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Inferring the population history of Kyrgyz in Xinjiang, Northwest China from genome-wide array genotyping

American Journal of Biological Anthropology 2023年第4期181卷

作者： Bubibatima Halili Xiaomin Yang Rui Wang Kongyang Zhu Xiangjun Hai Chuan-Chao Wang Department of Anthropology and Ethnology Institute of Anthropology School of Sociology and Anthropology Xiamen University Xiamen China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Resources (lead) Xiangjun Hai State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China. Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Visualization (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Key Laboratory of Environmental Ecology and Population Health in Northwest Minority Areas Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China Xiaomin Yang and Chuan-Chao Wang Department of Anthropology and Ethnology Institute of Anthropology School of Sociology and Anthropology Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China. Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Resources (equal) State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Xiamen China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Project administration (lead) Supervision (lead) Writing - review & editing (lead)

Objectives Xinjiang plays a vital role in the trans-Eurasian population migration, language diffusion, and culture and technology exchange. However, the underrepresentation of Xinjiang's genomes has hindered a more comprehensive understanding of Xinjiang's genetic structure and population history. Materials and Methods We collected and genotyped 70 southern Xinjiang's Kyrgyz (SXJK) individuals and combined the data with modern and ancient Eurasians published. We used allele-frequency methods, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f -statistics, qpWave/qpAdm , ALDER, Treemix, and haplotype-shared methods including shared-IBD segments, fineSTRUCTURE, and GLOBETROTTER to unveil the fine-scale population structure and reconstruct admixture history. Results We identified genetic substructure within the SXJK population with subgroups showing different genetic affinities to West and East Eurasians. All SXJK subgroups were suggested to have close genetic relationships with surrounding Turkic-speaking groups that is, Uyghur, Kyrgyz from north Xinjiang and Tajikistan, and Chinese Kazakh, suggesting a shared ancestry among those populations. Outgroup- f 3 and symmetrical f 4 statistics showed a high genetic affinity of SXJK to present-day Tungusic, Mongolic-speaking populations and Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) related groups. Allele sharing and haplotype sharing profiles revealed the east–west admixture pattern of SXJK. The qpAdm -based admixture models showed that SXJK derived ancestry from East Eurasian (ANA and East Asian, 42.7%–83.3%) and West Eurasian (Western Steppe herders and Central Asian, 16.7%–57.3%), the recent east–west admixture event could be traced to 1000 years ago based on ALDER and GLOBETROTTER analysis. Discussion The high genetic affinity of SXJK to present-day Tungusic and Mongolic-speaking populations and short-shared IBD segments indicated their shared common ancestry. SXJK harbored a close genetic affinity to ANA-related populations, indicating the Northeast Asia

关键词： admixture history genetic continuity genetic structure genome-wide SNP Kyrgyz

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Correlation between Electrolyte Chemistry and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Reversible Ca Metal Anodes

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第50期134卷

作者： Dr. Zhen Hou Rui Zhou Yunduo Yao Zhiwen Min Dr. Ziheng Lu Prof. Ye Zhu Prof. Jean-Marie Tarascon Prof. Biao Zhang Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (equal) Validation (equal) Visualization (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China Contribution: Software (supporting) Microsoft Research AI4Science Beijing 100080 China Contribution: Software (lead) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Chimie du Solide-Energie UMR 8260 Collège de France Paris France Contribution: Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Methodology (equal) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal)

The development of rechargeable Ca metal batteries (RCMBs) is hindered by the Ca 2+ passivating solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). The cation solvation structure dictated by electrolyte chemistry plays a critical role in the SEIs properties. While a relatively weak cation-solvent binding is preferred in Li metal anodes to promote anion-derived SEIs, we demonstrate an enhanced Ca deposition/stripping reversibility under a strong cation-solvent interaction, which is materialized in strongly-solvating solvent and highly-dissociated salt combinations. Such electrolyte formulations benefit the formation of solvent-occupied solvation structure and minimize the anion reduction, resulting in organic-rich/CaF 2 -poor SEIs for reversible Ca metal anodes. Furthermore, RCMBs paired with an organic cathode using the optimized electrolytes are demonstrated as a proof-of-concept. Our work reveals the paradigm shift in SEIs design for Ca metal anodes, opening up new opportunities for emerging RCMBs.

