of Campinas Institute of Computing Campinas Brazil Italian Institute of Technology CONTACT Unit Genoa Italy Uppsala University Department of Information Technology Uppsala Sweden Federal University of Paraiba Department of Finance and Accounting João Pessoa Brazil State University of Campinas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas Brazil São Paulo State University Department of Control and Automation Engineering Sorocaba Brazil

This study explores how humans and cognitive robots with different value systems and motivations understand each other's needs in free-form interactions. We developed a cognitive architecture that links sensing and perception to internal motivation and an intrinsic value system for determining actions. Inspired by young children's needs, this architecture includes three drives: learning, interaction, and recharging, each with varying dependence on the human partner. We aimed to assess how experimentally changing the importance of these drives within a fixed architecture affects interaction dynamics with human partners (acting as caregivers) and their understanding of the robot's needs. By adjusting the learning and interaction drives, we created two robot profiles: Playful, which prioritizes environmental exploration and playfulness to reduce boredom, and Social, which focuses on social interaction through touch and visual contact to increase comfort. Our findings show that changing the importance of these drives produces distinct behaviors and human perceptions. Robot behaviors matched their profiles, and participants adapted their responses accordingly. Participants identified and attributed distinct traits to each robot without knowing the specific profiles. Despite variability among human partners, the robots, especially the playful one, were generally well understood by most participants. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robot learning

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Security enhancement of LSB-based audio steganography method

Security enhancement of LSB-based audio steganography method

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Zooming Innovation in Consumer Electronics International Conference (ZINC)

作者： Jovana Jezdimirović Nenad Pekez Jelena Kovačević Computing and Control Engineering Department Faculty of Technical Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia RT-RK Institute for Computer Based Systems LLC Novi Sad Serbia

The rapid development of digital technology has brought about the challenge of ensuring information security. Cryptography and steganography are among the various techniques available to address this challenge. These techniques come in different forms and provide reliable means of securing information and communication. Despite the existence of numerous options, new variations are still emerging. This paper concentrates on Least Significant Bit (LSB) coding, which is one of the most widely recognized and frequently utilized steganography techniques. The advantages of LSB-based coding methods are high capacity and low complexity. However, predictability is an issue. Audio files’ sizes and data redundancy make audio data perfect for steganography, as it is possible to embed large amounts of secret information and easily transmit the signal via various communication channels. However, the use of LSB coding in audio steganography has a drawback due to the extreme sensitivity of the human auditory system (HAS). This means that any noise added to the audio with data embedded in the LSBs can be detected by the HAS, which is dependent on the number of LSBs used. This work presents an improvement of the LSB-based approach, the XORing of LSBs method, with an emphasis on enhanced security. The method achieves this by randomly picking the pairs of bits to be XOR’d while preserving the characteristics of classic LSB methods. To verify the method, it has been implemented on the Cirrus Logic DSP, proving that it may be efficiently used in a real-time audio environment without interfering with HAS sensitivity levels.

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Dynamic Analysis and Circuit Design of a New 3D Highly Chaotic System and its Application to Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) and Image Encryption

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SN Computer Science 2024年第4期5卷 1-17页

作者： Sambas, Aceng Benkouider, Khaled Kaçar, Sezgin Ceylan, Nurdoğan Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian Sulaiman, Ibrahim Mohammed Mohamed, Mohamad Afendee Ayob, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Muni, Sishu Shankar Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Campus Besut Terengganu Kuala 22200 Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Muhamadiyah Tasikmalaya Tamansari Gobras Tasikmalaya 46196 Indonesia Department of Electronics Faculty of Technology Badji-Mokhtar University B.P. 12 Sidi Ammar Annaba 23000 Algeria Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Serdivan Sakarya 54050 Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Adıyaman University Merkez Adıyaman 02040 Turkey Centre for Control Systems Vel Tech University Tamil Nadu Chennai 600062 India School of Quantitative Science University Utara Malaysia Sintok Kedah Bukit Kayu Hitam 06010 Malaysia Faculty of Education and Arts Sohar University Sohar 311 Oman Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Gong Badak Terengganu Kuala Terengganu 21300 Malaysia Department of Physical Sciences Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India

In this paper, a new 3D dynamical system with four quadratic nonlinear terms is presented. It is shown that the proposed chaotic system has two saddle-foci, unstable, equilibrium points. Thus, the proposed chaotic system exhibits self-excited chaotic attractors. Dynamical analysis methods such as Lyapunov exponents spectrum, bifurcation diagrams, and phase portraits are used to explore the complex dynamical behaviors of the proposed chaotic system and analyze its basic qualitative properties. It is shown that the maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) of the new chaotic system is 7.196, which is a high value. The proposed highly chaotic system exhibits high complexity and it will be very useful for applications in cryptography, encryption and secure communications. The physical feasibility of the proposed system is verified by implementing its electronic circuit schematic using Multisim software. Additionally, a PRNG has been developed using the derived state variables and analyze with NIST-800–22 test. Lastly, we developed a PRNG-based image encryption and employ it for an encryption. The experimental outcomes obtained prove that the 3D chaotic system-based encryption application presented in this section has a very good performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Chaos Image encryption Pseudo random number generator

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Seamless Graph Task Scheduling over Dynamic Vehicular Clouds: A Hybrid Methodology for Integrating Pilot and Instantaneous Decisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Guo, Bingshuo Liwang, Minghui Xia, Xiaoyu Li, Li Jiao, Zhenzhen Hosseinalipour, Seyyedali Wang, Xianbin School of Informatics Xiamen University Fujian China School of Computing Technologies RMIT University MelbourneVIC Australia Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China iF-Labs Beijing Teleinfo Technology Co. Ltd. CAICT China Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo-SUNY NY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University ON Canada

Vehicular clouds (VCs) play a crucial role in the Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem by securing essential computing resources for a wide range of tasks. This paPertackles the intricacies of resource provisioning in dynamic VCs for computation-intensive tasks, represented by undirected graphs for parallel processing over multiple vehicles. We model the dynamics of VCs by considering multiple factors, including varying communication quality among vehicles, fluctuating computing capabilities of vehicles, uncertain contact duration among vehicles, and dynamic data exchange costs between vehicles. Our primary goal is to obtain feasible assignments between task components and nearby vehicles, called templates, in a timely manner with minimized task completion time and data exchange overhead. To achieve this, we propose a hybrid graph task scheduling (P-HTS) methodology that combines offline and online decision-making modes. For the offline mode, we introduce an approach called risk-aware pilot isomorphic subgraph searching (RA-PilotISS), which predicts feasible solutions for task scheduling in advance based on historical information. Then, for the online mode, we propose time-efficient instantaneous isomorphic subgraph searching (TE-InstaISS), serving as a backup approach for quickly identifying new optimal scheduling template when the one identified by RA-PilotISS becomes invalid due to changing conditions. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate the superiority of our proposed hybrid mechanism compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of various evaluative metrics, e.g., time efficiency such as the delay caused by seeking for possible templates and task completion time, as well as cost function, upon considering different VC scales and graph task topologies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost functions

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