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An Enhanced Privacy Preserving, Secure and Efficient Authentication Protocol for VANET

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3703-3719页

作者： Safiullah Khan Ali Raza Seong Oun Hwang Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam13320Korea ENSAIT GEMTEX-Laboratoire de Genie et Materiaux TextilesUniversity of LilleLilleF59000France School of Computing&Institute of Cyber Security(ICSS) University of KentUnited Kingdom Department of Computer Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam13320Korea

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted growing interest in both academia and industry because they can provide a viable solutionthat improves road safety and comfort for travelers on roads. However, wireless communications over open-access environments face many security andprivacy issues that may affect deployment of large-scale VANETs. Researchershave proposed different protocols to address security and privacy issues in aVANET, and in this study we cryptanalyze some of the privacy preservingprotocols to show that all existing protocols are vulnerable to the Sybilattack. The Sybil attack can be used by malicious actors to create fakeidentities that impair existing protocols, which allows them to imitate trafficcongestion or at worse cause an accident that may result in the loss of humanlife. This vulnerability exists because those protocols store vehicle identitiesin an encrypted form, and it is not possible to search over the encryptedidentities to find fake vehicles. This attack is serious in nature and veryprevalent for privacy-preserving protocols. To cope with this kind of attack,we propose a novel and practical protocol that uses Public key encryptionwith an equality test (PKEET) to search over the encrypted identities withoutleaking any information, and eventually eliminate the Sybil attack. Theproposed approach improves security and at the same time maintains privacyin VANET. Our performance analysis indicates that the proposed protocoloutperforms state-of-the-art protocols: The proposed beacon generation timeis constant compared to a linear increase in existing protocols, with beaconverification shown to be faster by 7.908%. Our communicational analysisshows that the proposed protocol with a beacon size of 322 bytes has the leastcommunicational overhead compared to other state-of-the-art protocols.

关键词： VANET authentication protocol cryptanalysis privacy preserving intelligent systems

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Advanced plasmonic sensor design for sperm detection with machine learning-driven optimization

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第5期57卷 1-20页

作者： Wekalao, Jacob Mandela, Ngaira Mwendwa, Gideon Elamri, Oumaymah Maamar, Alla Eddine Toubal Department of Optics and Optical Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Science and Technology Open University of Kenya The Cradle Silicon Savanna Konza Technopolis P. O. Box 2440 Nairobi Kenya School of Digital Forensics and Cyber Security National Forensic Sciences University Gujarat Gandhinagar382007 India of Marrakech Marrakech40000 Morocco Department of Electrical Systems Engineering Faculty of Technology University of M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes Boumerdes Frantz Fanon City35000 Algeria

This study investigates the optimization of surface plasmon resonance parameters for the development of a high-sensitivity, label-free sperm detection system. An analysis was performed to evaluate critical optical and plasmonic parameters within the frequency range of 0.12–0.129 THz. A detailed parametric analysis was conducted, examining key sensing metrics including refractive index variations (n = 1.33–1.3461), sensitivity (S), figure of merit (FOM), detection limit (DL), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results demonstrate a significant enhancement in sensing performance, with optimal FOM values of 131.579RIU−1 achieved at frequencies of 0.123 and 0.12 THz, and corresponding detection limit values reaching 0.013. The system exhibits stable spectral characteristics, maintaining a consistent full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.038 across the investigated frequency range. Peak sensitivity values of 5000 GHz/RIU were observed, concurrent with a constant detection angle (DA) of 26.316. The quality factor (Q) exhibited a decrease from 3.395 to 3.158 with decreasing frequency, indicating an optimal operational range. A controlled decrease in the dynamic range (DR) from 0.662 to 0.616 was also observed. The optimized parameters demonstrate the potential for implementing highly sensitive, reliable SPR platforms suitable for both clinical diagnostics and research applications in biomedical applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance

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IoT Authentication Protocols: Classification, Trend and Opportunities

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 2024年第3期10卷 515-533页

作者： N.alsheavi, Amar Hawbani, Ammar Wang, Xingfu Othman, Wajdy Zhao, Liang Liu, Zhi Alsamhi, Saeed Hamood Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A. University of Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui Hefei230027 China Shenyang Aerospace University School of Computer Science Shenyang110136 China Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of ITAI School of Cyber Science Tianjin300459 China The University of Electro-Communications Department of Computer and Network Engineering Tokyo Japan University of Galway Insight Centre for Data Analytics Galway Ireland IBB University Faculty of Engineering Ibb Yemen Zhejiang Normal University College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jinhua321004 China Zhejiang Institute of Optoelectronics Jinhua321004 China

