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Investigation of metabolic pathways from gut microbiome analyses regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus using artificial neural networks

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2023年第1期3卷 19页

作者： Siptroth, Julienne Moskalenko, Olga Krumbiegel, Carsten Ackermann, Jörg Koch, Ina Pospisil, Heike High Performance Computing in Life Sciences Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau Wildau15745 Germany BIOMES NGS GmbH Schwartzkopfstraße 1 Wildau15745 Germany Department of Molecular Bioinformatics Institute of Computer Science Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main60325 Germany

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease that contributes to the development of various health issues, including kidney failure and strokes. As a result, it poses a significant challenge to the worldwide healthcare system. Research into the gut microbiome has enabled the identification and description of various diseases, with bacterial pathways playing a critical role in this context. These pathways link individual bacteria based on their biological functions. This study deals with the classification of microbiome pathway profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: Pathway profiles were determined by next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA from stool samples, which were subsequently assigned to bacteria. Then, the involved pathways were assigned by the identified gene families. The classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus is enabled by a constructed neural network. Furthermore, a feature importance analysis was performed via a game theoretic approach (SHapley Additive exPlanations). The study not only focuses on the classification using neural networks, but also on identifying crucial bacterial pathways. Results: It could be shown that a neural network classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a healthy comparison group is possible with an excellent prediction accuracy. It was possible to create a ranking to identify the pathways that have a high impact on the model prediction accuracy. In this way, new associations between the alteration of, e.g. a biosynthetic pathway and the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 disease can also be discovered. The basis is formed by 946 microbiome pathway profiles from diabetes mellitus type 2 patients (272) and healthy comparison persons (674). Conclusion: With this study of the gut microbiome, we present an approach using a neural network to obtain a classification of healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify the critical features. Intestinal bacteria pathway profiles form the bas

关键词： Neural networks

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Low-temperature dielectric relaxation associated with NbO_6 octahedron distortion in antimony modified potassium sodium niobate ceramics

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第20期115卷 189-198页

作者： Nan Zhang Xiang Lv Xi-xiang Zhang Jing Lyu Shuo-Wang Yang Jiagang Wu Department of Materials Science Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 Connexis138632Singapore

Although the antimony(Sb) has been widely used to modify potassium sodium niobate(KNN) ceramics for tailoring the phase structure and performance, the role of Sb still remains insufficiently understood,consequently hindering the understanding of the physical origin of high-performance KNN-based ceramics. Here, we combine the experiments and first-principles calculations to deeply reveal the effects of Sb on KNN ceramics. Our results reveal a re-entrant-like relaxation behavior near the rhombohedralorthorhombic(R-O) phase transition at the low content of Sb, which transforms into a canonical one at higher content of Sb. First-principles calculations show a significantly decreased difference in the bond length of six B-O bonds of Nb O6 octahedral in Sb-modified KNN ceramics compared to pristine KNN ceramics, responsible for the low-temperature re-entrant-like dielectric relaxation. Furthermore, the addition of Sb would soften the B-O repulsion and gradually break the long-range ferroelectric ordering,resulting in the occurrence of nanoscale domains and enhanced local heterogeneity. Finally, we find that the optimized piezoelectric properties are the trade-off between the long-range ferroelectric ordering and the local heterogeneity. Therefore, this work not only deeply reveals the effects of Sb on KNN ceramics from multi-scale perspectives but also helps the future composition design for achieving high piezoelectricity.

关键词： KNN-based ceramics Re-entrant-like relaxation Covalency Multiphase coexistence Local heterogeneity

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Online Demand Peak Shaving with Machine-Learned Advice in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems

Online Demand Peak Shaving with Machine-Learned Advice in Cy...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure computing, 2023 International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and computing, 2023 International Conference on Cloud and Big data computing, 2023 International Conference on Cyber science and Technology Congress, DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech 2023

作者： Fengl, Minxi Li, Wei Qin, Boyu Zomaya, Albert Y. Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing School of Computer Science The University of Sydney Australia Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304602

