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Towards characterizing bug fixes through dependency-level changes in Apache Java open source projects

Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第7期65卷 102-120页

作者： Di CUI Lingling FAN Sen CHEN Yuanfang CAI Qinghua ZHENG Yang LIU Ting LIU School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Cyber Science Nankai University College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Department of Computer Science Drexel University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

The complexity and diversity of bug fixes require developers to understand bug fixes from multiple perspectives in addition to fine-grained code changes. The dependencies among files in a software system are an important dimension to inform software quality. Recent studies have revealed that most bug-prone files are always architecturally connected with dependencies, and as one of the best practices in the industry,changes in dependencies should be avoided or carefully made during bug fixing. Hence, in this paper, we take the first attempt to understand bug fixes from the dependencies perspective, which can complement existing code change perspectives. Based on this new perspective, we conducted a systematic and comprehensive study on bug fixes collected from 157 Apache open source projects, involving 140456 bug reports and182621 bug fixes in total. Our study results show that a relatively high proportion of bug fixes(30%) introduce dependency-level changes when fixing the corresponding 33% bugs. The bugs, whose fixes introduce dependency-level changes, have a strong correlation with high priority, large fixing churn, long fixing time,frequent bug reopening, and bug inducing. More importantly, patched files with dependency-level changes in their fixes, consume much more maintenance costs compared with those without these changes. We further summarized three representative patch patterns to explain the reasons for the increasing costs. Our study unveils useful findings based on qualitative and quantitative analysis and also provides new insights that might benefit existing bug prediction techniques. We release a large set of benchmarks and also implement a prototype tool to automatically detect dependency-level changes from bug fixes, which can warn developers and remind them to design a better fix.

关键词： empirical software engineering software maintenance software evolution software architecture software design

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An efficient data aggregation scheme with local differential privacy in smart grid

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第3期8卷 333-342页

作者： Na Gai Kaiping Xue Bin Zhu Jiayu Yang Jianqing Liu Debiao He School of Cyber Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL35899USA Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing of Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhanBeihu430072China

By integrating the traditional power grid with information and communication technology, smart grid achieves dependable, efficient, and flexible grid data processing. The smart meters deployed on the user side of the smart grid collect the users' power usage data on a regular basis and upload it to the control center to complete the smart grid data acquisition. The control center can evaluate the supply and demand of the power grid through aggregated data from users and then dynamically adjust the power supply and price, etc. However, since the grid data collected from users may disclose the user's electricity usage habits and daily activities, privacy concern has become a critical issue in smart grid data aggregation. Most of the existing privacy-preserving data collection schemes for smart grid adopt homomorphic encryption or randomization techniques which are either impractical because of the high computation overhead or unrealistic for requiring a trusted third party.

关键词： Local differential privacy Data aggregation Smart grid Privacy preserving

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Distributed Timestamp Mechanism Based on Verifiable Delay Functions

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computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1633-1646页

作者： Qiang Wu Zhaoyang Han Ghulam Mohiuddin Yongjun Ren Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics of Ministry of Education School of Computer ScienceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210008China Department of Cyber Security at VaporVM Abu Dhabi999041United Arab Emirates

In the data communication system,the real-time information interaction of communication device increases the risk of privacy sensitive data being tam-pered ***,maintaining data security is one of the most important issues in network data *** the timestamp is the most impor-tant way to authenticate data in information interaction,it is very necessary to pro-vide timestamp service in the data communication ***,the existing centralized timestamp mechanism is difﬁcult to provide credible timestamp ser-vice,and users can conspire with timestamping servers to forge ***,this paper designs a distributed timestamp mechanism based on contin-uous veriﬁable delay *** utilizes multiple independent timestamp servers to provide timestamp services in a distributed model and appends the timestamp to the data once the data is ***,it can prove that the data already exists at a certain time and ensure the accuracy of the ***,a digital blind signature based on elliptic curve cryptography is utilized to solve the problem of timestamp forgery in timestamp ***,the security ana-lysis of the scheme ensures the data security of data communication system and the concurrency rate of *** experimental results also show that the scheme greatly improves the efﬁciency of digital signatures.

关键词： Timestamp veriﬁable delay functions blockchain

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The Principles of Information security and the Challenges Facing the Internet of Things in Developing Countries 3

The Principles of Information Security and the Challenges Fa...

