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A Universal Low-Dimensional Subspace Structure in Beamforming Design: Theory and Applications

IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2025年 73卷 1775-1791页

作者： Zhao, Xiaotong Shi, Qingjiang Tongji University School of Computer Science and Technology Shanghai201804 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China

Beamforming design plays a crucial role in multi-antenna systems, with numerous methods proposed to optimize key performance metrics such as spectral efficiency and power consumption. However, these methods often face two major challenges: high computational complexity and excessive communication overhead in distributed implementations. This paper addresses these challenges by analyzing a general beamforming optimization framework—referred to as the standard-form beam-forming problem—which encompasses various beamforming design tasks. We prove that any positive stationary point of this problem exhibits a low-dimensional subspace (LDS) structure, enabling the development of low-complexity and communication-efficient beamforming algorithms. As an illustrative example, we leverage the LDS structure to propose a computationally efficient beamforming algorithm for weighted sum rate maximization in coordinated multi-cell systems, with provable convergence to stationary points. Furthermore, we decentralize the algorithm for distributed coordinated beamforming, ensuring low interaction costs independent of the number of base station antennas. Notably, the proposed LDS structure is broadly applicable to a wide range of beamforming problems, including integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), and beyond. Extensive numerical simulations validate the effectiveness and versatility of our approach, particularly the general applicability of the LDS structure. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Multibeam antennas

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Effi-CNN: real-time vision-based system for interpretation of sign language using CNN and transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 3137-3159页

作者： Pranav Katarya, Rahul Big Data Analytics and Web Intelligence Laboratory Computer Science & Engineering Department Delhi Technological University New Delhi India

The deaf and mute population has difficulty conveying their thoughts and ideas to others. Sign language is their most expressive mode of communication, but the general public is callow of sign language;therefore, the mute and deaf have difficulty communicating with others. A system that can correctly translate sign language motions to speech and vice versa in real time is required to overcome this communication barrier. Effi-CNN, a vision-based Sign Language Recognition (SLR) system employing transfer learning with EfficientNetB2, is proposed in this paper. We have also developed a system covering sign gestures to text in real time. Our approach was evaluated on eight publicly available datasets, including the Massey University gesture dataset, the ArSL2018 dataset, the MNIST-ASL dataset, and others. When comparing our results to state-of-the-art algorithms, the experimental findings showed that our proposed work is more successful than existing models. Our proposed model delivered an accuracy of 99.90 on MNIST dataset. The results show that our Effi-CNN surpasses most currently existing solutions and can categorize many gestures with a low error rate. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A hybrid memory architecture supporting fine-grained data migration

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第2期18卷 31-41页

作者： Ye CHI Jianhui YUE Xiaofei LIAO Haikun LIU Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan 49931USA

Hybrid memory systems composed of dynamic random access memory(DRAM)and Non-volatile memory(NVM)often exploit page migration technologies to fully take the advantages of different memory *** previous proposals usually migrate data at a granularity of 4 KB pages,and thus waste memory bandwidth and DRAM *** this paper,we propose Mocha,a non-hierarchical architecture that organizes DRAM and NVM in a flat address space physically,but manages them in a cache/memory *** the commercial NVM device-Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules(DCPMM)actually access the physical media at a granularity of 256 bytes(an Optane block),we manage the DRAM cache at the 256-byte size to adapt to this feature of *** design not only enables fine-grained data migration and management for the DRAM cache,but also avoids write amplification for Intel Optane *** also create an Indirect Address Cache(IAC)in Hybrid Memory Controller(HMC)and propose a reverse address mapping table in the DRAM to speed up address translation and cache ***,we exploit a utility-based caching mechanism to filter cold blocks in the NVM,and further improve the efficiency of the DRAM *** implement Mocha in an architectural *** results show that Mocha can improve application performance by 8.2%on average(up to 24.6%),reduce 6.9%energy consumption and 25.9%data migration traffic on average,compared with a typical hybrid memory architecture-HSCC.

关键词： non-volatile memory hybrid memory system data migration fine-grained caching

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Towards Optimization and Assessment of the Chinese New-generation VLBI Network for Earth Orientation Parameters Monitoring

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第2期25卷 256-268页

作者： Hao Xiang Zhong-Kai Zhang Lan Du Ze-Jun Liu Xu-Qiao Wang College of Geospatial Information Information Engineering University Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan University

The Earth Orientation Parameters(EOP) provide a time-varying transition relationship between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame and the International Celestial Reference Frame. To support deep space exploration and the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, the Chinese New-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network(CNVN) is under construction for independent monitoring of the EOP. This paper evaluates the performance of existing 4-antenna CNVN through a batch generated observation schedules followed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The optimal positions of the fifth and sixth antennas of CNVN are found from 24hypothetical antenna positions uniformly distributed in China. In this process, the weighted parameters are optimized, which not only reduce the possibility of large error of EOP estimation accuracy due to unreasonable combination, but also greatly reduce the calculation cost.

