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Evolution of optical networks: from legacy networks to next-generation networks

Journal of Optical Communications 2023年第s1期44卷 S955-S970页

作者： Al-Tarawneh, Luae Alqatawneh, Ali Tahat, Ashraf Saraereh, Omar The King Abdullah II School for Electrical Engineering Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan The Department of Communications Electronics and Computer Engineering Tafila Technical University College of Engineering Tafila Jordan Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan Electrical Engineering Department The Hashemite University Faculty of Engineering Zarqa Zarqa Jordan

The requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has been witnessed in the domain of the telecommunication industry, which has opened new horizons for connectivity among humans and devices alike especially, in the era of 5G. The advancement from TDM multiplexed signal transmitted over copper wire to the flexible and smart grid along with ethernet passive optical networks or space division multiplexed over optic fiber introducing enormous speed in 100 of Gbps has contributed to the fastest communication. The heterogeneous structure and network complexity require the automating of telecommunication services which have been assisted with the incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence, highlighting the new era of communication with the reliability and fastest accessibility. This survey reports the evolution of optical carrier generations and advancement in networks along with the fundamental achievements to comprehend the supportive competition while highlighting the gaps and challenges for future work. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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Multiport DC-DC Converter for Integrating Energy Systems in All-Electric Vehicles

Multiport DC-DC Converter for Integrating Energy Systems in ...

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International Conference on electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC)

作者： Immanuel N. Jiya Pasan Gunawardena Huynh Van Khang Nand Kishor Yunwei Li Department of Engineering Sciences University of Agder Grimstad Norway Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Faculty of Engineering Østfold University College Norway

In this paper, a new non-isolated multiport dc-dc converter (MPC) of non-inverting buck-boost configuration is proposed for integrating multiple energy resources in automotive applications. A typical example of such automotive application is an electric vehicle (EV), powered by one or more renewable energy sources (RESs) and consisting of one or more energy storage systems (ESSs), e.g. batteries and supercapacitors. The inputs to the MPC are clustered based on source or storage and integrated using uni- or bi-directional switches, respectively. It is capable of bi-directional operation between the storage cluster and the dc link, allowing for a simultaneous transfer of energy from more than one source of varying voltage levels (irrespective of its' cluster) to the dc link. The proposed MPC is analysed for four inputs, comprising of two per cluster in this paper. As compared to existing MPCs in literature, the proposed converter utilizes a fixed number (two) of inductors and is robust such that it requires only one additional switch to integrate any extra energy storage or source in a respective cluster. Different operating modes of the proposed MIC are numerically verified and validated on OPAL-RT's OP5700 hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Automotive applications Transportation DC-DC power converters Bidirectional control Voltage Switches

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Compact S-Band Low-Pass Filter with Enhanced Suppression using Inductive Compensated Resonators and BSF Feed Line

Compact S-Band Low-Pass Filter with Enhanced Suppression usi...

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International Conference on Information Technology (INCIT)

作者： Ravee Phromloungsri Thanapat Chiawchanwattana Somkuan Srisawat Krittachai Boonsivanon Somchat Sonasang Mitchai Chongcheawchamnan Computer and Communication Engineering Faculty of Technology Udon Thani Rajabhat University Udon Thani Thailand Electrical Elements and Wireless Devices Unit (EEWDU) Faculty Industrial Technology Nakhon Phanom University Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798350366303

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366310

This paper presents an innovative technique for designing a compact L-band and S-band microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) utilizing cascaded resonators with doubly inductive compensated coupled lines. The proposed design significantly enhances signal suppression in the transition and stopbands compared to conventional stub-based LPFs. A closed-form design equation is provided for ease of implementation. Simulation and experimental results for a 2.75 GHz cut-off frequency LPF demonstrate an insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB, return loss exceeding 24 dB, and suppression performance over 52 dB at 5.5 GHz. The compact size and superior suppression performance make this filter ideal for modern microwave systems.

关键词： Microstrip filters Resonator filters Low-pass filters Insertion loss Loss measurement Frequency measurement Feeds Microwave filters Resonators L-band

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Human-Robot Skill Transfer with Enhanced Compliance via Dynamic Movement Primitives

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hong, Jayden Zhang, Zengjie Soufi Enayati, Amir M. Najjaran, Homayoun The Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science University of Victoria VictoriaBC Canada The Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