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3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications, eSmarTA 2023

作者： Abdu, Mohammed Abdulwahed M. Murshed, Abdullah Qaid Mohammed Alhammadi, Akram Saeed Aqlan Alsaeed College for Engineering & It Taiz University It Department Taiz Yemen Taiz University Alsaeed College for Engineering & It Computer Network and Cyber Security Department Taiz Yemen

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305333

The modern age is witnessing a significant development in information technology. The Internet of Things (henceforth IoT) technology is one such advancement. Since its emergence, it has affected people's life positively. For instance, it has provided many services to people, made their life easier and reduced effort with more accurate information in concurrent time. Although IoT technology has considerably advanced since its inception, it still faces many challenges. The biggest of which is how to protect the privacy and confidentiality of data. Consequently, information security challenges have increased to keep up with IoT technology's large amount of information. In this paper, the researchers collected, analysed and summarised reliable, relevant sources to obtain information that addressed various security threats. This paper, therefore, sheds light on the most prominent challenges facing information security in the revolution of IoT in developing countries. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Developing countries

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A Proposed Approach for Risk Planning and Management 25

A Proposed Approach for Risk Planning and Management

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25th International Arab Conference on Information technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Al Refai, Mohammed N. Al-Smadi, Yazan Al-Momani, Adai Jamhawi, Zeyad M. Otoom, Ahmed Ali Atoum, Issa Yaseen, Ahid Ababneh, Jafar Kanan, Mohammad Zarqa University Software Engineering Dep. Zarqa Jordan Zarqa University Department of Computer Science Zarqa Jordan Applied Science Private University Department of Computer Science Amman Jordan Applied Science Private University Department of Cyber Security Amman Jordan Philadelphia University Faculty of Information Technology Software Engineering Department Jordan Zarqa University Department of Cyber Security Zarqa Jordan University of Business and Technelogy Dep. of Industry Engineering Jeddah21432 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

Project Risk management is the process of identifying, evaluating, avoiding, or reducing risks. Where there is no software project without risks existence are natural in the context of project planning and management. This study focuses on proposing an enhanced risk management approach where testing phases were added to make the risk management process more effective by proposing solutions to many mistakes and challenges that occur through dealing with risks. The proposed approach focuses on dealing with risks that cannot be easily defined, more accurate risk evaluation, planning, and managing risk coordinated with a contingency plan. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Project management

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On the Modification of Ring Consistent Hash Uniformity: A Case Study

On the Modification of Ring Consistent Hash Uniformity: A Ca...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Waqas, Muhammad Lin, Sian-Jheng Liu, Bin Fazi, Adnan School of Cyber Security University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Security Anhui Hefei China Air University University Department of Avionics Engineering Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

Distributed systems' applications employ distributed hashing for minimal dispersal, load balancing, and efficient lookups. One such scheme is Ring Consistent Hashing (RCH), which was initially proposed to tackle the issue of web hotspots. Later, it gained popularity in numerous practical ap-plications due to its structured node placement and O(N)) asymptotic complexity. Despite its popularity, RCH's uniformity is usually worse than other hashing schemes, such as the Highest Random Weight (HRW) and Anchor Hash (AH). For this reason, virtual nodes are introduced in RCH, which increases the memory footprint of the original scheme and restricts its scalability. In this paper, we propose a modification to the existing mapping rule between nodes and keys in the RCH scheme. We develop theoretical arguments and conduct several simulations on the conventional RCH algorithm using modified rule. The results show that the modified rule utilizes only half the number of virtual nodes compared to the original R CH for the same performance, resulting in significantly improved uniformity. Moreover, the memory footprint of the modified RCH is nearly halved compared to the original RCH, owing to the reduced number of virtual nodes. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate that the modified scheme surpasses HRW and AH in lookup rate and memory usage, making it a superior choice for large-scale distributed systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Table lookup

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Honeypot Comparison of Attack Detection and Mitigation of SSH Attack 3

Honeypot Comparison of Attack Detection and Mitigation of SS...

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3rd IEEE Delhi Section Flagship Conference, DELCON 2024

作者： Ali, Wasif Sajid, Ahthasham Ghodke, Tanvi Ajit Malik, Rida Malik, Neeru Kaushik, Keshav Riphah Institute of System Engineering Riphah International University Department of Cyber Security Islamabad Pakistan Pimpri Chinchwad University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maharashtra India School of Engineering & Technology Pimpri Chinchwad University Maharashtra Pune India Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Mohali India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518592

This research study addresses the importance of honeypots at multiple levels, which includes but not limited to placement in network or group of networks working alongside in an organization. This paper talks about the usage of multiple honeypots working alongside to log useful data for the mitigation of ongoing bot or actual attack this approach helps the organization better understand the threat they are dealing and the techniques which they can use to overcome the gap of the unseen security risks. The comparison will shed better light to the working and attack patterns of the ongoing attacks, gaining more confidence on using the honeypot for better protection. This allows strategic, optimized and critical insight to the evolving attack patterns. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques for Enhanced Predictive Maintenance in the Manufacturing Sector 2

Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques for Enhanced Predictiv...