关键词： methods: analytical techniques: interferometric reference systems

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CAW-YOLO:Cross-Layer Fusion and Weighted Receptive Field-Based YOLO for Small Object Detection in Remote Sensing

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3209-3231页

作者： Weiya Shi Shaowen Zhang Shiqiang Zhang College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China College of Information Science and Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China

In recent years,there has been extensive research on object detection methods applied to optical remote sensing images utilizing convolutional neural *** these efforts,the detection of small objects in remote sensing remains a formidable *** deep network structure will bring about the loss of object features,resulting in the loss of object features and the near elimination of some subtle features associated with small objects in deep ***,the features of small objects are susceptible to interference from background features contained within the image,leading to a decline in detection ***,the sensitivity of small objects to the bounding box perturbation further increases the detection *** this paper,we introduce a novel approach,Cross-Layer Fusion and Weighted Receptive Field-based YOLO(CAW-YOLO),specifically designed for small object detection in remote *** address feature loss in deep layers,we have devised a cross-layer attention fusion *** noise is effectively filtered through the incorporation of Bi-Level Routing Attention(BRA).To enhance the model’s capacity to perceive multi-scale objects,particularly small-scale objects,we introduce a weightedmulti-receptive field atrous spatial pyramid ***,wemitigate the sensitivity arising from bounding box perturbation by incorporating the joint Normalized Wasserstein Distance(NWD)and Efficient Intersection over Union(EIoU)*** efficacy of the proposedmodel in detecting small objects in remote sensing has been validated through experiments conducted on three publicly available *** experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the model’s pronounced advantages in small object detection for remote sensing,surpassing the performance of current mainstream models.

关键词： Small object detection attention mechanism cross-layer fusion discrete cosine transform

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HFANet: Hierarchical Feature-Enhanced Aggregation Network for Camouflaged Object Detection

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (science) 2025年 1-9页

作者： Zhang, Xinchao Zhu, Hengliang Mao, Guojun Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou350118 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fuzhou350118 China

Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to identify target objects in complex scenes with extremely high similarity to their surroundings, and has significant applications in military, medical, and other fields. This paper proposes a hierarchical feature-enhanced aggregation network (HFANet) for COD, aiming to address the situations that the target object is highly similar to the background. First, we adopt the pyramid vision Transformer model as the backbone for feature extraction. On top of it, the object-region amplification module and deep interaction guidance module are stacked to enhance the perception of camouflaged objects in complex scenes. Second, an enhanced receptive field module is designed to improve edge perception of camouflaged objects. At last, a multi-scale interactive fusion module is designed by cross-scale connection through adjacent layers, effectively improving the accuracy of COD. The proposed method is evaluated on three challenging datasets: CAMO, CHAMELEON, and COD10K. Evaluation results demonstrate superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods. © Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2024.

关键词： Object detection

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Personality Enhanced Emotion Generation Modeling for Dialogue Systems

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COGNITIVE COMPUTATION 2024年第1期16卷 293-304页

作者： Liu, Zhiqiang Jia, Wenchao Zhou, Yutong Xu, Biqi Liu, Zhiqiang Wu, Zhuoyi College of Data Science and Application Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot 010080 Inner Mongolia China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Big Data Based Software Service Hohhot 010080 Inner Mongolia China

Emotion plays a crucial role in human communication, as it adds depth and richness to conversations. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing conversation systems with the ability to generate emotions. However, to create more engaging and realistic interactions, it is essential to consider the influence of personality on emotion generation. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines personality modeling with emotion generation for conversation systems. By incorporating personality traits into the emotion generation process, we aim to create more personalized and contextually appropriate emotional responses. Drawing from bigFive model and emotion computation techniques, our model takes into account individual differences in personality to generate emotions that align with each user's unique characteristics. Experiments show that combining emotion modeling with personality in a dialogue system helps improve the performance of emotion generation models. Additionally, it is also verified that our approach outperforms other baselines on several metrics.