This paper reviews three main aspects of authentication protocols of Internet of Things (IoT): classifications and limitations, current trends, and opportunities. First, we explore the significance of IoT authentication protocols in ensuring secure communication and the protection of transmitted and received data, focusing on the classifications and associated limitations. Second, we discuss the latest developments and trends, such as using blockchain technology and machine learning to enhance authentication protocols. Third, we highlight the future opportunities, including the development of human-centric authentication designs and improved platform interoperability. At the end of this paper, we provided some insights gained for the new researcher, offering analyses of the trends and challenges in this field, giving recommendations for improving IoT authentication protocols, and emphasizing the need for further research and cooperation to develop advanced security solutions. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Beam Splitting Sensing for Terahertz Near-Field Channel Estimation 3

Beam Splitting Sensing for Terahertz Near-Field Channel Esti...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Communications and Computing, ICC 2023

作者： Tang, Shaochen Dong, Zhicheng Zhou, Weixi Cai, Donghong Zhou, Enzhi Lan, Ping College of Information Science Technology Tibet University Lhasa850000 China School of Computer Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610066 China College of Cyber Security Jinan University Guangzhou510632 China School of Computer and Software Engineering Xihua University Chengdu610039 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308327

Terahertz technology is considered as one of the key techniques for future 6G due to its ultra-wide bandwidth and ultra-high communication rate. However, terahertz communication channel estimation faces several significant challenges, one is that extremely-large-scale MIMO communication typically occurs in the near field, which will result in traditional far-field channel estimation schemes no longer being suitable. The other is the beam splitting effect caused by terahertz wideband communication, which leads to a large impact on the steering vector caused by different subcarrier frequencies. In order to solve these problems, this paper first studied the model of THz near-field beam splitting;secondly discussed the construction method of the THz near-field polar dictionary matrix;and then proposed a two-stage beam splitting sensing (Two-stage-BSS) algorithm to improve the accuracy of near-field channel estimation and reduce the impact of beam splitting. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Stability and Generalization for Stochastic Recursive Momentum-based Algorithms for (Strongly-)Convex One to K-Level Stochastic Optimizations 41

Stability and Generalization for Stochastic Recursive Moment...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Pan, Xiaokang Li, Xingyu Liu, Jin Sun, Tao Sun, Kai Chen, Lixing Qu, Zhe Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha China Department of Computer Science Tulane University New Orleans United States College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Institute of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

STOchastic Recursive Momentum (STORM)based algorithms have been widely developed to solve one to K-level (K ≥ 3) stochastic optimization problems. Specifically, they use estimators to mitigate the biased gradient issue and achieve near-optimal convergence results. However, there is relatively little work on understanding their generalization performance, particularly evident during the transition from one to K-level optimization contexts. This paper provides a comprehensive generalization analysis of three representative STORM-based algorithms: STORM, COVER, and SVMR, for one, two, and K-level stochastic optimizations under both convex and strongly convex settings based on algorithmic stability. Firstly, we define stability for K-level optimizations and link it to generalization. Then, we detail the stability results for three prominent STORM-based algorithms. Finally, we derive their excess risk bounds by balancing stability results with optimization errors. Our theoretical results provide strong evidence to complete STORM-based algorithms: (1) Each estimator may decrease their stability due to variance with its estimation target. (2) Every additional level might escalate the generalization error, influenced by the stability and the variance between its cumulative stochastic gradient and the true gradient. (3) Increasing the batch size for the initial computation of estimators presents a favorable trade-off, enhancing the generalization performance. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Feature Selection for Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting Using Particle Swarm Optimisation 25

Feature Selection for Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting Using Pa...

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25th International Arab Conference on Information technology, ACIT 2024

作者： Algendi, Ziad Attar, Hani Hafez, Mohamed A. Al-Faiz, Hussein Ababneh, Jafar Deif, Mohanad A. Misr University for Science and Technology College of Information Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence Egypt Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan College of Engineering Faculty of Engineering Zarqa Jordan University of Business and Technology College of Engineering Jeddah21448 Saudi Arabia INTI-IU Universi Faculty of Engineering Feqs Nilai Malaysia Kajang43000 Malaysia Zarqa University Faculty of Information Technology Cyber Security Department Zarqa Jordan College of Information Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence 6th of October City12566 Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540012

Geomagnetic activity is a significant research area due to its impact on navigation, satellites, and other technologies. The geomagnetic index Kp is particularly essential for monitoring such activity. Forecasting geomagnetic storms can provide early warnings, helping to mitigate potential disasters. Various methods, including empirical models, physics-based models, and machine learning models, are employed for forecasting. This study focuses on Machine learning models, emphasising selecting appropriate features to enhance prediction accuracy. The primary aim was to improve the 3-hour Kp predictions compared to prior research. Model performance was primarily evaluated using the R2 metric. Additionally, RMSE was calculated to ensure comparability with studies that did not use R2. The model's ability to detect storms was assessed by classifying results as Kp>5 (storm) or Kp2 of 0.71, an RMSE of 0.6671, and an F1 score of 0.6. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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Implementation of Maximum Weighted Independent Set through Brute Force and Greedy Heuristics Approaches

Implementation of Maximum Weighted Independent Set through B...