关键词： Ca Deposition/Stripping Electrolyte Formulation Solid Electrolyte Interphase Solvation Structure

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In Situ Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Internally and Externally Engineered Exosomes

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第11期135卷

作者： Dr. Lingmin Zhang Yinshan Lin Dr. Songpei Li Xiaoling Guan Xingyu Jiang Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd Nanshan District 518055 Shenzhen Guangdong China Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University 511436 Guangzhou Guangdong China Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (equal) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - review & editing (lead) Contribution: Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Methodology (lead) Software (lead) Validation (lead) Visualization (lead) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Methodology (equal) Software (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Investigation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Software (supporting) Validation (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Funding acquisition (lead) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead)

The reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as an efficient strategy for immunotherapy. However, most of the approaches did not allow the in situ reprogramming of TAM because their low efficiency, non-specificity, or potential side effects. Herein, we produced exosomes with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) internally engineered and the TAM specific peptide externally engineered onto the exosome membrane. The i nternally and e xternally e ngineered e xosomes ( IEEE , also named as I3E ) allowed the selective homing to tumor tissue and targeted to M2-like TAMs, which nearly repressed the expression of PI-3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) completely, and induced the TAMs polarizing to M1 both in vitro and in vivo. The polarized M1 macrophages awakened the “hot” tumor-immunity, causing the increase of T lymphocyte infiltration and the decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and inhibiting the tumor growth significantly. I3E reprogramed TAMs in situ precisely and efficiently.

关键词： CRISPRi Engineered Exosomes In Situ Reprogramming Lung Cancer Tumor-Associated Macrophages

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Ba12[BN2]6.67H4: A Disordered Anti-Skutterudite filled with Nitridoborate Anions

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第4期136卷

作者： Sophia L. Wandelt Dr. Alexander Mutschke Dr. Dmitry Khalyavin Jennifer Steinadler Prof. Dr. Antti J. Karttunen Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schnick Department of Chemistry University of Munich (LMU) Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 Munich Germany Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Validation (equal) Visualization (lead) Writing - original draft (lead) Writing - review & editing (equal) Chair of Inorganic Chemistry with Focus in Novel Materials Department of Chemistry TU Munich Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) TU Munich Lichtenbergstr. 1 85748 Garching Germany Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS Neutron and Muon Source Didcot OX11 0QX UK Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Methodology (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 00076 Aalto Finland Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Investigation (supporting) Resources (supporting) Validation (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting) Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead) Project administration (lead) Resources (lead) Supervision (lead) Validation (equal) Writing - original draft (supporting) Writing - review & editing (supporting)

Skutterudites are of high interest in current research due to their diversity of structures comprising empty, partially filled and filled variants, mostly based on metallic compounds. We herein present Ba 12 [BN 2 ] 6.67 H 4 , forming a non-metallic filled anti-skutterudite. It is accessed in a solid-state ampoule reaction from barium subnitride, boron nitride and barium hydride at 750 °C. Single-crystal X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data allowed to elucidate the structure in the cubic space group Im (no. 204). The barium and hydride atoms form a three-dimensional network consisting of corner-sharing HBa 6 octahedra and Ba 12 icosahedra. Slightly bent [BN 2 ] 3− units are located in the icosahedra and the voids in-between. 1 H and 11 B magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments and vibrational spectroscopy further support the structure model. Quantum chemical calculations coincide well with experimental results and provide information about the electronic structure of Ba 12 [BN 2 ] 6.67 H 4 .

关键词： Hydrides MAS NMR Neutron Diffraction Nitridoborates Skutterudite

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Extending the π-Conjugated System in Spiro-Type Hole Transport Material Enhances the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Modules

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第29期135卷

作者： Xuepeng Liu Bin Ding Mingyuan Han Zhenhai Yang Jianlin Chen Pengju Shi Xiangying Xue Rahim Ghadari Xianfu Zhang Rui Wang Keith Brooks Li Tao Sachin Kinge Songyuan Dai Jiang Sheng Paul J. Dyson Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin Yong Ding Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells School of New Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China Contribution: Investigation (lead) Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland Contribution: Methodology (lead) Contribution: Methodology (equal) Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 China Contribution: Data curation (equal) Contribution: Validation (equal) School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China Contribution: Formal analysis (equal) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Organic and Biochemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz *** Iran Contribution: Software (lead) Contribution: Visualization (equal) School of Microelectronic & Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China Toyota Motor Europe Toyota Motor Technical Centre Advanced Technology Div. Hoge Wei 33 1930 Zaventum Belgium Contribution: Resources (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Contribution: Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are a key component of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The small molecular 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl)-amine-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD, termed “Spiro”) is the most successful HTM used in PSCs, but its versatility is imperfect. To improve its performance, we developed a novel spiro-type HTM (termed “DP”) by substituting four anisole units on Spiro with 4-methoxybiphenyl moieties. By extending the π-conjugation of Spiro in this way, the HOMO level of the HTM matches well with the perovskite valence band, enhancing hole mobility and increasing the glass transition temperature. DP-based PSC achieves high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.24 % for small-area (0.06 cm 2 ) devices and 21.86 % for modules (designated area of 27.56 cm 2 ), along with the certified efficiency of 21.78 % on a designated area of 27.86 cm 2 . The encapsulated DP-based devices maintain 95.1 % of the initial performance under ISOS-L-1 conditions after 2560 hours and 87 % at the ISOS-L-3 conditions over 600 hours.