Finding an efficient way to adapt robot trajectory is a priority to improve overall performance of robots. One approach for trajectory planning is through transferring human-like skills to robots by Learning from Demonstrations (LfD). The human demonstration is considered the target motion to mimic. However, human motion is typically optimal for human embodiment but not for robots because of the differences between human biomechanics and robot dynamics. The Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP) framework is a viable solution for this limitation of LfD, but it requires tuning the second-order dynamics in the formulation. Our contribution is introducing a systematic method to extract the dynamic features from human demonstration to auto-tune the parameters in the DMP framework. In addition to its use with LfD, another utility of the proposed method is that it can readily be used in conjunction with Reinforcement Learning (RL) for robot training. In this way, the extracted features facilitate the transfer of human skills by allowing the robot to explore the possible trajectories more efficiently and increasing robot compliance significantly. We introduced a methodology to extract the dynamic features from multiple trajectories based on the optimization of human-likeness and similarity in the parametric space. Our method was implemented into an actual human-robot setup to extract human dynamic features and used to regenerate the robot trajectories following both LfD and RL with DMP. It resulted in a stable performance of the robot, maintaining a high degree of human-likeness based on accumulated distance error as good as the best heuristic tuning. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Study of New Generation Optical Networks with Regards to Type of Optical Amplifiers Connected in the Network 23

Study of New Generation Optical Networks with Regards to Typ...

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23rd Slovak-Czech-Polish Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

作者： Látal, Jan Šiška, Petr Hejduk, Stanislav Seyringer, Dana Dohnal, Fadi Chovan, Jozef Uherek, František Štípal, Jiří Trubák, Kamil Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VSB-Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba708 00 Czech Republic Research Centre for Microtechnology Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences Hochschulstraße 1 Dornbirn6850 Austria Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information International Laser Centre Ilkovičova 3 Bratislava841 04 Slovakia Institute of Electronics and Photonics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Slovak University of Technology Ilkovičova 3 Bratislava812 19 Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9781510688094

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688087

Nowadays, there is strong demand for high-bitrate systems that can provide and distribute large bandwidth while assuring minimal error rate and high-quality communication with regards to the implementation of cloud centres, new 6G networks and smart applications. This all leads to continuous dynamic development in the field of xPON networks bringing new solutions for future optical networks. The presented work focuses on NG-PON2 networks, which are represented by Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) (G.989.1) or Super-PON (IEEE P802.3cs). The basis of the introduced topology is in combination of wave and time access through the TWDM-PON network. In our simulation, we were focusing on the utilization of eight wavelengths operating in the C and L band with amplifiers implementation, namely Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) or Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). Regarding to used amplifier the ODN (Optical Distribution Network) reach of TWDM-PON were studied as well as the bitrate of 10 Gbps per wavelength in both upstream and downstream directions with the help of parameters such as bit error rate (BER), Q-factor. From the simulation results, it is shown that by implementing an EDFA amplifier, a longer range of up to 60 km and a lower BER than that of SOA can be achieved. The proposed TWDM-PON system provides a communication network for urban as well as rural areas with guaranteed high bit rates and range. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Erbium doped fiber amplifiers

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Equivariant Frames and the Impossibility of Continuous Canonicalization

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dym, Nadav Lawrence, Hannah Siegel, Jonathan W. Faculty of Mathematics Faculty of Computer Science Technion Israel Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT MA United States Department of Mathematics Texas A&M University TX United States

Canonicalization provides an architecture-agnostic method for enforcing equivariance, with generalizations such as frame-averaging recently gaining prominence as a lightweight and flexible alternative to equivariant architectures. Recent works have found an empirical benefit to using probabilistic frames instead, which learn weighted distributions over group elements. In this work, we provide strong theoretical justification for this phenomenon: for commonly-used groups, there is no efficiently computable choice of frame that preserves continuity of the function being averaged. In other words, unweighted frame-averaging can turn a smooth, non-symmetric function into a discontinuous, symmetric function. To address this fundamental robustness problem, we formally define and construct weighted frames, which provably preserve continuity, and demonstrate their utility by constructing efficient and continuous weighted frames for the actions of SO(d), O(d), and Sn on point clouds. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Anomaly Detection Based on Principle of Justifiable Granularity and Probability Density Estimation

Anomaly Detection Based on Principle of Justifiable Granular...

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2023 China Automation Congress, CAC 2023

作者： Du, Sheng Ma, Xian Li, Xiang Wu, Min Cao, Weihua Pedrycz, Witold School of Automation China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Wuhan430074 China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education Wuhan430074 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw00-901 Poland Istinye University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Sariyer Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303759

Anomaly detection is essential to ensure the safety of industrial processes. This paper presents an anomaly detection approach based on the probability density estimation and principle of justifiable granularity. First, time series data are transformed into a two-dimensional information granule by the principle of justifiable granularity. Then, the test statistic is constructed, and the probability density and cumulative distribution functions of the test statistic are calculated. Next, the confidence level determines the test threshold. Finally, the time series data of a key parameter in the sintering process is used as a case study. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed approach can detect abnormal time series data effectively, providing an accurate and effective solution for detecting time series anomalies in industrial processes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Time series

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Exploring the Impact of Real and Synthetic Data in Image Classification: A Comprehensive Investigation Using CIFAKE Dataset

Exploring the Impact of Real and Synthetic Data in Image Cla...