With the deep integration of cyber tools, control algorithms are increasingly employed in cyber-physical energy systems to enhance management, cost efficiency, and robustness. Effective demand load management is crucial in cyber-physical energy systems as it directly impacts operational costs. Failure to adequately manage spiky or seasonal demand loads can lead to significant expenses on monthly utility bills. In this study, we propose AMPAMOD, a randomized online algorithm with machine-learned advice, to optimize battery operations and mitigate highly dynamic peak loads. AMPAMOD utilizes limited advice from machine learning algorithms to guide our online algorithm and ensure cost-effective peak load management. The theoretical analysis shows that our solution has minimal advice complexity, a linear computational cost, and an improved competitive ratio. Finally, we conduct extensive trace-driven experiments on real-world datasets. AMPAMOD achieves a peak shaving success rate of over 90%, outperforming baselines by at least 50%. These experimental results confirm theoretical findings and demonstrate the potential of AMPAMOD. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber Physical System

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Towards harmless rawlsian fairness regardless of demographic prior 24

Towards harmless rawlsian fairness regardless of demographic...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Xuanqian Wang Jing Li Ivor W. Tsang Yew-Soon Ong School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China Institute of High-Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore and Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Institute of High-Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore and Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore and College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Due to privacy and security concerns, recent advancements in group fairness advocate for model training regardless of demographic information. However, most methods still require prior knowledge of demographics. In this study, we explore the potential for achieving fairness without compromising its utility when no prior demographics are provided to the training set, namely harmless Rawlsian fairness. We ascertain that such a fairness requirement with no prior demographic information essential promotes training losses to exhibit a Dirac delta distribution. To this end, we propose a simple but effective method named VFair to minimize the variance of training losses inside the optimal set of empirical losses. This problem is then optimized by a tailored dynamic update approach that operates in both loss and gradient dimensions, directing the model towards relatively fairer solutions while preserving its intact utility. Our experimental findings indicate that regression tasks, which are relatively unexplored from literature, can achieve significant fairness improvement through VFair regardless of any prior, whereas classification tasks usually do not because of their quantized utility measurements. The implementation of our method is publicly available at https://***/wxqpxw/VFair.

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How to Steal CPU Idle Time When Synchronous I/O Mode Becomes Promising 24

How to Steal CPU Idle Time When Synchronous I/O Mode Becomes...

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61st ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, DAC 2024

作者： Wu, Chun-Feng Chang, Yuan-Hao Yang, Ming-Chang Kuo, Tei-Wei Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Institue of Information Science Academia Sinica Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan High Performance and Scientific Computing Center National Taiwan University Taiwan Delta Electronics Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706011

The advent of Ultra-Low-Latency storage devices has narrowed the performance gap between storage and CPU in computing platforms, facilitating synchronous I/O adoption. Yet, this approach introduces substantial busy waiting time and underutilizes computing units. To address this, we propose a light-weighted Idle-Time-Stealing (ITS) design. This involves a self-improving thread conducting prefetching for high-priority processes during synchronous I/O, and an I/O-waiting process continuing subsequent instruction executions when justifiable. Another thread, the self-sacrificing thread, proactively switches low-priority process I/O requests from synchronous to asynchronous mode, prioritizing high-priority executions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our ITS design in reducing CPU idle time. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： data storage equipment

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Constructions of Sidon spaces and cyclic subspace codes

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2022年第2期17卷 275-288页

作者： He ZHANG Xiwang CAO Department of Mathematics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211100China School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modelling and High Performance Computing of Air Vehicles(NUAA) MIITNanjing 211106China

In this paper,we firstly construct several new kinds of Sidon spaces and Sidon sets by investigating some known ***,using these Sidon spaces,we will present a construction of cyclic subspace codes with cardinality τ,q^(n)-1/q-1 and minimum distance 2k-2,whereτis a positive *** further-more give some cyclic subspace codes with size 2τ·q^(n)-1/q-1 and without changing the minimum distance 2k-2.

关键词： Sidon spaces Sidon sets cyclic subspace codes minimum distance

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Serious Games as Emerging E-Health Interventions: Design of an Exergame for the SMILER Project 13th

Serious Games as Emerging E-Health Interventions: Design of...