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2024 International Conference on Intelligent Algorithms for Computational Intelligence Systems, IACIS 2024

作者： Noonari, Nooruddin Arshid, Kaleem Fardous, Shamaila Karim, Javed Duraisamy, Sathishkumar Iba Community College Department of Computer Science Naushahro Feroze Sindh Pakistan University of Genova Diten Genova Italy Beijing Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Beijing China University of Genova Strategic and Security Engineering Italy Kathir College of Engineering Dept of Mechanical Engineering Tamilnadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360660

The optimization problem of the Maximum Weighted Independent Set (MWIS) in graph theory is a significant challenge with wide-ranging applications in resource allocation, network design, and scheduling. This paper introduces algorithmic insights using Greedy Heuristics (GH) and Exhaustive Search (ES) methods for MWIS implementation. Implementations are conducted on graphs with varying weights and sizes (12.5%, 25%, 50%), and evaluation parameters include the number of vertices and edges. The study reveals that GH achieves MWIS outcomes with fewer operations and tests compared to ES, demonstrating its efficiency in solving the MWIS problem. The results suggest that GH is a practical alternative for optimizing large graphs efficiently, balancing solution quality and computational effort. These findings have significant implications for real-world applications requiring quick and effective optimization solutions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Mixed Color Channels (MCC): A Universal Module for Mixed Sample Data Augmentation Methods

Mixed Color Channels (MCC): A Universal Module for Mixed Sam...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2022

作者： Wei, Yang Ma, Jianfeng Jiang, Zhongyuan Xiao, Bin School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security China School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunication China

ISBN: (数字)9781665485630

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485630

Color invariance is critical for computer vision systems since it significantly increases the robustness and effectiveness of the system. MSDA approaches (e.g., FMix and CutMix) have attracted considerable attention in recent years since they are simple, effective, and do not require extra computation con-sumption. By mixing samples, these approaches extend the distribution of training samples. However, the color information of these mixed samples is not changed, which makes it still difficult for trained models to achieve color invariance. To address this issue, we propose a universal module called Mixed Color Channels (MCC) that implements color changes by mixing the sample and its color variants, which enables trained models to achieve color invariance. In the experimen-tal section, we insert MCC into four state-of-the-art MSDA approaches, evaluate its effectiveness, and embed MCC into a non-MSDA method to demonstrate its extensibility. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Color

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A Novel Approach for Text Classification by Combining Pre-trained BERT Model with CNN Classifier 6

A Novel Approach for Text Classification by Combining Pre-tr...

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2023 IEEE 6th International Conference on Information Systems and computer Aided Education, ICISCAE 2023

作者： Wang, Chenxu Li, Yulin Wang, Ziying Yancheng Teachers University College of Information Engineering College of Software Jiangsu Yancheng China Henan University of Science and Technology College of Software Henan Luoyang China Chengdu University of Technology College of Computer Science and Cyber Security Oxford Brookes College Sichuan Chengdu China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313444

Language model pre-training has emerged as a highly effective approach for acquiring universal language representations. Among the state-of-the-art models in this field, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. With its advanced architecture and innovative techniques, BERT has consistently delivered impressive results, solidifying its position as a leading language model pre-training model. CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is also widely used in language model *** study presents a novel approach for text classification by combining a pre-trained BERT model with a CNN classifier. The model under consideration attains the highest level of performance currently available on the AG News and Amazon product reviews datasets. The BERT model is applied to produce contextualized embeddings for the input text data, while the CNN classifier executes the classification process. By utilizing the contextualized embeddings of BERT and the n-gram feature capturing of CNN, our model exhibits superior performance in both accuracy and F1 score when compared to the baseline models. The findings indicate the capability of our methodology in analyzing social media, determining sentiment, and classifying documents. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Bidirectional Encoder Representations Transformer Convolutional Neural Network Natural Language Processing text classification

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IoT Based Motion Detector Using Raspberry Pi Gadgetry 5

IoT Based Motion Detector Using Raspberry Pi Gadgetry

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5th International Conference on Information technology for Education and Development, ITED 2022

作者： Idoko, Bartholomew Idoko, John Bush Mahmud Kazaure, Yusuf Zubair Ibrahim, Yahanasu Mohammed Akinsola, Fatai A. Raji, Adereti Rasak Center for Cyber Space Studies Nasarawa State University Department of Cyber Security Keffi Nigeria Applied Artificial Intelligence Research Centre Near East University Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Department of Computer Engineering Nicosia Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781509064229

In this paper, we designed a sophisticated security system that monitors a particular region (home or office) or a distinguished substance, evaluating occurrences within the scene. The system is implemented using gadgetry such as raspberry pi 2 model B, HC-SR501 sensor, Pi camera, mobile phone and a machine learning based python source code integrating the operations of these gadgets with those of SMS and image service clients (Nexmo and IMGUR) respectively. The unified function of these gadgets and services is basically to capture detected image within the scene and send it to a registered mobile phone in form of text message. The accuracy and response time of the proposed integrated system are very high and very low respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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