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2nd International Conference on Networking, Embedded and Wireless Systems, ICNEWS 2024

作者： Wadibhasme, Rashmi N. Naresh, Mallireddy Vikram Arun Sankar, V.V. Suresh, P. Jermina, F. YCCE Department of Information Technology Maharashtra Nagpur India Aditya College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Engineering 533437 India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Karunya School of Management Coimbatore641114 India Karpagam College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Coimbatore India Muthayammal Engineering College Mechanical Engineering India Karpagam College of Engineering Department of Cyber Security Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367461

The contributions of machine learning algorithms to predictive maintenance systems, such as classification, regression, and anomaly detection, are investigated to clarify their functions in forecasting equipment malfunctions and optimizing maintenance schedules. Notwithstanding the potential for profound change, specific obstacles including the quality of data, the ease of interpretation, and the financial implications of implementation require careful deliberation. This paper highlights the concrete advantages gained from the implementation of predictive maintenance by employing case studies and numerical analysis. These benefits include decreased equipment outage, improved equipment reliability, and lower maintenance expenses. The results emphasize the critical nature of predictive maintenance in the manufacturing sector, shedding light on its potential to transform processes and guarantee ongoing efficiency. With the increasing adoption of digitalization and analytics across industries, predictive maintenance emerges as a critical element in enhancing manufacturing sector efficiency and competitiveness. This highlights the ongoing imperative for innovative and adaptable practices that strive for operational excellence. In performance comparisons for predictive maintenance, Neural Networks achieved the highest metrics with 96.3% accuracy, 94.8% precision, 97.2% recall, and a 95.9% F1 score. Random Forests followed with 94.5% accuracy, 92.7% precision, 95.8% recall, and a 94.2% F1 score. Decision Trees showed 92.1% accuracy, 89.3% precision, 94.2% recall, and 91.7% F1 score, while Logistic Regression had the lowest performance with 85.2% accuracy, 82.6% precision, 87.5% recall, and an 84.8% F1 score. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive maintenance

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Application of Data Analysis and Visualization Tools for U.S. Renewable Solar Energy Generation, Its Sustainability Benefits, and Teaching In engineering Curriculum

Application of Data Analysis and Visualization Tools for U.S...

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2024 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Radhakrishnan, Ben D. Altamirano, Nelson Jaurez, James J. Department of Engineering Data and Computer Sciences College of Business Engineering and Technology National University San DiegoCA United States Department of Finance Economics Marketing and Accounting College of Business Engineering and Technology National University San DiegoCA United States Department of Computer Science & Cyber Security College of Business Engineering and Technology National University San DiegoCA United States

The advancement of Data Analysis technologies with visualization has gained significant ground in the industries and they are also gaining ground in higher education curriculum. This research will focus on the application of these techniques to the energy industry - in particular, solar renewable energy generation in all the States in the United States (US). One strong opposing action against the progression of climate change is the use of renewable energy. The objective of the research is to develop a case study on renewable solar energy and its impact on abating or preventing CO2 emissions to help reduce the severe impacts of climate change in the United States and demonstrate how it supports the 3Es of sustainability at the same time. This research paper will specifically explore the past production of solar energy in all the states in the US, and with the use of data analysis tools will predict the production to the year 2030. The reduction of CO2 emissions with the use of renewable solar energy is in direct support of the three elements of sustainability, namely the 3Es: Environment, Economics, and Equity (or social justice). This research will quantify the past benefits already realized in all these three areas for solar energy, and project them up to 2030. Cluster analysis technique will be applied to solar generation across all US States to identify group(s) at distinct levels of production. This can help States to follow the leading State(s) policy and process to increase their solar generation and thus help manage climate change. Solar energy generation challenges and recycling issues of solar equipment will also be addressed. This case study approach will fill a gap that currently exists in engineering education when it comes to exploring renewable energy and its sustainability benefits with modern data analysis tools. This research will use publicly available data sources (e.g., NREL, EIA), ubiquitous Excel, and open-source data analytics and prediction

关键词： Curricula

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FESR - Framework to evaluate Software Reliability based on software metrics 24

FESR - Framework to evaluate Software Reliability based on s...

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8th International Conference on High Performance Compilation, Computing and Communications, HP3C 2024

作者： Fahad, Hurriya Ahmed, Irfan Mahmood, Jabar Saman Batool, Khadija Ali, Qasim Department of Computer Science University of Sialkot Sialkot Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security School of Cyber Science and Technology College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310007 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716904

Evaluating reliability of software is hot concern for decision makers and software engineers seeing as if we assess, it cannot be mastered. It is common that reliability of system stratum could be employed for evaluating growth of testing of system with help of comparison of failure of currently implemented software with required system. It is also generic that reliability of system echelon assures improved utilization by the user consequently enhanced contentment of customers. In this paper, our goal is to put forward a meticulously analysis of reliability measurement process. As the existing approaches still lack software reliability, quality and its growth, successful generation of test cases, scalability with large software systems, cost and customer satisfaction. we have projected a new framework of software reliability measurement process based on software metrics. Our model is evaluated by comparing it with an existing model and a published case study. The control experiment is used to evaluate FESR Framework. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Software quality

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