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13th International Conference on Games and Learning Alliance, GALA 2024

作者： Augello, Agnese Caggianese, Giuseppe Gaglio, Giuseppe Fulvio Gallo, Luigi Malizia, Velia La Grutta, Stefania Tancredi, Giancarlo Turchetta, Attilio Vacca, Rosa Anna Scala, Iris Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking CNR Palermo Italy Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking CNR Naples Italy University of Palermo Palermo Italy Department of Information Science and Technology Pegaso University Naples Italy Institute of Translational Pharmacology CNR Palermo Italy Pediatric Department Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Sport Medicine Unit Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital Roma Italy Institute of Biomembranes Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies CNR Bari Italy Department of Maternal and Child Health Federico II University Napoli Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031782688

This paper outlines the design and implementation of an exergame developed under the strategic Italian CNR project SMILER (Serious gaMes in chILdren with nEurological or Respiratory disorders). The project aims at investigating how Serious Games (SG) can enhance the health conditions of young people with chronic diseases, specifically targeting two categories: individuals with Down Syndrome and those with Asthma. The SG employs a narrative strategy within an immersive, interactive setup. The child’s movements are captured and translated into actions performed by an in-game avatar, who is central to the story. Additionally, a wristband continuously monitors the child’s physiological data, ensuring they remain within the aerobic zone. In this document, the game’s architectural modules and design decisions are described, along with introducing the experimental plan to explore the game’s impact on transcriptome profiling (CTRA) gene patterns and neuropsychological outcomes through an upcoming pilot study. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Game design

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MVSDet: multi-view indoor 3D object detection via efficient plane sweeps 24

MVSDet: multi-view indoor 3D object detection via efficient ...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yating Xu Chen Li Gim Hee Lee Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR and Centre for Frontier AI Research A*STAR

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

The key challenge of multi-view indoor 3D object detection is to infer accurate geometry information from images for precise 3D detection. Previous method relies on NeRF for geometry reasoning. However, the geometry extracted from NeRF is generally inaccurate, which leads to sub-optimal detection performance. In this paper, we propose MVSDet which utilizes plane sweep for geometry-aware 3D object detection. To circumvent the requirement for a large number of depth planes for accurate depth prediction, we design a probabilistic sampling and soft weighting mechanism to decide the placement of pixel features on the 3D volume. We select multiple locations that score top in the probability volume for each pixel and use their probability score to indicate the confidence. We further apply recent pixel-aligned Gaussian Splatting to regularize depth prediction and improve detection performance with little computation overhead. Extensive experiments on ScanNet and ARKitScenes datasets are conducted to show the superiority of our model. Our code is available at https://***/Pixie8888/MVSDet.

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Linear stability analysis of inviscid charge transport near a deformable plasma-liquid interface

Linear stability analysis of inviscid charge transport near ...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： W.H.R. Chan Z. Feng E. Klaseboer H. Li Fluid Dynamics Department Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350360912

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360929

We perform a two-dimensional linear stability analysis of inviscid charge transport near the deformable interface between a weakly ionised single-fluid plasma and an incompressible liquid layer by coupling the two-phase Euler and Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations with proposed extensions to viscous transport. The stationary base state involves a constant imposed electric potential difference between two charged parallel plates, where the top plate serves as a source of positive ions and the bottom plate supports a pool of liquid above. The characteristic structure of perturbation velocities, as well as possible conditions for linear instability, are investigated for a variety of problem parameters such as charge mobility and density ratio. The results of our linear stability analysis are compared with an in-house simulation framework for plasma-liquid interfaces being developed in parallel with this work, with an eye to the prediction of convective cells and self-organised patterns experimentally observed at plasma-liquid interfaces.

关键词： Couplings Electric potential Liquids Perturbation methods Ions Stability analysis Mathematical models

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Medical image registration and its application in retinal images:a review

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Visual computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2024年第1期7卷 142-164页

作者： Qiushi Nie Xiaoqing Zhang Yan Hu Mingdao Gong Jiang Liu Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems and Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for High Performance Computing and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore 169856Singapore State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual ScienceEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027China

Medical image registration is vital for disease diagnosis and treatment with its ability to merge diverse informa-tion of images,which may be captured under different times,angles,or *** several surveys have reviewed the development of medical image registration,they have not systematically summarized the existing med-ical image registration *** this end,a comprehensive review of these methods is provided from traditional and deep-learning-based perspectives,aiming to help audiences quickly understand the development of medical image *** particular,we review recent advances in retinal image registration,which has not attracted much *** addition,current challenges in retinal image registration are discussed and insights and prospects for future research provided.

关键词： Computer-aided diagnosis Medical image registration Deep learning Generative model Transformer Retina

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