关键词： Hole Transport Materials Modules Perovskite Solar Cells π-Conjugated System Stability

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Hematologic and spirometric characteristics of Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains

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American Journal of Human Biology 2020年第2期33卷

作者： Xierzhatijiang Sulaiman Wei-fang Xu Liu-Hong Cai Xiao-Yang Huang Lu-Feng Cheng Ya-Ping Zhang Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China Contribution: Data curation Formal analysis Investigation Visualization Writing - original draft Writing - review & editing Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Guangdong China Contribution: Conceptualization Funding acquisition Investigation Chengdu Yumei Hospital Chengdu Sichuan China Contribution: Investigation The People's Hospital of Shawan County Shawan Xinjiang China Ya-Ping Zhang KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 East Jiaochang Road Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. Contribution: Conceptualization Funding acquisition Methodology Supervision State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan China Lu-Feng Cheng Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Xinjiang Medical University 393 Xinyi Road Urumqi Xinjiang 830054 China.

Objectives In this study, we measured the hematologic and spirometric parameters of native Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains to investigate adaptations to high altitude stressors. Methods Hematological parameters including arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured on Sarikoli Tajik (n = 80; 3100 m), Wakhi Tajik (n = 48; 3500 m), and Kyrgyz (n = 64; 3250 m) in comparison to lowland Uyghurs (n = 50; 1300 m). Spirometric parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), the first second of forced expiration (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25-75) were measured. We also reported mountain sickness symptoms in these highlanders and conducted a multivariate regression analysis to analyze the association between these symptoms and the measured parameters. Results SaO 2 of Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (91%-93.5%) are significantly lower than lowland Uyghurs, yet are comparable to other native highlanders at a similar altitude. RBC counts and Hb concentrations of all three highland populations are significantly increased compared to Uyghurs. FVC is lower in Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (male: 3.48-3.86 L, female: 2.47-2.78 L) compared to Uyghurs. Combined with normal FEV1, elevated FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF25-75, the spirometric patterns of these highlanders indicate restrictive lung disease. A high prevalence of mountain sickness symptoms such as headache and nausea was found in all three highland populations, and are attributed to low FVC and aging by regression analysis. Conclusion Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders showed adaptation in SaO 2 , RBC, and Hb level, but poor performance in spirometry, which causes mountain sickness.

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100 essential questions for the future of agriculture

Modern Agriculture

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Modern Agriculture 2023年第1期1卷

作者： Yuming Hu Taolan Zhao Yafang Guo Meng Wang Kerstin Brachhold Chengcai Chu Andrew Hanson Sachin Kumar Rongcheng Lin Wenjin Long Ming Luo Jian Feng Ma Yansong Miao Shaoping Nie Yu Sheng Weiming Shi James Whelan Qingyu Wu Ziping Wu Wei Xie Yinong Yang Chao Zhao Lei Lei Yong-Guan Zhu Qifa Zhang Wiley-VCH GmbH Weinheim Germany Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (equal) Formal analysis (equal) Investigation (equal) Methodology (equal) Project administration (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Writing - review & editing (equal) Contribution: Investigation (equal) Resources (equal) Writing - original draft (equal) Contribution: Data curation (equal) Investigation (equal) Visualization (equal) Contribution: Writing - review & editing (equal) State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China Contribution: Investigation (equal) Resources (equal) Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Rumen Biotechnology Laboratory Animal Nutrition Division ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute Karnal Haryana India Key Laboratory of Photobiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Economics and Management China Agricultural University Beijing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Agriculture and Biotechnology Research Center South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University Kurashiki Japan School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China China Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Department of Animal Plant and Soil Sciences La Trobe University Me

The world is at a crossroad when it comes to agriculture. The global population is growing, and the demand for food is increasing, putting a strain on our agricultural resources and practices. To address this challenge, innovative, sustainable, and inclusive approaches to agriculture are urgently required. In this paper, we launched a call for Essential Questions for the Future of Agriculture and identified a priority list of 100 questions. We focus on 10 primary themes: transforming agri-food systems, enhancing resilience of agriculture to climate change, mitigating climate change through agriculture, exploring resources and technologies for breeding, advancing cultivation methods, sustaining healthy agroecosystems, enabling smart and controlled-environment agriculture for food security, promoting health and nutrition-driven agriculture, exploring economic opportunities and addressing social challenges, and integrating one health and modern agriculture. We emphasise the critical importance of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research that integrates both basic and applied sciences and bridges the gaps among various stakeholders for achieving sustainable agriculture.

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