关键词： Dialogue system Emotion generation Personality Anthropomorphism

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MD-HIT:Machine learning for material property prediction with dataset redundancy control

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 638-648页

作者： Qin Li Nihang Fu Sadman Sadeed Omee Jianjun Hu College of Big Data and Statistics Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyangChina Department of Computer SCience and Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA

Materials datasets usually contain many redundant(highly similar)materials due to the tinkering approach historically used in material *** redundancy skews the performance evaluation of machine learning(ML)models when using random splitting,leading to overestimated predictive performance and poor performance on out-of-distribution *** issue is well-known in bioinformatics for protein function prediction,where tools like CD-HIT are used to reduce redundancy by ensuring sequence similarity among samples greater than a given *** this paper,we survey the overestimated ML performance in materials science for material property prediction and propose MD-HIT,a redundancy reduction algorithm for material *** MD-HIT to composition-and structure-based formation energy and band gap prediction problems,we demonstrate that with redundancy control,the prediction performances of the ML models on test sets tend to have relatively lower performance compared to the model with high redundancy,but better reflect models’true prediction capability.

关键词： prediction property performance

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Steel Surface Defect Detection Using Learnable Memory Vision Transformer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 499-520页

作者： Syed Tasnimul Karim Ayon Farhan Md.Siraj Jia Uddin Department of Computer Science and Engineering BRAC UniversityDhaka1212Bangladesh Department of AI and Big Data Endicott CollegeWoosong UniversityDaejeon34606Republic of Korea

This study investigates the application of Learnable Memory Vision Transformers(LMViT)for detecting metal surface flaws,comparing their performance with traditional CNNs,specifically ResNet18 and ResNet50,as well as other transformer-based models including Token to Token ViT,ViT withoutmemory,and Parallel *** awidely-used steel surface defect dataset,the research applies data augmentation and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)to enhance feature extraction and *** techniques mitigated overfitting,stabilized training,and improved generalization *** LMViT model achieved a test accuracy of 97.22%,significantly outperforming ResNet18(88.89%)and ResNet50(88.90%),aswell as the Token to TokenViT(88.46%),ViT without memory(87.18),and Parallel ViT(91.03%).Furthermore,LMViT exhibited superior training and validation performance,attaining a validation accuracy of 98.2%compared to 91.0%for ResNet 18,96.0%for ResNet50,and 89.12%,87.51%,and 91.21%for Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT,*** findings highlight the LMViT’s ability to capture long-range dependencies in images,an areawhere CNNs struggle due to their reliance on local receptive fields and hierarchical feature *** additional transformer-based models also demonstrate improved performance in capturing complex features over CNNs,with LMViT excelling particularly at detecting subtle and complex defects,which is critical for maintaining product quality and operational efficiency in industrial *** instance,the LMViT model successfully identified fine scratches and minor surface irregularities that CNNs often *** study not only demonstrates LMViT’s potential for real-world defect detection but also underscores the promise of other transformer-based architectures like Token to Token ViT,ViT without memory,and Parallel ViT in industrial scenarios where complex spatial relationships are *** research m

关键词： Learnable Memory Vision Transformer(LMViT) Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) metal surface defect detection deep learning,computer vision image classification learnable memory gradient clipping label smoothing t-SNE visualization

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kProtoClust:Towards Adaptive k-Prototype Clustering without Known k

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4949-4976页

作者： Yuan Ping Huina Li Chun Guo Bin Hao School of Information Engineering Xuchang UniversityXuchang461000China Henan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Big Data Security andApplications Xuchang461000China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Here Data Technology Shenzhen518000China

Towards optimal k-prototype discovery,k-means-like algorithms give us inspirations of central samples collection,yet the unstable seed samples selection,the hypothesis of a circle-like pattern,and the unknown K are still challenges,particularly for non-predetermined data *** propose an adaptive k-prototype clustering method(kProtoClust)which launches cluster exploration with a sketchy division of K clusters and finds evidence for splitting and *** behalf of a group of data samples,support vectors and outliers from the perspective of support vector data description are not the appropriate candidates for prototypes,while inner samples become the first candidates for instability reduction of *** from the representation of samples in traditional,we extend sample selection by encouraging fictitious samples to emphasize the representativeness of *** get out of the circle-like pattern limitation,we introduce a convex decomposition-based strategy of one-cluster-multiple-prototypes in which convex hulls of varying sizes are prototypes,and accurate connection analysis makes the support of arbitrary cluster shapes *** by geometry,the three presented strategies make kProtoClust bypassing the K dependence well with the global and local position relationship analysis for data *** results on twelve datasets of irregular cluster shape or high dimension suggest that kProtoClust handles arbitrary cluster shapes with prominent accuracy even without the prior knowledge K.

关键词： Prototype finding convex hull support vector data description geometrical information

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