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International Conference on control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Amila Akagic Emir Buza Medina Kapo Mahdi Bohlouli Department of Computer Science and Informatics Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina Research and Innovation Department Petanux GmbH Bonn Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350373974

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373981

This research explores into the utilization of synthetic data within image classification tasks and evaluates its efficiency in comparison to the utilization of real data. To facilitate this investigation, we employ the CIFAKE dataset, comprising the well-established CIFAR10 dataset and an equivalent number of images synthetically generated using the Latent Diffusion Model (LDM). The increasing demand for diverse and abundant labeled datasets has prompted the emergence of synthetic data as a potential solution to address data scarcity. Within this study, we scrutinize the performance of image classification models trained on both real and synthetic datasets. To ensure a comprehensive evaluation, we alternately apply test data across different models. Our analysis encompasses diverse factors, including classification accuracy, generalization capabilities, and robustness in various scenarios. The findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of synthetic data as a viable alternative or complement to real data in the realm of image classification.

关键词： Training Measurement Neural networks Process control Data models Robustness Information technology Synthetic data Image classification Testing

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Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Reflector with Doubly Interdigital Structure for 5G Use Cases

Design of Miniaturized Metamaterial Reflector with Doubly In...

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International electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tanee Somwong Pongsathorn Chomtong Jirayut Khamsuthat Nonchanutt Chudpooti Prayoot Akkaraekthalin Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Nonthaburi Thailand Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering Faculty of Technical Education King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331543952

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543969

This paper presents the design of a miniaturized metamaterial reflector composing of an open-loop transmission line unit cell structure. The transmission line ends are connected by using a double interdigital technique, resulting in a large capacitive value compared to the conventional methods. When combined with the open-loop line employing the trisection step-impedance structure with adjusting of the capacitive value, its second and third resonant frequencies will be controllable. As a result, this approach can reduce the unit cell size from a typical value of λ/2 to an approximate value of λ/16, therefore overall size of the reflector is significantly decreased. The designed unit cell is measured to be 1.05 cm × 1.0 cm. We implemented the proposed reflector on an FR-4 PCB with a relative permittivity of about 4.4, a substrate height (h) of 1.6 mm, and a loss tangent of about 0.02. The operating frequency range targets of 5G use cases were set to be at 1.8 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. When used with a dipole antenna, the bandwidths of 390 MHz, 604 MHz, and 1.1 GHz and the antenna gains of about 8.23 dB, 8.14 dB, and 8.19 dB were obtained at the operating frequencies, respectively.

关键词： Wireless communication 5G mobile communication Dipole antennas Simulation Resonant frequency Reflector antennas Transmission line measurements Metamaterials Gain Substrates

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WARA-PS:a research arena for public safety demonstrations and autonomous collaborative rescue robotics experimentation

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Autonomous Intelligent Systems 2021年第1期1卷 104-134页

作者： Olov Andersson Patrick Doherty Mårten Lager Jens-Olof Lindh Linnea Persson Elin A.Topp Jesper Tordenlid Bo Wahlberg Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Saab Kockums MalmöSweden Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden Department of Computer Science Lund UniversityLundSweden Saab Combitech AB LinköpingSweden Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical EngineeringLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden

A research arena(WARA-PS)for sensing,data fusion,user interaction,planning and control of collaborative autonomous aerial and surface vehicles in public safety applications is *** objective is to demonstrate scientific discoveries and to generate new directions for future research on autonomous systems for societal *** enabler is a computational infrastructure with a core system architecture for industrial and academic *** includes a control and command system together with a framework for planning and executing tasks for unmanned surface vehicles and aerial *** motivating application for the demonstration is marine search and rescue operations.A state-of-art delegation framework for the mission planning together with three specific applications is also *** first one concerns model predictive control for cooperative rendezvous of autonomous unmanned aerial and surface *** second project is about learning to make safe real-time decisions under uncertainty for autonomous vehicles,and the third one is on robust terrain-aided navigation through sensor fusion and virtual reality tele-operation to support a GPS-free positioning system in marine *** research results have been experimentally evaluated and demonstrated to industry and public sector audiences at a marine test *** would be most difficult to do experiments on this large scale without the WARA-PS research ***,these demonstrator activities have resulted in effective research dissemination with high public visibility,business impact and new research collaborations between academia and industry.

关键词： Autonomous systems Intelligent system architectures Research demonstration arena Autonomous drones Autonomous marine vessels Public safety and security Collaborative robotics

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